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pssa questions- plate tectonics and earthquakes
pssa questions- plate tectonics and earthquakes

... 1. Alfred Wegener’s Theory of Continental Drift was not widely accepted because he could not say what force(s) could be large enough to move continents. Current theoris explain movement with a. asteroids hitting the earth b. hot spots forming on continents c. magnetic reversals of the north and sout ...
Reference Frames
Reference Frames

Geography and Society – First Discussions
Geography and Society – First Discussions

... zones, and spreading centers in terms of their rock composition, volcano type, magma viscosity, and danger. List and discuss at least three of the hazards associated with volcanoes. Relate the benefits associated with volcanoes and volcanism. Discuss which areas of the United States are at most risk ...
The Rock and Minerals of the Earth*s Crust
The Rock and Minerals of the Earth*s Crust

...  Seldom contain old, natural gas, or coal because the materials would be burnt up due to the immense heat and pressure put on these rocks  Metal are found in these rocks due to the minerals that igneous rocks possess before being exposed to the elements ...
Atomic Spectra
Atomic Spectra

The Theory of Tectonic Plates
The Theory of Tectonic Plates

... evidence that Wegener used to support the idea of Pangaea. ...
APES Chapter 10
APES Chapter 10

... movement of the plates and the processes that occur at their boundaries (developed from the continental drift ...
plate boundary
plate boundary

... classmates presentations will help you answer this.) Why or why not? No, not all convergent and divergent boundaries look the same. Convergent boundaries can create mountains, volcanoes, or islands depending on the type of crust that is converging. Divergent boundaries can create mid-ocean ridges in ...
Interactive Plate Tectonics - Fredericksburg City Schools
Interactive Plate Tectonics - Fredericksburg City Schools

... 50-40 million years ago ...
Geology Lab Write-up for Next Week`s Lab
Geology Lab Write-up for Next Week`s Lab

... A mystery concerning water on Mars is "Where did it go?" Some water probably seeped into the ground and is frozen there today as ice, and some likely escaped into space over time. Moreover, the polar caps contain some water ice. Mars, like the Earth, has seasons. The polar caps shrink during local ...
Venus Surface Geochemistry
Venus Surface Geochemistry

... Volcanic plains (NASA/JPL) ...
GEOLOGY FOR MINING ENGINEERS
GEOLOGY FOR MINING ENGINEERS

... Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A few rocks, such as limestone, contain only a  single mineral (calcite). Other rocks, such as granite, are made of several different minerals. Mineral is defined as a naturally occuring, solid crystalline substance, generally inorganic with a specific chem ...
The Theory of Tectonic Plates
The Theory of Tectonic Plates

... The Theory of Plate Tectonics The Earth’s lithosphere (crust and upper mantle) is divided into tectonic plates.  These plates move on top of the asthenosphere (lower mantle).  We know that these plates move in different ways. ...
Lesson Plan - ScienceA2Z.com
Lesson Plan - ScienceA2Z.com

... process of radioactive decay, slowly and steadily transforming, molecule by molecule, into a different isotope. This rate of decay is constant for a given isotope, and the time it takes for one-half of a particular isotope to decay is its radioactive half-life. For example, about 1.5 percent of a qu ...
Theory of Plate Tectonics
Theory of Plate Tectonics

... • The lithosphere is broken into separate sections called plates • The theory of plate tectonics states that the pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in constant slow motion driven by convection currents in the mantle. • No plate can move without affecting the other plates. As plates move, they change ...
The Expanding Pacific
The Expanding Pacific

Forces that Shape Earth
Forces that Shape Earth

... magma, comes to the surface magma – molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases and water from the mantle; when magma reaches Earth’s surface it is called lava At plate boundaries the crust often fractures due to the diverging (pulling) or converging (pushing) plates. As a result, these fractur ...
PHYSICAL GEOLOGY LECTURE NOTES, PAGE I. Introduction
PHYSICAL GEOLOGY LECTURE NOTES, PAGE I. Introduction

... mineral deposit found fairly close to the Earth's surface; usually discard waste material in Spoils Piles/Tailings; includes Open Pit Mining (dig holes to remove sand and gravel, building stone, iron, copper, etc.), Dredging (use draglines and chain buckets to scrape up surface deposits covered with ...
Chapter 18 – The Ocean Floor Outline (NOTE NEW CHAPTER TITLE)
Chapter 18 – The Ocean Floor Outline (NOTE NEW CHAPTER TITLE)

... 2. Many form near oceanic ridges 3. May emerge as an island 4. May sink and form flat-topped seamounts called guyots or tablemounts D. Mid-ocean ridge 1. Characterized by a. An elevated position b. Extensive faulting c. Numerous volcanic structures that have developed on newly formed crust 2. Interc ...
Integrated Geophysical Modeling of Lithospheric Structure Across
Integrated Geophysical Modeling of Lithospheric Structure Across

... Refraction/WAR Experiment AMOCO Research Crew 21 large shots ...
Lesson 2 Power Point - Plain Local Schools
Lesson 2 Power Point - Plain Local Schools

... Igneous rocks are formed from magma (Arizona, 2007). “The two main types of igneous rocks are plutonic and volcanic. Plutonic rocks are formed when magma cools and solidifies underground. ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Summary answers 1 a They reacted a mixture of water, ammonia, methane and hydrogen to model the early atmosphere. To produce the energy needed for reactions to take place they used a high voltage. They kept the experiment going for a week, then analysed the mixture of new compounds formed. b C – It ...
Earth, Sun, & Moon PBL
Earth, Sun, & Moon PBL

... 1) What are the layers of Earth? 2) What temperature does the core of the Earth reach? 3) Describe the inner core and the outer core. 4) How thick is the mantle? 5) What is the temperature of the mantle? 6) What is the surface and crust composed of? 7) What is the crust divided into? 8) How do the p ...
Lab 9 Pre-Lab Desert Video Exercise
Lab 9 Pre-Lab Desert Video Exercise

... 5. True or False – the rate of precipitation is greater than the rate of evaporation in desert regions. 6. At what latitudes does the most direct solar radiation strike the Earth’s surface at a high angle of incidence? ...
Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics

... • Continents "drifted" to present positions • Continents "broke" through the ocean crust ...
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Geophysics



Geophysics /dʒiːoʊfɪzɪks/ is a subject of natural science concerned with the physical processes and physical properties of the Earth and its surrounding space environment, and the use of quantitative methods for their analysis. The term geophysics sometimes refers only to the geological applications: Earth's shape; its gravitational and magnetic fields; its internal structure and composition; its dynamics and their surface expression in plate tectonics, the generation of magmas, volcanism and rock formation. However, modern geophysics organizations use a broader definition that includes the water cycle including snow and ice; fluid dynamics of the oceans and the atmosphere; electricity and magnetism in the ionosphere and magnetosphere and solar-terrestrial relations; and analogous problems associated with the Moon and other planets.Although geophysics was only recognized as a separate discipline in the 19th century, its origins go back to ancient times. The first magnetic compasses were made from lodestones, while more modern magnetic compasses played an important role in the history of navigation. The first seismic instrument was built in 132 BC. Isaac Newton applied his theory of mechanics to the tides and the precession of the equinox; and instruments were developed to measure the Earth's shape, density and gravity field, as well as the components of the water cycle. In the 20th century, geophysical methods were developed for remote exploration of the solid Earth and the ocean, and geophysics played an essential role in the development of the theory of plate tectonics.Geophysics is applied to societal needs, such as mineral resources, mitigation of natural hazards and environmental protection. Geophysical survey data are used to analyze potential petroleum reservoirs and mineral deposits, locate groundwater, find archaeological relics, determine the thickness of glaciers and soils, and assess sites for environmental remediation.
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