
AREA IN
... ably, there is no other area in the Trondheim region, at any rate not in the southern and central part, which display so low-grade meta morphism. The occurrence of several fossil horizons through a greater part of the series of strata in the area is evidently conditioned by this Iow-grade metamorph ...
... ably, there is no other area in the Trondheim region, at any rate not in the southern and central part, which display so low-grade meta morphism. The occurrence of several fossil horizons through a greater part of the series of strata in the area is evidently conditioned by this Iow-grade metamorph ...
−−Loose to very well consolidated gravel, sand,
... reported by Sarna−Wojcicki (1976) to be 1.5+0.8 m.y. old, but more recent work by Sarna−Wojcicki and others (1991) indicates that the formation contains ash both about 435,000 and 740,000 years old. Merced Formation is about 1525 m thick in the sea cliffS north of Mussel Rock −−Predominantly gray an ...
... reported by Sarna−Wojcicki (1976) to be 1.5+0.8 m.y. old, but more recent work by Sarna−Wojcicki and others (1991) indicates that the formation contains ash both about 435,000 and 740,000 years old. Merced Formation is about 1525 m thick in the sea cliffS north of Mussel Rock −−Predominantly gray an ...
Excursion Guidebook
... today, it dominates the new tall buildings. According to an Estonian epic, the Kalevipoeg (Son of Kalev), Toompea is the tomb of Kalev, the ruler of the Old Estonians, of stones heaped up by his widow Linda. ...
... today, it dominates the new tall buildings. According to an Estonian epic, the Kalevipoeg (Son of Kalev), Toompea is the tomb of Kalev, the ruler of the Old Estonians, of stones heaped up by his widow Linda. ...
Coal, oil shale and petroleum
... vitrinite (medium grey) and inertinite (very bright, light-grey); B: Vitrinite and thin streaks of inertinite (light grey color); C: Inertinite (semifusinite) and vireinite: D: Liptinite consisting of compressed microspores, vitrinite and inertinite (semifusinite, the very light layer). ...
... vitrinite (medium grey) and inertinite (very bright, light-grey); B: Vitrinite and thin streaks of inertinite (light grey color); C: Inertinite (semifusinite) and vireinite: D: Liptinite consisting of compressed microspores, vitrinite and inertinite (semifusinite, the very light layer). ...
Reservoirs and Production
... Teacher Information: Read to pupils from Oil and Natural Gas, pages 24-45: ‘When oil companies drill for oil, they look for oil traps. These are places where oil collects underground after seeping up through the surrounding rocks. This slow seepage, called migration, begins soon after liquid oil fir ...
... Teacher Information: Read to pupils from Oil and Natural Gas, pages 24-45: ‘When oil companies drill for oil, they look for oil traps. These are places where oil collects underground after seeping up through the surrounding rocks. This slow seepage, called migration, begins soon after liquid oil fir ...
Mudstone and shale
... Clay minerals Primary sheet silicates (phyllosilicates) are composed of alternating sheets of silica-oxygen tetrahedral (brucite) and/or alumina-hydroxyl octahedral (gibbsite). These combine to make “open faced” and “close faced” sandwiches of clay layers. Primary groups of clay minerals are ...
... Clay minerals Primary sheet silicates (phyllosilicates) are composed of alternating sheets of silica-oxygen tetrahedral (brucite) and/or alumina-hydroxyl octahedral (gibbsite). These combine to make “open faced” and “close faced” sandwiches of clay layers. Primary groups of clay minerals are ...
22Feb05_lec
... Clay minerals Primary sheet silicates (phyllosilicates) are composed of alternating sheets of silica-oxygen tetrahedral (brucite) and/or alumina-hydroxyl octahedral (gibbsite). These combine to make “open faced” and “close faced” sandwiches of clay layers. Primary groups of clay minerals are ...
... Clay minerals Primary sheet silicates (phyllosilicates) are composed of alternating sheets of silica-oxygen tetrahedral (brucite) and/or alumina-hydroxyl octahedral (gibbsite). These combine to make “open faced” and “close faced” sandwiches of clay layers. Primary groups of clay minerals are ...
Osage Cuestas: Rocks and Minerals
... Douglas, Linn, and Neosho counties contain large amounts of organic matter. Called oil shale, this rock can yield oil when distilled; small slivers can be ignited with a match. Limestone.—Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed mostly of calcite (calcium carbonate, CaCO3), usually deposited in mari ...
... Douglas, Linn, and Neosho counties contain large amounts of organic matter. Called oil shale, this rock can yield oil when distilled; small slivers can be ignited with a match. Limestone.—Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed mostly of calcite (calcium carbonate, CaCO3), usually deposited in mari ...
GEOCHEMICAL CONSTRAINTS FOR DEPOSITIOAL
... organic matter. Type III organic matter was observed occasionally, most likely as oxidation product of algal/bacterial material not terrigenic in origin. Based on that presence of nalkanes with clear even-over-odd carbon predominance, extremely high phytane contents, low pristane/phytane ratios, and ...
... organic matter. Type III organic matter was observed occasionally, most likely as oxidation product of algal/bacterial material not terrigenic in origin. Based on that presence of nalkanes with clear even-over-odd carbon predominance, extremely high phytane contents, low pristane/phytane ratios, and ...
Chapter Two Origin of Crude oil The main origin of crude oil is still
... But organic theories refers to that oil may be formed by the decomposition of organic materials that were parts of the composition of animals bodies that lived in geological ages. Classification of Crude Oil There is no inclusive and satisfying classification. Of the most known classification is whi ...
... But organic theories refers to that oil may be formed by the decomposition of organic materials that were parts of the composition of animals bodies that lived in geological ages. Classification of Crude Oil There is no inclusive and satisfying classification. Of the most known classification is whi ...
Oil shale

Oil shale, also known as kerogen shale, is an organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock containing kerogen (a solid mixture of organic chemical compounds) from which liquid hydrocarbons called shale oil (not to be confused with tight oil—crude oil occurring naturally in shales) can be produced. Shale oil is a substitute for conventional crude oil; however, extracting shale oil from oil shale is more costly than the production of conventional crude oil both financially and in terms of its environmental impact. Deposits of oil shale occur around the world, including major deposits in the United States. Estimates of global deposits range from 4.8 to 5 trillion barrels (760×10^9 to 790×10^9 m3) of oil in place.Heating oil shale to a sufficiently high temperature causes the chemical process of pyrolysis to yield a vapor. Upon cooling the vapor, the liquid shale oil—an unconventional oil—is separated from combustible oil-shale gas (the term shale gas can also refer to gas occurring naturally in shales). Oil shale can also be burned directly in furnaces as a low-grade fuel for power generation and district heating or used as a raw material in chemical and construction-materials processing.Oil shale gains attention as a potential abundant source of oil whenever the price of crude oil rises. At the same time, oil-shale mining and processing raise a number of environmental concerns, such as land use, waste disposal, water use, waste-water management, greenhouse-gas emissions and air pollution. Estonia and China have well-established oil shale industries, and Brazil, Germany, and Russia also utilize oil shale.General composition of oil shales constitutes inorganic matrix, bitumens, and kerogen. Oil shales differ from oil-bearing shales, shale deposits that contain petroleum (tight oil) that is sometimes produced from drilled wells. Examples of oil-bearing shales are the Bakken Formation, Pierre Shale, Niobrara Formation, and Eagle Ford Formation.