Earth`s Lithosphere System – Rock Cycle
... related to chemical composition and atomic structure; these properties do not change with mineral size or shape. CLEAVAGE AND FRACTURE: how a mineral tends to break. Cleavage: splitting of a mineral along planar (flat) surfaces; determined by planes of weakness in its atomic structure. The number, q ...
... related to chemical composition and atomic structure; these properties do not change with mineral size or shape. CLEAVAGE AND FRACTURE: how a mineral tends to break. Cleavage: splitting of a mineral along planar (flat) surfaces; determined by planes of weakness in its atomic structure. The number, q ...
t[^ f y'St - Oceanography ive
... Submarine hydrothermal sy stems provide all of the conditions necessary for the a biotic synthesis of organic compounds, polymers, and simpl e cell-like organisms. An analysis of the Archaean rock and fossil record shows that fossils of simple organisms ar e found in rocks deposited in hydrothermal ...
... Submarine hydrothermal sy stems provide all of the conditions necessary for the a biotic synthesis of organic compounds, polymers, and simpl e cell-like organisms. An analysis of the Archaean rock and fossil record shows that fossils of simple organisms ar e found in rocks deposited in hydrothermal ...
Plate tectonics on the terrestrial planets
... Numerical mantle convection models of subduction zones (using a composite rheology model including diffusion creep, dislocation creep and a stress limiter) for higher than present-day mantle temperatures show that for potential temperatures of 1525 ◦ C and higher, subduction is eventually stopped by ...
... Numerical mantle convection models of subduction zones (using a composite rheology model including diffusion creep, dislocation creep and a stress limiter) for higher than present-day mantle temperatures show that for potential temperatures of 1525 ◦ C and higher, subduction is eventually stopped by ...
I. Evolution - This Old Earth
... 2. Be able to describe how plate tectonics affected earth’s atmosphere. What is outgassing? 3. Be able to describe the composition of Earth’s first, true, atmosphere and how it evolved to our current atmosphere 4. Be able to describe the evidence behind our understanding of Earth’s early atmosphere ...
... 2. Be able to describe how plate tectonics affected earth’s atmosphere. What is outgassing? 3. Be able to describe the composition of Earth’s first, true, atmosphere and how it evolved to our current atmosphere 4. Be able to describe the evidence behind our understanding of Earth’s early atmosphere ...
No Slide Title
... landmass broke up into smaller landmasses to form the continents, which then drifted to their present locations. (OLD Theory, no longer relevant) • However, some parts of this theory helped to create the current theory of plate tectonics. • First, it explains how the continents seem to fit together ...
... landmass broke up into smaller landmasses to form the continents, which then drifted to their present locations. (OLD Theory, no longer relevant) • However, some parts of this theory helped to create the current theory of plate tectonics. • First, it explains how the continents seem to fit together ...
File
... -The nature of the parent magma determines the composition of the igneous rock it produces. As such, it is important to understand how different types of magma are created! Magma Formation -Magma forms through the melting of solid rock in Earth’s crust and upper mantle due to: 1. Heat: -As we descen ...
... -The nature of the parent magma determines the composition of the igneous rock it produces. As such, it is important to understand how different types of magma are created! Magma Formation -Magma forms through the melting of solid rock in Earth’s crust and upper mantle due to: 1. Heat: -As we descen ...
Plate Tectonics - El Camino College
... convection cells which steadily rub against the bottom of the plates, pushing them slowly away from mid-ocean ridges and towards trenches. However, the plates run into one another, so they resist being moved. Instead of moving, the plates are “squeezed” and “twisted” where they collide. Eventually, ...
... convection cells which steadily rub against the bottom of the plates, pushing them slowly away from mid-ocean ridges and towards trenches. However, the plates run into one another, so they resist being moved. Instead of moving, the plates are “squeezed” and “twisted” where they collide. Eventually, ...
4th Grade Transition – Ms. Haley Jones Week 1.4 September 7
... TTW explain that the shell represents the crust – it is very thin and rigid so it breaks easily, the white represents the mantle, this is the largest part of the Earth’s interior. It is made of rock that is so hot it can flow but only extremely slowly. The mantle is hotter close to the core and cool ...
... TTW explain that the shell represents the crust – it is very thin and rigid so it breaks easily, the white represents the mantle, this is the largest part of the Earth’s interior. It is made of rock that is so hot it can flow but only extremely slowly. The mantle is hotter close to the core and cool ...
Name__________________________________A
... Describe how landforms are created through a combination of destructive (e.g., weathering and erosion) and constructive processes (e.g., crustal deformation, volcanic eruptions and deposition of sediment). Describe the interior structure of Earth and Earth’s crust as divided into tectonic plates rid ...
... Describe how landforms are created through a combination of destructive (e.g., weathering and erosion) and constructive processes (e.g., crustal deformation, volcanic eruptions and deposition of sediment). Describe the interior structure of Earth and Earth’s crust as divided into tectonic plates rid ...
Lesson 4:
... Lesson 3, there are two kinds of crust—oceanic and continental. The lithosphere and the plates are made of these same kinds. A plate can be all oceanic, all continental, or part oceanic and part continental. Therefore, when two plates converge, there are three possible types of convergence. They are ...
... Lesson 3, there are two kinds of crust—oceanic and continental. The lithosphere and the plates are made of these same kinds. A plate can be all oceanic, all continental, or part oceanic and part continental. Therefore, when two plates converge, there are three possible types of convergence. They are ...
Chapter 8 Earthquakes Vibrations of the Earth caused by the
... Elastic-Rebound Hypothesis - The idea that strain builds up in rock until the elastic limit (strength) of the rock is exceeded. The rock then ruptures (fails) at a point, snapping back toward an unstrained position. releasing the elastic energy as seismic waves radiating outward from the break. The ...
... Elastic-Rebound Hypothesis - The idea that strain builds up in rock until the elastic limit (strength) of the rock is exceeded. The rock then ruptures (fails) at a point, snapping back toward an unstrained position. releasing the elastic energy as seismic waves radiating outward from the break. The ...
Word file - FSU GK-12 Contact Information
... 8. Do you think the crust has always been the way it is now? (No) 9. Why do earthquakes occur? Why do volcanoes occur? These are some questions we will try to answer in our study of geology. Exploration Give each student enough clay to make two pancakes and have a little left over. Use the same colo ...
... 8. Do you think the crust has always been the way it is now? (No) 9. Why do earthquakes occur? Why do volcanoes occur? These are some questions we will try to answer in our study of geology. Exploration Give each student enough clay to make two pancakes and have a little left over. Use the same colo ...
The Mantle and its Products
... considered an obstacle to slabs of oceanic lithosphere that had been subducted into the mantle, but evidence from seismic tomography (a technique in which seismic waves can be used to produce three-dimensional images of Earth’s interior) suggests that its role in acting as an impermeable barrier may ...
... considered an obstacle to slabs of oceanic lithosphere that had been subducted into the mantle, but evidence from seismic tomography (a technique in which seismic waves can be used to produce three-dimensional images of Earth’s interior) suggests that its role in acting as an impermeable barrier may ...
Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks
... • Over geologic time these processes first created oceanic crust from ultramafic mantle rocks. In turn, the mafic oceanic crust created felsic continental crust from partial melting of hydrated basalt. Continental crust is less than 1% of earth’s mass, so there isn’t a lot of felsic material in the ...
... • Over geologic time these processes first created oceanic crust from ultramafic mantle rocks. In turn, the mafic oceanic crust created felsic continental crust from partial melting of hydrated basalt. Continental crust is less than 1% of earth’s mass, so there isn’t a lot of felsic material in the ...
PowerPoint プレゼンテーション
... sometimes outwardly expressed in crystal form. Specific Gravity is meant the weight of a substance compared with the weight of an equal volume of water. The specific gravity of quartz is 2.65. Some minerals are heavy than the others. The specific gravity of majority minerals range from 2.55 to 3.2 ...
... sometimes outwardly expressed in crystal form. Specific Gravity is meant the weight of a substance compared with the weight of an equal volume of water. The specific gravity of quartz is 2.65. Some minerals are heavy than the others. The specific gravity of majority minerals range from 2.55 to 3.2 ...
geologic-geomorpho-pedologic relationships
... The formation of our planet has been the subject of investigation since long time. Plate tectonics, which became accepted about 20 years ago, now provides the conceptual framework that allows geologists to understand much about the nature of mountain building and other processes that shape our plane ...
... The formation of our planet has been the subject of investigation since long time. Plate tectonics, which became accepted about 20 years ago, now provides the conceptual framework that allows geologists to understand much about the nature of mountain building and other processes that shape our plane ...
I. Lesson 1: Modeling the Earth--Motion Mock-Ups
... Please note that the “What you have learned” column of the table will be filled out at the end of the lesson. We phrase this as “What you think you know” so that we can accept all knowledge, but come back and check our thinking after research. Some possible answers for the “What you think you know” ...
... Please note that the “What you have learned” column of the table will be filled out at the end of the lesson. We phrase this as “What you think you know” so that we can accept all knowledge, but come back and check our thinking after research. Some possible answers for the “What you think you know” ...
Why is there Lithosphere
... Figure 2. (a) Stress should be applied to the model as indicated by the arrows. (b) If the model works properly and the student stops applying stress as soon as any fracturing occurs, the upper two layers (the cracker + room temperature chocolate bar) should break, but the warm chocolate bar should ...
... Figure 2. (a) Stress should be applied to the model as indicated by the arrows. (b) If the model works properly and the student stops applying stress as soon as any fracturing occurs, the upper two layers (the cracker + room temperature chocolate bar) should break, but the warm chocolate bar should ...
Rheological Effects of Shear Heating on the Earth`s Lithosphere
... A key parameter for lithospheric deformation is the integrated strength, which provides an estimate of the required driving forces. Estimation of the integrated stresses in the final stage of the models (Fig. 2 b and c) shows that NSH and WSH differ significantly. NSH models require integrated stres ...
... A key parameter for lithospheric deformation is the integrated strength, which provides an estimate of the required driving forces. Estimation of the integrated stresses in the final stage of the models (Fig. 2 b and c) shows that NSH and WSH differ significantly. NSH models require integrated stres ...
7.Juan deFuca PCA
... Discovering Plate Boundaries (Rice University) – Guides students in using four types of geologic data (on world maps) to describe different types of plate boundaries. Available at http://terra.rice.edu/plateboundary/home.html Savage Earth (PBS – especially useful are the animations) – Text, imag ...
... Discovering Plate Boundaries (Rice University) – Guides students in using four types of geologic data (on world maps) to describe different types of plate boundaries. Available at http://terra.rice.edu/plateboundary/home.html Savage Earth (PBS – especially useful are the animations) – Text, imag ...
File
... also refract at a certain depth within the core. • At this depth, P-waves show an increase in velocity, indicating higher–density material. • Lehman discovered the inner core. – The core has two parts: a liquid outer core and a solid inner core. ...
... also refract at a certain depth within the core. • At this depth, P-waves show an increase in velocity, indicating higher–density material. • Lehman discovered the inner core. – The core has two parts: a liquid outer core and a solid inner core. ...
Heavy Mineral Characteristics and Their Implication for Provenance
... while analyzing a rich supply of data. Applying a R-type analysis to study the above 18 heavy minerals in the selected 20 rock samples, the accumulated variance percentage of the first 6 factors are found to be over 77.62%. According to the scree plot, the steep slope of the curve begins to become f ...
... while analyzing a rich supply of data. Applying a R-type analysis to study the above 18 heavy minerals in the selected 20 rock samples, the accumulated variance percentage of the first 6 factors are found to be over 77.62%. According to the scree plot, the steep slope of the curve begins to become f ...
The Truth About Alfred Wegner
... down the center of these ridges. Intrigued, Hess reexamined the data from a completely fresh, unorthodox perspective. In 1962, he proposed a groundbreaking hypothesis that proved vitally important in the development of plate tectonic theory. It addressed several geologic puzzles: If the oceans have ...
... down the center of these ridges. Intrigued, Hess reexamined the data from a completely fresh, unorthodox perspective. In 1962, he proposed a groundbreaking hypothesis that proved vitally important in the development of plate tectonic theory. It addressed several geologic puzzles: If the oceans have ...
Age of the Earth
The age of the Earth is 4.54 ± 0.05 billion years (4.54 × 109 years ± 1%). This age is based on evidence from radiometric age dating of meteorite material and is consistent with the radiometric ages of the oldest-known terrestrial and lunar samples.Following the development of radiometric age dating in the early 20th century, measurements of lead in uranium-rich minerals showed that some were in excess of a billion years old.The oldest such minerals analyzed to date—small crystals of zircon from the Jack Hills of Western Australia—are at least 4.404 billion years old. Comparing the mass and luminosity of the Sun to those of other stars, it appears that the Solar System cannot be much older than those rocks. Calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions – the oldest known solid constituents within meteorites that are formed within the Solar System – are 4.567 billion years old, giving an age for the solar system and an upper limit for the age of Earth.It is hypothesised that the accretion of Earth began soon after the formation of the calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions and the meteorites. Because the exact amount of time this accretion process took is not yet known, and the predictions from different accretion models range from a few millions up to about 100 million years, the exact age of Earth is difficult to determine. It is also difficult to determine the exact age of the oldest rocks on Earth, exposed at the surface, as they are aggregates of minerals of possibly different ages.