PHYSICAL GEOLOGY LECTURE NOTES, PAGE I. Introduction
... - includes Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune 3. Origin of the Earth - Earth was initially a homogeneous cloud of gas and dust; it condensed to form protoplanets - the protoplanets coalesced; radioactivity and gravity heated the center of the Earth and the outer surface was heated by meteorite impa ...
... - includes Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune 3. Origin of the Earth - Earth was initially a homogeneous cloud of gas and dust; it condensed to form protoplanets - the protoplanets coalesced; radioactivity and gravity heated the center of the Earth and the outer surface was heated by meteorite impa ...
INTRODUCTION
... What occurred at Point A as a result of this movement? A. a release of energy that caused an earthquake B. the formation of a tsunami, or underwater seismic wave C. the formation of a hot spot D. the sinking of one plate under another 2. A region known as the Ring of Fire follows the border of the P ...
... What occurred at Point A as a result of this movement? A. a release of energy that caused an earthquake B. the formation of a tsunami, or underwater seismic wave C. the formation of a hot spot D. the sinking of one plate under another 2. A region known as the Ring of Fire follows the border of the P ...
PowerPoint プレゼンテーション
... type, the protolith, in a process called metamorphism, which means "change in form". When the pre-existing rocks (sedimentary or igneous rock) are subjected to increased temperature, pressure and action of chemically active fluids, metamorphic rocks are formed. During metamorphism re-crystallization ...
... type, the protolith, in a process called metamorphism, which means "change in form". When the pre-existing rocks (sedimentary or igneous rock) are subjected to increased temperature, pressure and action of chemically active fluids, metamorphic rocks are formed. During metamorphism re-crystallization ...
Earth Forces Pupil Booklet
... from today. Over 200 million years ago all the continents were joined together forming a huge super-continent called Pangaea (Figure 3.1). Travelling forward in time to 135 million years ago the continents started to drift apart (Figure 3.2). Today the continents are in the positions shown in Figure ...
... from today. Over 200 million years ago all the continents were joined together forming a huge super-continent called Pangaea (Figure 3.1). Travelling forward in time to 135 million years ago the continents started to drift apart (Figure 3.2). Today the continents are in the positions shown in Figure ...
Chapter 3
... Bonding and Compounds – Ionic Bonds The formation of ions in controlled by the number of ...
... Bonding and Compounds – Ionic Bonds The formation of ions in controlled by the number of ...
SOILS, ROCKS, AND LANDFORMS Overview
... that every living plant and animal needs to survive. T study of the atmosphere, Earth’s crust and interior, and its rivers The a ocean is the task of the earth scientist. This module focuses on and th properties of the solid materials that form Earth—the minerals, the the rocks, and the landforms. G ...
... that every living plant and animal needs to survive. T study of the atmosphere, Earth’s crust and interior, and its rivers The a ocean is the task of the earth scientist. This module focuses on and th properties of the solid materials that form Earth—the minerals, the the rocks, and the landforms. G ...
Unit Objectives
... Be able to answer the question: Who was Alfred Wegener and what was his contribution to modern geology? ...
... Be able to answer the question: Who was Alfred Wegener and what was his contribution to modern geology? ...
When did plate tectonics start?
... Different slab temperature, so different UHPM rocks formed. No continent subduction, so no UHPM rocks formed. ...
... Different slab temperature, so different UHPM rocks formed. No continent subduction, so no UHPM rocks formed. ...
12_Gue_SF7_Unit5_T1_T3 - Holy Cross Collegiate
... minerals and fuels deep within it? How do we know about events that happened millions of years ago? What evidence do we have of activity in Earth’s interior? The answers to these questions lie in Earth’s crust and mantle — the thin, ever-changing, outermost layers of our planet. Throughout our histo ...
... minerals and fuels deep within it? How do we know about events that happened millions of years ago? What evidence do we have of activity in Earth’s interior? The answers to these questions lie in Earth’s crust and mantle — the thin, ever-changing, outermost layers of our planet. Throughout our histo ...
Plate Tectonics PowerPoint
... outer core, mantle, and crust) • On the surface of the Earth are tectonic plates that slowly move around the globe • Plates are made of crust and upper mantle ...
... outer core, mantle, and crust) • On the surface of the Earth are tectonic plates that slowly move around the globe • Plates are made of crust and upper mantle ...
Continental Drift Theory of Alfred Wegener
... 2. Causes of Drift:-Gravity of the earth, buoyancy of the seas and the tidal currents were given as the main factors causing the drift. 3. Interplay of the Sima and Sial:- the lighter sial was carried by heavier sima, thus creating cordillera formation on western edges of North America. These format ...
... 2. Causes of Drift:-Gravity of the earth, buoyancy of the seas and the tidal currents were given as the main factors causing the drift. 3. Interplay of the Sima and Sial:- the lighter sial was carried by heavier sima, thus creating cordillera formation on western edges of North America. These format ...
Continental Drift - Ashland Independent Schools
... basic ideas about continental drift were accepted. Other scientists of that time disagreed with Wegener’s hypothesis. They said that continental drift would not be necessary to explain Wegener’s observations. ...
... basic ideas about continental drift were accepted. Other scientists of that time disagreed with Wegener’s hypothesis. They said that continental drift would not be necessary to explain Wegener’s observations. ...
seismic waves - Gordon State College
... the roots of the mountain are heavier than the mountain at the surface. mountains sink until the upward buoyant force balances the downward gravitational force. mantle rock is weak beneath the mountain. oceanic crust is thin. ...
... the roots of the mountain are heavier than the mountain at the surface. mountains sink until the upward buoyant force balances the downward gravitational force. mantle rock is weak beneath the mountain. oceanic crust is thin. ...
Plate Tectonics Quiz - Mr. Long`s Classroom
... b. The fossils were brought to South d. The continents were once attached to each America by explorers other and then drifted apart. A difference between the oceanic crust and the continental crust is that the oceanic crust is a. composed chiefly of sedimentary rocks. c. older than the continental c ...
... b. The fossils were brought to South d. The continents were once attached to each America by explorers other and then drifted apart. A difference between the oceanic crust and the continental crust is that the oceanic crust is a. composed chiefly of sedimentary rocks. c. older than the continental c ...
Igneous Rocks and Intrusive Igneous Activity
... Complete the following table by identifying which of the characteristics in the left-hand column are present in volcanic and/or plutonic igneous rocks by stating yes or no for the appropriate number. One characteristic has been completed as an example. ...
... Complete the following table by identifying which of the characteristics in the left-hand column are present in volcanic and/or plutonic igneous rocks by stating yes or no for the appropriate number. One characteristic has been completed as an example. ...
8th Grade 2009 MN Standards with MCA
... as well as economic, political, social, and ethical expectations, must be taken into account in designing engineering solutions or conducting scientific investigations. ...
... as well as economic, political, social, and ethical expectations, must be taken into account in designing engineering solutions or conducting scientific investigations. ...
Chemical Geodynamics
... • Our only data about the history of the Earth’s structure is derived from geochemical inference, because geophysics only samples the present (exception: paleomag) • However, geochemistry only samples the surface, so inferences about depths within the Earth are indirect, and must be supplemented by ...
... • Our only data about the history of the Earth’s structure is derived from geochemical inference, because geophysics only samples the present (exception: paleomag) • However, geochemistry only samples the surface, so inferences about depths within the Earth are indirect, and must be supplemented by ...
2.01 Cosmochemical Estimates of Mantle Composition
... the timescale of accretion and the amount of incorporated short-lived radioactive nuclei, primarily 26Al with a half-life of 7.1 £ 105 years. In some cases there was sufficient heat to completely ...
... the timescale of accretion and the amount of incorporated short-lived radioactive nuclei, primarily 26Al with a half-life of 7.1 £ 105 years. In some cases there was sufficient heat to completely ...
True polar wander
... The Earth is not a true sphere, and therefore has three orthogonal axes of inertia. The axis around which the moment of inertia is greatest is closely aligned with the rotation axis (the axis going through the Geographic North and South Poles). The other two axes are near the equator. This is simila ...
... The Earth is not a true sphere, and therefore has three orthogonal axes of inertia. The axis around which the moment of inertia is greatest is closely aligned with the rotation axis (the axis going through the Geographic North and South Poles). The other two axes are near the equator. This is simila ...
The Rock Cycle
... Over time rocks may be weathered (broken apart) by wind, rain, and changes in temperature, resulting in sediments (small particles of rock). Erosion is the process by which the sediments are moved from one place to another. Erosion can be caused by running water, waves, gravity, wind, and glaciers. ...
... Over time rocks may be weathered (broken apart) by wind, rain, and changes in temperature, resulting in sediments (small particles of rock). Erosion is the process by which the sediments are moved from one place to another. Erosion can be caused by running water, waves, gravity, wind, and glaciers. ...
Divergent boundaries
... Evidence of past rates of plate movement also can be obtained from geologic mapping studies. If a rock formation of known age -- with distinctive composition, structure, or fossils -- mapped on one side of a plate boundary can be matched with the same formation on the other side of the boundary, the ...
... Evidence of past rates of plate movement also can be obtained from geologic mapping studies. If a rock formation of known age -- with distinctive composition, structure, or fossils -- mapped on one side of a plate boundary can be matched with the same formation on the other side of the boundary, the ...
Annenberg Learner: Plate Tectonics Web Quest Name: Blk:
... 2) Please read information on PLATE TECTONICS A) Who was Alfred Wegener? B) His theory was based upon what 3 pieces of evidence? C) What were 3 pieces of information that were published in Wegener's book? 3) "Continents On the Move" ~ please use the CHART & BULLET 2 FACTS for each time period noted. ...
... 2) Please read information on PLATE TECTONICS A) Who was Alfred Wegener? B) His theory was based upon what 3 pieces of evidence? C) What were 3 pieces of information that were published in Wegener's book? 3) "Continents On the Move" ~ please use the CHART & BULLET 2 FACTS for each time period noted. ...
Age of the Earth
The age of the Earth is 4.54 ± 0.05 billion years (4.54 × 109 years ± 1%). This age is based on evidence from radiometric age dating of meteorite material and is consistent with the radiometric ages of the oldest-known terrestrial and lunar samples.Following the development of radiometric age dating in the early 20th century, measurements of lead in uranium-rich minerals showed that some were in excess of a billion years old.The oldest such minerals analyzed to date—small crystals of zircon from the Jack Hills of Western Australia—are at least 4.404 billion years old. Comparing the mass and luminosity of the Sun to those of other stars, it appears that the Solar System cannot be much older than those rocks. Calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions – the oldest known solid constituents within meteorites that are formed within the Solar System – are 4.567 billion years old, giving an age for the solar system and an upper limit for the age of Earth.It is hypothesised that the accretion of Earth began soon after the formation of the calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions and the meteorites. Because the exact amount of time this accretion process took is not yet known, and the predictions from different accretion models range from a few millions up to about 100 million years, the exact age of Earth is difficult to determine. It is also difficult to determine the exact age of the oldest rocks on Earth, exposed at the surface, as they are aggregates of minerals of possibly different ages.