A Proteomics Approach to Membrane Trafficking1
... izes with the hTfR as well as with FM4-64 internalized for 15 min, suggesting that both Tfn and hTfR enter an endosomal (ARA7, FM4-64 positive) compartment. Treatment with tyrphostin A23, which inhibits the interaction between the YTRF endocytosis motif in the hTfR cytosolic tail and the m2 subunit ...
... izes with the hTfR as well as with FM4-64 internalized for 15 min, suggesting that both Tfn and hTfR enter an endosomal (ARA7, FM4-64 positive) compartment. Treatment with tyrphostin A23, which inhibits the interaction between the YTRF endocytosis motif in the hTfR cytosolic tail and the m2 subunit ...
Levels of protein structure:
... Levels of protein structure (let these notes and the class notes supplement each other). 1. Primary structure. This is the amino acid sequence. Amino acids (a.a.) are covalently bonded (one to the next) via dehydration synthesis, involving the carboxyl group of one a.a and the amino group of the nex ...
... Levels of protein structure (let these notes and the class notes supplement each other). 1. Primary structure. This is the amino acid sequence. Amino acids (a.a.) are covalently bonded (one to the next) via dehydration synthesis, involving the carboxyl group of one a.a and the amino group of the nex ...
File
... • Topogenic sequences—N-terminal signal sequences, internal stop-transfer anchor sequences, and internal signal-anchor sequences—direct the insertion of nascent proteins into the ER membrane. • Membrane protein topology can be predicted by computer programs that identify hydrophobic topogenic segmen ...
... • Topogenic sequences—N-terminal signal sequences, internal stop-transfer anchor sequences, and internal signal-anchor sequences—direct the insertion of nascent proteins into the ER membrane. • Membrane protein topology can be predicted by computer programs that identify hydrophobic topogenic segmen ...
Chemokines
... to the vast family of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs): seven transmembrane receptors which bind extracellular ligands and consequently initiate intracellular signalling. When a chemokine binds its receptor a calcium signalling cascade is created, resulting in the activation of small GTPases. Thi ...
... to the vast family of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs): seven transmembrane receptors which bind extracellular ligands and consequently initiate intracellular signalling. When a chemokine binds its receptor a calcium signalling cascade is created, resulting in the activation of small GTPases. Thi ...
Learning Objectives handouts
... 2. Distinguish between monomers and polymers. 3. Draw diagrams to illustrate condensation and hydrolysis reactions. Carbohydrates Serve as Fuel and Building Material 4. Distinguish between monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. 5. Describe the formation of a glycosidic linkage. 6. Dist ...
... 2. Distinguish between monomers and polymers. 3. Draw diagrams to illustrate condensation and hydrolysis reactions. Carbohydrates Serve as Fuel and Building Material 4. Distinguish between monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. 5. Describe the formation of a glycosidic linkage. 6. Dist ...
Principles of Protein Structure
... α Helix • If N-terminus is at bottom, then all peptide N-H bonds point “down” and all peptide C=O bonds point “up”. • N-H of residue n is H-bonded to C=O of residue n+4. • a-Helix has: ...
... α Helix • If N-terminus is at bottom, then all peptide N-H bonds point “down” and all peptide C=O bonds point “up”. • N-H of residue n is H-bonded to C=O of residue n+4. • a-Helix has: ...
Plasma membrane Affect shape and function Anchor protein to the
... bilayer enriched with PC in the exoplasmic leaflet and with PE in the cytoplasmic face would cause the ...
... bilayer enriched with PC in the exoplasmic leaflet and with PE in the cytoplasmic face would cause the ...
Slide
... • Protein Folding is the process by which a sequence of amino acids conforms to a three-dimensional shape. • Anfinsen’s hypothesis suggests that proteins fold to a minimum energy state. • So, our goal is to find a conformation with minimum energy. • We want to investigate algorithmic aspects of simu ...
... • Protein Folding is the process by which a sequence of amino acids conforms to a three-dimensional shape. • Anfinsen’s hypothesis suggests that proteins fold to a minimum energy state. • So, our goal is to find a conformation with minimum energy. • We want to investigate algorithmic aspects of simu ...
Extracellular Macromolecules
... one kind of post-translational modification others: phosphorylation carboxylation ...
... one kind of post-translational modification others: phosphorylation carboxylation ...
Neuron Structure and Function
... • In other animals sugars also appear to bind to receptors that stimulate G proteins (Gs) that activate adenylate cyclase • This results in an increase in cAMP in the cell that activates a protein kinase (PKA) which in turn phosphorylates a K+ channel to close the channel • Once the K+ channel is cl ...
... • In other animals sugars also appear to bind to receptors that stimulate G proteins (Gs) that activate adenylate cyclase • This results in an increase in cAMP in the cell that activates a protein kinase (PKA) which in turn phosphorylates a K+ channel to close the channel • Once the K+ channel is cl ...
Protein Biosynthesis
... 1. Isoprenyl proteins include the ras proteins and many of the other small Gproteins, the γ-subunits of the large G-proteins, some of the nuclear lamins, the retinal cGMP Phosphodiesterase, and several fungal mating pheromones. 2. Many isoprenyl proteins function in signal transduction processes acr ...
... 1. Isoprenyl proteins include the ras proteins and many of the other small Gproteins, the γ-subunits of the large G-proteins, some of the nuclear lamins, the retinal cGMP Phosphodiesterase, and several fungal mating pheromones. 2. Many isoprenyl proteins function in signal transduction processes acr ...
Document
... • Products for secretion, transmembrane proteins, and import into Golgi/ER/Secretory granules – Preproinsulin (secreted) – Prealbumin (secreted) – Preproinsulin receptor beta subunit (transmembrane) – The pre refers to the signal peptide • A signal peptide pre sequence at the amino terminus of a pro ...
... • Products for secretion, transmembrane proteins, and import into Golgi/ER/Secretory granules – Preproinsulin (secreted) – Prealbumin (secreted) – Preproinsulin receptor beta subunit (transmembrane) – The pre refers to the signal peptide • A signal peptide pre sequence at the amino terminus of a pro ...
Topic 2.4 Proteins Study Guide Amino acids are linked together by
... Amino acids are linked together by condensation to form polypeptides. There are 20 different amino acids in polypeptides synthesized on ribosomes. Amino acids can be linked together in any sequence giving a huge range of possible polypeptides. The amino acid sequence of polypeptides is coded for by ...
... Amino acids are linked together by condensation to form polypeptides. There are 20 different amino acids in polypeptides synthesized on ribosomes. Amino acids can be linked together in any sequence giving a huge range of possible polypeptides. The amino acid sequence of polypeptides is coded for by ...
Stewart - University of Colorado
... SP receptors are coupled to GTP-binding proteins (G-proteins) for action. There are 2 receptors for SP in the CNS: NK-1 and SP-N receptors. NK-1 receptors bind SP(5-11) (SP-C) and shorter C-terminal fragments SP-N receptors bind SP(1-7) (SP-N) The SP active fragments are produced by specific enzymes ...
... SP receptors are coupled to GTP-binding proteins (G-proteins) for action. There are 2 receptors for SP in the CNS: NK-1 and SP-N receptors. NK-1 receptors bind SP(5-11) (SP-C) and shorter C-terminal fragments SP-N receptors bind SP(1-7) (SP-N) The SP active fragments are produced by specific enzymes ...
chapter 7 membranes
... with proteins immersed throughout For different functions, membranes differ in composition In animals, cholesterol helps stabilize membrane by restraining movement of phospholipids and lowers temperature required for membrane to solidify Selective permeability – some substances cross more easi ...
... with proteins immersed throughout For different functions, membranes differ in composition In animals, cholesterol helps stabilize membrane by restraining movement of phospholipids and lowers temperature required for membrane to solidify Selective permeability – some substances cross more easi ...
Beta sheets are twisted
... loop regions connecting alpha-helical segments can have important functions e.g. EF-hand and DNA-binding EF hand loop ~ 12 residues polar and hydrophobic a.a. conserved positions Glycine is invariant at the sixth position The calcium ion is octahedrally coordinated by carboxyl side chains, main chai ...
... loop regions connecting alpha-helical segments can have important functions e.g. EF-hand and DNA-binding EF hand loop ~ 12 residues polar and hydrophobic a.a. conserved positions Glycine is invariant at the sixth position The calcium ion is octahedrally coordinated by carboxyl side chains, main chai ...
Growth arrest-specific gene 6 (GAS6)
... human GAS6 or bovine protein S to activate Tyro3, is still in the range of the physiological plasma concentration of protein S, around 350 nM (32). In human plasma almost 60% of protein S is bound to the complement regulatory factor C4BP through the LamG domains (33), the same modules implicated in ...
... human GAS6 or bovine protein S to activate Tyro3, is still in the range of the physiological plasma concentration of protein S, around 350 nM (32). In human plasma almost 60% of protein S is bound to the complement regulatory factor C4BP through the LamG domains (33), the same modules implicated in ...
Proposta di ricerca: Introduction Ever since the observation that
... Ever since the observation that different concentrations of different salts are required to precipitate a given protein [1] attempts have been made to provide a theoretical foundation for the phenomenon (see the comprehensive reviews of Lo Nostro and Ninham. [2], Collins and Washabaugh [3] and Cacac ...
... Ever since the observation that different concentrations of different salts are required to precipitate a given protein [1] attempts have been made to provide a theoretical foundation for the phenomenon (see the comprehensive reviews of Lo Nostro and Ninham. [2], Collins and Washabaugh [3] and Cacac ...
Glycolipids and Glyc..
... an aliphatic amino acid and X any C-terminal amino acid. Many cytoplasmic proteins associated with cell surface receptors are linked by palmitoyl chains to the membrane. Often, deacylation inactivates the proteins because they are now released from the membrane. G-proteins and kinases are thought to ...
... an aliphatic amino acid and X any C-terminal amino acid. Many cytoplasmic proteins associated with cell surface receptors are linked by palmitoyl chains to the membrane. Often, deacylation inactivates the proteins because they are now released from the membrane. G-proteins and kinases are thought to ...
Chapter 17 (part 2) - University of Nevada, Reno
... • Highly conserved among all Eukaryotes. • When covalently attached to a protein, ubiquitin marks that protein for destruction ...
... • Highly conserved among all Eukaryotes. • When covalently attached to a protein, ubiquitin marks that protein for destruction ...
Lect20.ProteinSynthesis
... in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, but mechanisms of initiation are fundamentally different Translation of eukaryotic mRNAs can be regulated at the step of initiation by multiple mechanisms Secreted and membrane-spanning proteins are co-translationally delivered across membranes by “translocons” guided ...
... in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, but mechanisms of initiation are fundamentally different Translation of eukaryotic mRNAs can be regulated at the step of initiation by multiple mechanisms Secreted and membrane-spanning proteins are co-translationally delivered across membranes by “translocons” guided ...
Computational Structural Genomics of a Complete Minimal Organism
... functions. The structure is also important for acquiring a detailed understanding of enzymatic catalysis and interaction with small molecule ligands and other proteins. More generally, knowledge of an increasingly complete repertoire of protein structures will aid structure prediction methods, impro ...
... functions. The structure is also important for acquiring a detailed understanding of enzymatic catalysis and interaction with small molecule ligands and other proteins. More generally, knowledge of an increasingly complete repertoire of protein structures will aid structure prediction methods, impro ...
DLS-Characterisation of protein melting point
... melting point Proteins are composed of polypeptide chains, synthesized within the cell from a pool of 20 different amino acid types. In contrast to manmade and random coil biological polymers, the protein’s polypeptide chains are folded into unique 3-dimensional structures in the natured state. Thes ...
... melting point Proteins are composed of polypeptide chains, synthesized within the cell from a pool of 20 different amino acid types. In contrast to manmade and random coil biological polymers, the protein’s polypeptide chains are folded into unique 3-dimensional structures in the natured state. Thes ...
Chemical biology beyond binary codes
... interaction is between one of the `effector' loops (necessary for binding to the FK506^FKBP12 target calcineurin) and the FK506 binding site [1]. The FKBP-Met36 mutant could be used in an alternative, negative dimerization system, complementary to the FK1012 induced dimerizer FKBP12. So for instance ...
... interaction is between one of the `effector' loops (necessary for binding to the FK506^FKBP12 target calcineurin) and the FK506 binding site [1]. The FKBP-Met36 mutant could be used in an alternative, negative dimerization system, complementary to the FK1012 induced dimerizer FKBP12. So for instance ...
G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. Coupling with G proteins, they are called seven-transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.G protein–coupled receptors are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, and animals. The ligands that bind and activate these receptors include light-sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and vary in size from small molecules to peptides to large proteins. G protein–coupled receptors are involved in many diseases, and are also the target of approximately 40% of all modern medicinal drugs. Two of the United States's top five selling drugs (Hydrocodone and Lisinopril) act by targeting a G protein–coupled receptor. The 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Brian Kobilka and Robert Lefkowitz for their work that was ""crucial for understanding how G protein–coupled receptors function."". There have been at least seven other Nobel Prizes awarded for some aspect of G protein–mediated signaling.There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G protein–coupled receptors: the cAMP signal pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway. When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). The GPCR can then activate an associated G protein by exchanging its bound GDP for a GTP. The G protein's α subunit, together with the bound GTP, can then dissociate from the β and γ subunits to further affect intracellular signaling proteins or target functional proteins directly depending on the α subunit type (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, Gα12/13).