How the Earth Was Made: The Deepest Place on Earth
... How the Earth Was Made: The Deepest Place on Earth Video Questions Name: ___________________________ Period: ______ Date: _________________________ 1. How did the HMS Challenger originally measure the depth of the ocean at 4,475 fathoms near the Marianas Trench? If there are 6 feet to every fathom, ...
... How the Earth Was Made: The Deepest Place on Earth Video Questions Name: ___________________________ Period: ______ Date: _________________________ 1. How did the HMS Challenger originally measure the depth of the ocean at 4,475 fathoms near the Marianas Trench? If there are 6 feet to every fathom, ...
Mass balance related to UHP metamorphism in subduction zones
... The H2O recycling rate through subduction volcanoes (75-65 %) has to be complemented by ridge and plume volcanism, the higher recycling rate leads to reasonable concentrations in MORB (0.27 wt% H2O, compare to 0.2-0.4 wt% from geochemistry) and plume basalts (1.1% H2O, compare to 0.6-1.0 wt% from ge ...
... The H2O recycling rate through subduction volcanoes (75-65 %) has to be complemented by ridge and plume volcanism, the higher recycling rate leads to reasonable concentrations in MORB (0.27 wt% H2O, compare to 0.2-0.4 wt% from geochemistry) and plume basalts (1.1% H2O, compare to 0.6-1.0 wt% from ge ...
Global Kinematics in the Deep Vs Shallow
... to the reference frame are those located within plate. For a compelling petrological, geophysical and kinematic analysis on the shallow origin of plumes see Foulger et al. (2005). In this book a number of data are presented that support a shallow source depth for hotspots (upper mantle, asthenospher ...
... to the reference frame are those located within plate. For a compelling petrological, geophysical and kinematic analysis on the shallow origin of plumes see Foulger et al. (2005). In this book a number of data are presented that support a shallow source depth for hotspots (upper mantle, asthenospher ...
Mantle plumes, plumes and “plumes”: do we
... 4. Oceanic island basalts are enriched in incompatible elements compared with depleted mid-oceanic ridge basalts, hence source is primitive in composition (Earth’s lower mantle); 5. Hot spots lie atop of localized thermal upwellings referred to as plumes; 6. Plumes represent the major part of uprais ...
... 4. Oceanic island basalts are enriched in incompatible elements compared with depleted mid-oceanic ridge basalts, hence source is primitive in composition (Earth’s lower mantle); 5. Hot spots lie atop of localized thermal upwellings referred to as plumes; 6. Plumes represent the major part of uprais ...
Igneous Intrusive Powerpoint Notes
... Heat upward (by conduction and convection) from the very hot (>5000°C) core through the mantle and crust Rate at which temperature increases with increasing depth beneath the surface is the geothermal gradient ...
... Heat upward (by conduction and convection) from the very hot (>5000°C) core through the mantle and crust Rate at which temperature increases with increasing depth beneath the surface is the geothermal gradient ...
Minerals are valuable resources.
... molten rock inside Earth—contains all the types of atoms that are found in minerals. As magma cools, the atoms join together to form different minerals. Minerals also form as lava cools. Lava is molten rock that has reached Earth’s surface. Quartz is one of the many minerals that crystallize from ma ...
... molten rock inside Earth—contains all the types of atoms that are found in minerals. As magma cools, the atoms join together to form different minerals. Minerals also form as lava cools. Lava is molten rock that has reached Earth’s surface. Quartz is one of the many minerals that crystallize from ma ...
Earth Science Jeopardy
... When plates moves together on continents & crust is lifted up we get _______ like the Himalayas ...
... When plates moves together on continents & crust is lifted up we get _______ like the Himalayas ...
Omarini, Ricardo H., Massimo Gasparon, Angelo
... corresponding to the "fossil" Tristan da Cunha plume (tdc) that had moved with the lithospheric plate. In contrast, Liu et al. (2003) suggested that the thermal anomaly does not extend into the mtz or, alternatively, that the observed anomaly is not primarily thermal, but dominantly compositional in ...
... corresponding to the "fossil" Tristan da Cunha plume (tdc) that had moved with the lithospheric plate. In contrast, Liu et al. (2003) suggested that the thermal anomaly does not extend into the mtz or, alternatively, that the observed anomaly is not primarily thermal, but dominantly compositional in ...
Ultraslow, slow, or fast spreading ridges
... Oceanic spreading rates are highly variable, and these variations are known to correlate to a variety of surface observables, like magmatic production, heat flow or bathymetry. This correlation lead to classify ridges into fast and slow spreading ridges, but also into the more peculiar ultraslow spre ...
... Oceanic spreading rates are highly variable, and these variations are known to correlate to a variety of surface observables, like magmatic production, heat flow or bathymetry. This correlation lead to classify ridges into fast and slow spreading ridges, but also into the more peculiar ultraslow spre ...
GEOL 1e Lecture Outlines
... features of the continental margins. The vertical dimensions of the features in this profile are greatly exaggerated, because the vertical and horizontal scales differ. ...
... features of the continental margins. The vertical dimensions of the features in this profile are greatly exaggerated, because the vertical and horizontal scales differ. ...
Sea Floor Spreading powerpoint
... sound waves. The time it takes for the echo to arrive indicates the distance to the object. ...
... sound waves. The time it takes for the echo to arrive indicates the distance to the object. ...
The Composition of the Continental Crust
... on Earth occurs in continental crust Shuttle view of granite ...
... on Earth occurs in continental crust Shuttle view of granite ...
Practice Exam #5 - El Camino College
... 1. Compared to the surface of the ocean, are there lots of animals or very few animals life in most parts of the deep ocean? Why are animals more abundant or less abundant in the deep ocean? (Circle 1 answer.) ● More animals than the surface, because deep water is rich in nutrients. ● More animals t ...
... 1. Compared to the surface of the ocean, are there lots of animals or very few animals life in most parts of the deep ocean? Why are animals more abundant or less abundant in the deep ocean? (Circle 1 answer.) ● More animals than the surface, because deep water is rich in nutrients. ● More animals t ...
Sea-Floor Spreading - Moore Middle School PTSA
... sound waves. The time it takes for the echo to arrive indicates the distance to the object. ...
... sound waves. The time it takes for the echo to arrive indicates the distance to the object. ...
Overview: Targeted Alaska Grade Level Expectations
... Earth’s crust and the top of Earth’s mantle form a solid layer called the lithosphere. Below this layer, lies the asthenosphere, which is soft and jelly-like. The convection currents within this layer cause the lithosphere to break into plates and slide along the surface of the asthenosphere. Plate ...
... Earth’s crust and the top of Earth’s mantle form a solid layer called the lithosphere. Below this layer, lies the asthenosphere, which is soft and jelly-like. The convection currents within this layer cause the lithosphere to break into plates and slide along the surface of the asthenosphere. Plate ...
origin of tsunami
... earthquake. Both the earthquakes and the tsunamis are inevitable evils, which the mankind has to learn to live with. An earthquake is a sudden movement of the ground that releases elastic energy stored in rocks that generates seismic waves. If such a failure of considerably higher magnitude takes pl ...
... earthquake. Both the earthquakes and the tsunamis are inevitable evils, which the mankind has to learn to live with. An earthquake is a sudden movement of the ground that releases elastic energy stored in rocks that generates seismic waves. If such a failure of considerably higher magnitude takes pl ...
Ex. East Coast including North Carolina Piedmont
... gas it contains and whether it is felsic or mafic) controls the explosivity of the volcano. This too is controlled by plate tectonics. Spreading centers and hot spots have lower hazard potential than volcanoes at converging boundaries. Why do we have different kinds of magma? 1) Source material - sp ...
... gas it contains and whether it is felsic or mafic) controls the explosivity of the volcano. This too is controlled by plate tectonics. Spreading centers and hot spots have lower hazard potential than volcanoes at converging boundaries. Why do we have different kinds of magma? 1) Source material - sp ...
Chapter 5: Geomagnetism
... 5.1 Introduction . Geomagnetism or the study of Earth’s magnetic field has a long history and has revealed much about the way the Earth works. As we shall see, the existence and characteristics of the field essentially demand that the core be made of electrically conducting material, that is convect ...
... 5.1 Introduction . Geomagnetism or the study of Earth’s magnetic field has a long history and has revealed much about the way the Earth works. As we shall see, the existence and characteristics of the field essentially demand that the core be made of electrically conducting material, that is convect ...
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U72015 [1018443]
... America (Paraná Basin) and in the northwest of the USA (Washington and Oregon). Most volcanoes are largely or entirely made of basalt. Even on the moon there are extensive lava fields, such as the Mare Imbrium which covers an area of about 200,000 km². ...
... America (Paraná Basin) and in the northwest of the USA (Washington and Oregon). Most volcanoes are largely or entirely made of basalt. Even on the moon there are extensive lava fields, such as the Mare Imbrium which covers an area of about 200,000 km². ...
Weathering and Soil fill
... 2. Earth’s surface is heated and radiates long-wave infrared radiation. 3. CO2, water vapor, and methane in the atmosphere absorb some of the terrestrial long-wave. radiation. a. While there is relatively little CO2 in Earth’s atmosphere, it’s enough to keep most of the surface above freezing, but n ...
... 2. Earth’s surface is heated and radiates long-wave infrared radiation. 3. CO2, water vapor, and methane in the atmosphere absorb some of the terrestrial long-wave. radiation. a. While there is relatively little CO2 in Earth’s atmosphere, it’s enough to keep most of the surface above freezing, but n ...
Lesson Plans
... What do you understand by the magnitude, epicentre and focus of an earthquake? The key points to be looking for in the feedback are: An earthquake is a sudden movement of the earth’s surface. An earthquake occurs where the tectonic plates forming the earth's surface meet (at plate margins). The plat ...
... What do you understand by the magnitude, epicentre and focus of an earthquake? The key points to be looking for in the feedback are: An earthquake is a sudden movement of the earth’s surface. An earthquake occurs where the tectonic plates forming the earth's surface meet (at plate margins). The plat ...
Slide 1
... Italian peninsula is almost parallel to the convergence direction between Africa and Eurasia. There is considerable earthquake activity along the Apennines BUT Earthquakes are concentrated beneath the mountains and descend to the depth of ~ 100 km. ...
... Italian peninsula is almost parallel to the convergence direction between Africa and Eurasia. There is considerable earthquake activity along the Apennines BUT Earthquakes are concentrated beneath the mountains and descend to the depth of ~ 100 km. ...
Plate-Boundaries-Notes
... _____________________________________ o _____________________________________ _____________________________________ o _____________________________________ ...
... _____________________________________ o _____________________________________ _____________________________________ o _____________________________________ ...
oceanic crust
... from impacts by icy comets) condensed and collected in the deep ocean basins • As water collected, it dissolved minerals and salts within the rocks forming sea water • After only 20 million years of rain, the oceans were born! ...
... from impacts by icy comets) condensed and collected in the deep ocean basins • As water collected, it dissolved minerals and salts within the rocks forming sea water • After only 20 million years of rain, the oceans were born! ...
Archean Geodynamics and the Thermal Evolution of Earth
... past needs to move more slowly to become negatively buoyant by thermal contraction and also needs to be strong enough to support resulting thermal boundary layer. The concept of many small plates covering Archean ocean basins is thus physically implausible. As a consequence of reduced heat flux in t ...
... past needs to move more slowly to become negatively buoyant by thermal contraction and also needs to be strong enough to support resulting thermal boundary layer. The concept of many small plates covering Archean ocean basins is thus physically implausible. As a consequence of reduced heat flux in t ...
Geophysics
Geophysics /dʒiːoʊfɪzɪks/ is a subject of natural science concerned with the physical processes and physical properties of the Earth and its surrounding space environment, and the use of quantitative methods for their analysis. The term geophysics sometimes refers only to the geological applications: Earth's shape; its gravitational and magnetic fields; its internal structure and composition; its dynamics and their surface expression in plate tectonics, the generation of magmas, volcanism and rock formation. However, modern geophysics organizations use a broader definition that includes the water cycle including snow and ice; fluid dynamics of the oceans and the atmosphere; electricity and magnetism in the ionosphere and magnetosphere and solar-terrestrial relations; and analogous problems associated with the Moon and other planets.Although geophysics was only recognized as a separate discipline in the 19th century, its origins go back to ancient times. The first magnetic compasses were made from lodestones, while more modern magnetic compasses played an important role in the history of navigation. The first seismic instrument was built in 132 BC. Isaac Newton applied his theory of mechanics to the tides and the precession of the equinox; and instruments were developed to measure the Earth's shape, density and gravity field, as well as the components of the water cycle. In the 20th century, geophysical methods were developed for remote exploration of the solid Earth and the ocean, and geophysics played an essential role in the development of the theory of plate tectonics.Geophysics is applied to societal needs, such as mineral resources, mitigation of natural hazards and environmental protection. Geophysical survey data are used to analyze potential petroleum reservoirs and mineral deposits, locate groundwater, find archaeological relics, determine the thickness of glaciers and soils, and assess sites for environmental remediation.