4-S2 - L1 (1)
... Fast excitatory responses Excitatory neurotransmitters cause depolarisation of the postsynaptic cell by acting on ligand-gated ion channels. -excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) - depolarisation causes more action potentials ...
... Fast excitatory responses Excitatory neurotransmitters cause depolarisation of the postsynaptic cell by acting on ligand-gated ion channels. -excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) - depolarisation causes more action potentials ...
Document
... •ACh applied in pipette (extracellular) •Gβγ applied in bath (intracellular) •Effect of both is the same ...
... •ACh applied in pipette (extracellular) •Gβγ applied in bath (intracellular) •Effect of both is the same ...
AP Biology - Revere Local Schools
... Many possible outcomes This example shows a transcription response ...
... Many possible outcomes This example shows a transcription response ...
Afferent (Sensory) Division Part 1
... Occur in specialized nerve endings Stimulus opens ion channels in receptor causing local current flow Local current flow opens ion channels in afferent neuron AP generating region If threshold reached, AP is generated ...
... Occur in specialized nerve endings Stimulus opens ion channels in receptor causing local current flow Local current flow opens ion channels in afferent neuron AP generating region If threshold reached, AP is generated ...
felix may 2nd year neuroscience Neuroreceptor characterisation by
... Binding of QNB can be seen to reach a baseline value where no additional atropine can displace it (fig.1). This is considered to be ‘undisplaceable’ radioligand that is bound to sites other than mAch receptors, or even just absorbed in the filter paper. Subtracting the lowest value for QNB binding ...
... Binding of QNB can be seen to reach a baseline value where no additional atropine can displace it (fig.1). This is considered to be ‘undisplaceable’ radioligand that is bound to sites other than mAch receptors, or even just absorbed in the filter paper. Subtracting the lowest value for QNB binding ...
Darifenacin Hydrobromide
... The symptoms of OAB are thought to result from involuntary contractions of the detrusor muscle during the bladder filling phase. ...
... The symptoms of OAB are thought to result from involuntary contractions of the detrusor muscle during the bladder filling phase. ...
Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics of Alcohol and Opioids
... • Ethanol metabolism produces reduced NAD (NADH) • NADH reduces ability of liver to produce UDPglucuronic acid, necessary for glucuronidation of morphine and other drugs ...
... • Ethanol metabolism produces reduced NAD (NADH) • NADH reduces ability of liver to produce UDPglucuronic acid, necessary for glucuronidation of morphine and other drugs ...
Principles of Psychopharmacology in Children And Adolescents
... • Comes from tryptophan by the action of TPH • 2% of the body’s serotonin is in the brain/spinal cord • Project from the mid-brain raphe nuclei to the C, S, T, Cerebellum, Amygdala and Hippocampus ...
... • Comes from tryptophan by the action of TPH • 2% of the body’s serotonin is in the brain/spinal cord • Project from the mid-brain raphe nuclei to the C, S, T, Cerebellum, Amygdala and Hippocampus ...
11/19/08-B
... • MPTP (1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine) and manganese • Causes a Parkinson’s like disease • Toxicity of MPTP appears to be due to the generation of free radicals that lead to the death of dopaminergic neurons ...
... • MPTP (1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine) and manganese • Causes a Parkinson’s like disease • Toxicity of MPTP appears to be due to the generation of free radicals that lead to the death of dopaminergic neurons ...
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS Outline
... open. Calcium ions flow out of ER. Calcium levels in cytosol increase Calcium ions activate next protein in signal pathway. ...
... open. Calcium ions flow out of ER. Calcium levels in cytosol increase Calcium ions activate next protein in signal pathway. ...
powerpoint file lecture 3
... The ACh receptor is permeable to Na+ and K + At reversal potential the driving forces for Na+ and K+ are equal and opposite so the net ion flow is zero ...
... The ACh receptor is permeable to Na+ and K + At reversal potential the driving forces for Na+ and K+ are equal and opposite so the net ion flow is zero ...
Chemical Messengers
... • G proteins can either be stimulatory or inhibitory. • Once the alpha subunit of the G protein activates its effector protein, a GTP-ase activity inherent in the alpha subunit cleaves the GTP into GDP plus Pi. • This cleavage renders the alpha subunit inactive, allowing it to recombine with its bet ...
... • G proteins can either be stimulatory or inhibitory. • Once the alpha subunit of the G protein activates its effector protein, a GTP-ase activity inherent in the alpha subunit cleaves the GTP into GDP plus Pi. • This cleavage renders the alpha subunit inactive, allowing it to recombine with its bet ...
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS Student Version Outline
... cAMP concentration in cytosol increases cellular response occurs protein kinase “A” begins phosphorylation cascade of other proteins ...
... cAMP concentration in cytosol increases cellular response occurs protein kinase “A” begins phosphorylation cascade of other proteins ...
The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste
... Receptor cells express only one type of protein molecule. However, each protein responds to a variety of odors. Odor is encoded by component processing; that is, by the pattern of activity across receptor types. ...
... Receptor cells express only one type of protein molecule. However, each protein responds to a variety of odors. Odor is encoded by component processing; that is, by the pattern of activity across receptor types. ...
The Nervous System
... neuron to neuron across gaps called synapses. A sending neuron synthesizes neurotransmitter molecules and bundles them into packages; when the neuron becomes electrically excited, it releases the neurotransmitter molecules into the synapse. Once in the synapse, each molecule may: Dock on a receptor ...
... neuron to neuron across gaps called synapses. A sending neuron synthesizes neurotransmitter molecules and bundles them into packages; when the neuron becomes electrically excited, it releases the neurotransmitter molecules into the synapse. Once in the synapse, each molecule may: Dock on a receptor ...
Ca 2+
... Quantal content was increased to 154%!! After a single injection of alphaBTX mEPPs were reduced in size by 60% but no increase in quantal content was observed! At timepoints between acute treatment and 6 weeks with alphaBTX quantal content increased, reaching a plateau Between 20 and 30 days. A mech ...
... Quantal content was increased to 154%!! After a single injection of alphaBTX mEPPs were reduced in size by 60% but no increase in quantal content was observed! At timepoints between acute treatment and 6 weeks with alphaBTX quantal content increased, reaching a plateau Between 20 and 30 days. A mech ...
Rabbit anti-Sigma-1 Receptor Rabbit anti-Sigma
... cellular functions, biological processes and diseases, including cancer biology, psychosis, regulation of neurotransmitter function, motor, endocrine and immune systems.1 Two sigma receptors, -1 and -2 are presently known and classified based on their ability to bind a variety of ligands. The sigma- ...
... cellular functions, biological processes and diseases, including cancer biology, psychosis, regulation of neurotransmitter function, motor, endocrine and immune systems.1 Two sigma receptors, -1 and -2 are presently known and classified based on their ability to bind a variety of ligands. The sigma- ...
System Introduction to Sensory Physiology: Sensory- Motor
... 2) MRO1- slow adaptation- IK (Ca), Na/K pump! 3) MRO1 and MRO2 have similar generator potentials! 4) MRO2 adapts more quickly to depolarization! ...
... 2) MRO1- slow adaptation- IK (Ca), Na/K pump! 3) MRO1 and MRO2 have similar generator potentials! 4) MRO2 adapts more quickly to depolarization! ...
Cell Communication
... • Second Messenger: small, non-protein, H2O soluble molecules or ions involved in signal transduction pathways ▫ Readily spread through cell by diffusion ▫ Used with G-protein-linked receptors & RTK’s ...
... • Second Messenger: small, non-protein, H2O soluble molecules or ions involved in signal transduction pathways ▫ Readily spread through cell by diffusion ▫ Used with G-protein-linked receptors & RTK’s ...
ap® biology 2015 scoring guidelines
... Smell perception in mammals involves the interactions of airborne odorant molecules from the environment with receptor proteins on the olfactory neurons in the nasal cavity. The binding of odorant molecules to the receptor proteins triggers action potentials in the olfactory neurons and results in t ...
... Smell perception in mammals involves the interactions of airborne odorant molecules from the environment with receptor proteins on the olfactory neurons in the nasal cavity. The binding of odorant molecules to the receptor proteins triggers action potentials in the olfactory neurons and results in t ...
Mechanisms of cell communication
... Mammalian cells have at least two types of PKAs: type I is mainly in the cytosol, whereas type II is bound via its regulatory subunit and special anchoring proteins to the plasma membrane, nuclear membrane, mitochondrial outer membrane, and microtubules. ...
... Mammalian cells have at least two types of PKAs: type I is mainly in the cytosol, whereas type II is bound via its regulatory subunit and special anchoring proteins to the plasma membrane, nuclear membrane, mitochondrial outer membrane, and microtubules. ...
Biosc_48_Chapter_7_part_2_lecture
... Classsified chemically as purines; bind to purinergic receptors a. P1 receptor for ATP b. P2 receptor for adenosine Released with norepinephrine to stimulate blood vessel constriction and with ACh to stimulate intestinal contraction Released by nonneural cells; act as paracrine regulators in blood c ...
... Classsified chemically as purines; bind to purinergic receptors a. P1 receptor for ATP b. P2 receptor for adenosine Released with norepinephrine to stimulate blood vessel constriction and with ACh to stimulate intestinal contraction Released by nonneural cells; act as paracrine regulators in blood c ...
NMDA receptor
The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (also known as the NMDA receptor or NMDAR), is a glutamate receptor and ion channel protein found in nerve cells. It is activated when glutamate and glycine (or D-serine) bind to it, and when activated it allows positively charged ions to flow through the cell membrane. The NMDA receptor is very important for controlling synaptic plasticity and memory function.The NMDAR is a specific type of ionotropic glutamate receptor. The NMDA receptor is named this because the agonist molecule N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) binds selectively to it, and not to other glutamate receptors. Activation of NMDA receptors results in the opening of an ion channel that is nonselective to cations with a reversal potential near 0 mV. A property of the NMDA receptor is its voltage-dependent activation, a result of ion channel block by extracellular Mg2+ & Zn2+ ions. This allows the flow of Na+ and small amounts of Ca2+ ions into the cell and K+ out of the cell to be voltage-dependent.Calcium flux through NMDARs is thought to be critical in synaptic plasticity, a cellular mechanism for learning and memory. The NMDA receptor is distinct in two ways: first, it is both ligand-gated and voltage-dependent; second, it requires co-activation by two ligands: glutamate and either D-serine or glycine.The activity of the NMDA receptor is affected by many psychoactive drugs such as phencyclidine (PCP), alcohol (ethanol) and dextromethorphan (DXM). The anaesthetic effects of the drugs ketamine and nitrous oxide are partially because of their effects on NMDA receptor activity.