6 Fields and forces
... So lines of equipotential that are close together represent a strong field. This is similar to the situation with contours as shown in Figure 6.11. Contours that are close together mean that the gradient is steep and where the gradient is steep, there will be a large force pulling you down the slope ...
... So lines of equipotential that are close together represent a strong field. This is similar to the situation with contours as shown in Figure 6.11. Contours that are close together mean that the gradient is steep and where the gradient is steep, there will be a large force pulling you down the slope ...
2 Friction and Gravity
... It is the force that makes an apple fall to the ground. It is the force that keeps the moon orbiting around Earth. It is the force that keeps all the planets in our solar system orbiting around the sun. What Newton realized is now called the law of universal gravitation. The law of universal gravita ...
... It is the force that makes an apple fall to the ground. It is the force that keeps the moon orbiting around Earth. It is the force that keeps all the planets in our solar system orbiting around the sun. What Newton realized is now called the law of universal gravitation. The law of universal gravita ...
10.2 Charging by Contact and by Induction
... way. Increasing your distance from Earth in a spaceship would result in a decreased force of gravity between you and Earth. To determine whether an object is charged and, if so, what type of charge it has, you must observe repulsion between it and another object. Once you observe repulsion occurring ...
... way. Increasing your distance from Earth in a spaceship would result in a decreased force of gravity between you and Earth. To determine whether an object is charged and, if so, what type of charge it has, you must observe repulsion between it and another object. Once you observe repulsion occurring ...
Quantum electrodynamics of strong fields?
... V ( r )= - Zol/r. V ( r )may also contain electron-electron interaction terms. Turning on the binding potential V ( r ) has two effects on the solutions of the Dirac equation. At the edge of the positive continuum bound states emerge, which shift down into the gap with increasing strength of the pot ...
... V ( r )= - Zol/r. V ( r )may also contain electron-electron interaction terms. Turning on the binding potential V ( r ) has two effects on the solutions of the Dirac equation. At the edge of the positive continuum bound states emerge, which shift down into the gap with increasing strength of the pot ...
Modeling the effect of elastic strain on ballistic transport and
... of electrons to nanometer size foils or grains, often called quantum structures because of the quantization of the electron energies. In this work I have developed computational models for the electronic structure, photonic recombination and carrier dynamics of quantum confined charge carriers of ar ...
... of electrons to nanometer size foils or grains, often called quantum structures because of the quantization of the electron energies. In this work I have developed computational models for the electronic structure, photonic recombination and carrier dynamics of quantum confined charge carriers of ar ...
Physics 2. Electromagnetism 1 Fields Lecture 1. Vector and tensor analysis
... We again start the analysis with the Cartesian coordinates. The corresponding infinitesimal volume will be a cube with the coordinates (x, y, z), (x+dx, y, z), (x, y+dy, z), (x, y, z+dz), (x+dx, y+dy, z), (x + dx, y, z + dz), (x, y + dy, z + dz), (x + dx, y + dy, z + dz), so that the volume is dV = ...
... We again start the analysis with the Cartesian coordinates. The corresponding infinitesimal volume will be a cube with the coordinates (x, y, z), (x+dx, y, z), (x, y+dy, z), (x, y, z+dz), (x+dx, y+dy, z), (x + dx, y, z + dz), (x, y + dy, z + dz), (x + dx, y + dy, z + dz), so that the volume is dV = ...
Fundamental interaction
Fundamental interactions, also known as fundamental forces, are the interactions in physical systems that don't appear to be reducible to more basic interactions. There are four conventionally accepted fundamental interactions—gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear. Each one is understood as the dynamics of a field. The gravitational force is modeled as a continuous classical field. The other three are each modeled as discrete quantum fields, and exhibit a measurable unit or elementary particle.Gravitation and electromagnetism act over a potentially infinite distance across the universe. They mediate macroscopic phenomena every day. The other two fields act over minuscule, subatomic distances. The strong nuclear interaction is responsible for the binding of atomic nuclei. The weak nuclear interaction also acts on the nucleus, mediating radioactive decay.Theoretical physicists working beyond the Standard Model seek to quantize the gravitational field toward predictions that particle physicists can experimentally confirm, thus yielding acceptance to a theory of quantum gravity (QG). (Phenomena suitable to model as a fifth force—perhaps an added gravitational effect—remain widely disputed). Other theorists seek to unite the electroweak and strong fields within a Grand Unified Theory (GUT). While all four fundamental interactions are widely thought to align at an extremely minuscule scale, particle accelerators cannot produce the massive energy levels required to experimentally probe at that Planck scale (which would experimentally confirm such theories). Yet some theories, such as the string theory, seek both QG and GUT within one framework, unifying all four fundamental interactions along with mass generation within a theory of everything (ToE).