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Vm - Veterinary Medicines Directorate
Vm - Veterinary Medicines Directorate

... horses. It states that if a veterinarian recommends the discontinuation of any such drug less than 8 days before racing, he should feel sure that he has catered for all but the most exceptional case! 4.5. Special precautions for use ...
Common Bushfoods of the Hunter 2009-11
Common Bushfoods of the Hunter 2009-11

... are rough and sandpapery. Uses: Aborigines used the leaves to smooth timber for tools, bowls and other useful items. The fruits are edible. Gahnia spp. (Saw Sedges) Large clumping sedges growing mainly along creeklines or next to wetlands. The leaves have very sharp edges which can cut fingers. Uses ...
Mephedrone Information Sheet
Mephedrone Information Sheet

... Possession – up to a Maximum of 5 years imprisonment and/or unlimited fine Supply (selling) – up to a Maximum of 14 years imprisonment and/or unlimited fine The police will treat any white powder or capsule in the same way they do any other illegal substance. The likelihood is that the substance wil ...
A guide to microinvertebrate life g in the leaf litter
A guide to microinvertebrate life g in the leaf litter

... often feed on detritus. This fly larvae has ridges on  its body that help it move about its environment its body that help it move about its environment.   In the Hudson River, midge larva in the genus  Rheotanytarsus spin silk “capture” nets that they  hold out in front of their head capsule to cap ...
Kingdom: ANIMALS
Kingdom: ANIMALS

... - Protostome - mouth develop first then anus or develop at same time - Deuterostome – anus develops first, mouth develops later  Segmentation – affects mesoderm and ectoderm; each segment has own ability to transport fluid  Trocophore larvae – larva different from mature adult ...
Wildlife Attracted by Arrowwood Viburnum Shrubs
Wildlife Attracted by Arrowwood Viburnum Shrubs

... disturbed areas, edges, meadows, etc. Characteristics: Several species are found in Virginia; these range in height from 1-1/2 to 4 feet. The white flowers appear in early spring; the edible fruits appear in mid- to late summer. ...
Flavone and related flavonoid glycosides
Flavone and related flavonoid glycosides

... addition to ascorbic acid and other compounds, provide flavonoids which decrease capillary fragility and are therefore employed in cases of hypertension and radiation energy. • The substance formerly known as ‘citrin’ is now known to be a mixture of the rahmnoglucosides of eriodictyol (a tetrahydrox ...
5-10 Biodiversity Activities
5-10 Biodiversity Activities

... Take students to an area outside the classroom. Ask them to close their eyes and listen to the sounds. After a minute or two, the students open their eyes and discuss the sounds they heard. Now ask the students to close their eyes a second time, and to focus on the natural sounds that they hear. The ...
Insect Order ID: Lepidoptera (Butterflies, Moths, Skippers)
Insect Order ID: Lepidoptera (Butterflies, Moths, Skippers)

... Adult–Pollinator Adult–Pollinator ...
Antihyperglycemic activity studies on methanol extract of Petrea
Antihyperglycemic activity studies on methanol extract of Petrea

... the glucose administration through puncturing heart. Serum glucose levels were measured by glucose oxidase method (Venkatesh et al., 2004). Results and Discussion The methanol extract of leaves of P. volubilis, when administered to glucose-challenged mice demonstrated dose-dependent and significant ...
MAMMALS OF MAYHEM ISLAND
MAMMALS OF MAYHEM ISLAND

... unique in Australia being two dimensional and almost hairless except for a fringe of long stiff hairs on either side giving it a feather-like appearance. ...
A B C D
A B C D

... PISTILLATE SCALES: Ovate to orbicular, short cuspidate to obtusetipped, shorter and narrower than the perigynia and usually deciduous before them, 3-nerved, reddish brown with a wide pale or greenish center and narrow, white-hyaline margins. PERIGYNIA: Orbicular-obovoid, sometimes broadly substipita ...
Kingdom Animalia Review Answer Key
Kingdom Animalia Review Answer Key

... Short Answer: 1. What is “tissue” and what are two types found only in animals? nervous and muscle tissue. Group of cells that work together to perform a specific function. 2. Explain the difference between specialization and differentiation? The process in which the enlarging mass of dividing cells ...
Origins of Plant Derived Medicines
Origins of Plant Derived Medicines

... This review article describes the origins of plant derived medicines that have been developed as a result of traditional knowledge being handed down from one generation to the next. Various industries are now searching into sources of alternative, more natural and environmentally friendly antimicrob ...
Flora and Fauna - Hotel Le Fontanelle
Flora and Fauna - Hotel Le Fontanelle

... little sunken, widening at the base. The muzzle is straight, tapering slightly towards the tip and its eyes are average in size, bright, with oval shaped pupils. The lachrymal gland is large, and forms a type of extended hollow, where a characteristic oily substance, used for scenting, is excreted. ...
Part II Summary of Product Characteristics
Part II Summary of Product Characteristics

... Care should be taken to avoid the following practices, because they increase the risk of development of resistance and could ultimately result in ineffective therapy: - Too frequent and repeated use of anthelmintics from the same class, over an extended period of time. - Under dosing, which may be d ...
GreenFriends Newsletter
GreenFriends Newsletter

... expels toxins from the body, and can create an ironclad foundation of health. I have fielded reactions from people taking this formula: their complaint being that it caused diarrhea. Well, how do they think the toxins will otherwise leave their body? Would they prefer the toxins left through their s ...
Enough of Clinical…Let’s talk Pre-Clinical!
Enough of Clinical…Let’s talk Pre-Clinical!

... because the characteristic carnivore intestine is underdeveloped compared to the omnivores, and gastric emptying rates are increased. Also, rodents can not act as models for antibiotic drugs because the resulting alteration to their intestinal flora causes significant adverse effects. Depending on a ...
Finding Nemo questions
Finding Nemo questions

... Corals are simple animals, whose bodies, called polyps, are soft fleshy bags with finger-like tentacles ringing a mouth. At the other end the polyp attaches to a hard surface such as a rock or the hard exterior of another coral polyp. Polyps are thumb sized or smaller. Corals are open only at one en ...
3/3/2015 An Overview of Animal Diversity 1. General Features of Animals Chapter 32:
3/3/2015 An Overview of Animal Diversity 1. General Features of Animals Chapter 32:

... The Germ Layers Through the process of gastrulation, 2 or 3 germ layers are produced from which the overall body plan and all body structures develop. • species that are diploblastic have only 2 germ layers – ectoderm and endoderm • triploblastic species produce all 3 germ layers ...
REPTILE Garden
REPTILE Garden

... Most reptiles in our gardens are small garden skinks to larger skinks such as Blue-tongue lizards. BLUE-TONGUE LIZARDS Eat beetles, crickets, caterpillars, snails, wildflowers, fruits and berries. GARDEN SKINKS Eat small grasshoppers, moths, flies and earwigs. Has no teeth, swallowing its prey whole ...
DNA Technology - Loyalsock Township School District
DNA Technology - Loyalsock Township School District

... – Innermost germ layer – Lines the archenteron during gastrulation – Gives rise to lining of the digestive tract/cavity as well as liver and lungs of vertebrates – Found in liver, pancreas, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus ...
Lecture Outline
Lecture Outline

... a. Trematodes are internal or external parasites of living vertebrate hosts. b. Internal parasites require a primary host (such as a human) for sexual reproduction and an intermediate host (such as a snail) for larval development. 3. Tapeworms a. Cestodes are intestinal parasites of vertebrates, whe ...
Number 3 - Laboratory Animal Boards Study Group
Number 3 - Laboratory Animal Boards Study Group

... Molina-Cimadevila et al. Oral self-administration of buprenorphine in the diet for analgesia in mice, pp. 216-224 SUMMARY: Pain is difficult to measure in mice as they are a prey species and attempts have been made to assess pain in rodents using analgesiometric tests such as tail flick and hot plat ...
Characteristics to Classify Animals
Characteristics to Classify Animals

... posterior), front and back (dorsal vs. ventral), and right and left sides  2 equal halves(not always mirror image) through only ONE vertical plane For animals that swim, creep, run or move forward  Bilateral symmetry enables effective movement in purposeful and intentional directions for the anima ...
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Zoopharmacognosy



Zoopharmacognosy is a behaviour in which non-human animals apparently self-medicate by selecting and ingesting or topically applying plants, soils, insects, and psychoactive drugs to treat or prevent disease.The term derives from roots zoo (""animal""), pharma (""drug""), and gnosy (""knowing"") and was proposed in 1993. The term gained popularity from academic works and in a book by Cindy Engel called Wild Health: How Animals Keep Themselves Well and What We Can Learn from Them.A well-known example of zoopharmacognosy occurs when dogs eat grass to induce vomiting. However, the behaviour is more diverse than this. Animals ingest non-foods such as clay, charcoal and even toxic plants, apparently to prevent parasitic infestation or poisoning. Self-medication in wild animals remains a controversial subject because evidence is mostly circumstantial or anecdotal, however, there are many purported examples. The methods by which animals self-medicate vary, but can be classified according to function as prophylactic (preventative, before infection or poisoning) or therapeutic (after infection, to combat the pathogen or poisoning).
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