Learning - Virgil Zeigler-Hill
... Basic Processes in Classical Conditioning Stimulus generalization occurs when an organism that has learned a response to a specific stimulus responds in the same way to new stimuli that are similar to the original stimulus e.g., A fear of a specific dog may generalize to a fear of all dogs Wat ...
... Basic Processes in Classical Conditioning Stimulus generalization occurs when an organism that has learned a response to a specific stimulus responds in the same way to new stimuli that are similar to the original stimulus e.g., A fear of a specific dog may generalize to a fear of all dogs Wat ...
memory extinction Rethinking the role of L-type voltage
... memory consolidation. In a previous study, McKinney and Murphy (2006) found that forebrain deletion of Cav1.3 impairs consolidation of context fear memory; acquisition and STM are intact, while LTM is impaired. These findings are consistent with those of Bauer et al. (2002), who found a similar effe ...
... memory consolidation. In a previous study, McKinney and Murphy (2006) found that forebrain deletion of Cav1.3 impairs consolidation of context fear memory; acquisition and STM are intact, while LTM is impaired. These findings are consistent with those of Bauer et al. (2002), who found a similar effe ...
Lecture 4: Classical conditioning
... – Dog presented with series of shocks – with repeated presentations of shock, the dog's overt behaviors and heart rate response was smaller – however, the after reaction (decrease in heart rate at cessation of shock) was greater – it took longer for the heart rate to return to normal ...
... – Dog presented with series of shocks – with repeated presentations of shock, the dog's overt behaviors and heart rate response was smaller – however, the after reaction (decrease in heart rate at cessation of shock) was greater – it took longer for the heart rate to return to normal ...
Behavioralism
... weren’t involved in classical conditioning. Now we know better. For example, therapists give alcoholics drink containing a nauseaproducing drug to condition them to avoid alcohol. Because clients KNOW that the drug is what is actually causing the nausea, it doesn’t work so well. ...
... weren’t involved in classical conditioning. Now we know better. For example, therapists give alcoholics drink containing a nauseaproducing drug to condition them to avoid alcohol. Because clients KNOW that the drug is what is actually causing the nausea, it doesn’t work so well. ...
FREE Sample Here
... 9. After repeatedly being beaten by his father, Edward begins to show signs of fearing other men as well as his father. Edward’s fear of other men can be explained by: a. sensory preconditioning *b. generalization c. higher-order conditioning d. stimulus discrimination 10. Matthew once had a teacher ...
... 9. After repeatedly being beaten by his father, Edward begins to show signs of fearing other men as well as his father. Edward’s fear of other men can be explained by: a. sensory preconditioning *b. generalization c. higher-order conditioning d. stimulus discrimination 10. Matthew once had a teacher ...
File - Coach Wilkinson`s AP Euro Site
... Watson's experiment would not have been allowed for numerous reasons including its unethical context. It is now measured immoral to evoke reactions of fear in humans under laboratory circumstances, except if the participant has given an informed approval to being purposely horrified as part of the e ...
... Watson's experiment would not have been allowed for numerous reasons including its unethical context. It is now measured immoral to evoke reactions of fear in humans under laboratory circumstances, except if the participant has given an informed approval to being purposely horrified as part of the e ...
Classical Conditioning Methods in Psychotherapy
... presence of the child’s mother has, through previous conditioning, come to signal safety (or the absence of danger), the child may not develop a conditioned fear response to other stimuli present at the time of the explosion (e.g., loud noises, buses, etc.). In this case, the child’s mother has serv ...
... presence of the child’s mother has, through previous conditioning, come to signal safety (or the absence of danger), the child may not develop a conditioned fear response to other stimuli present at the time of the explosion (e.g., loud noises, buses, etc.). In this case, the child’s mother has serv ...
Learning - Grand Haven Area Public Schools
... • Process in which an organism produces the same CR to two similar stimuli (CS) • The more similar the substitute stimulus is to the original used in conditioning, the stronger the generalized response ...
... • Process in which an organism produces the same CR to two similar stimuli (CS) • The more similar the substitute stimulus is to the original used in conditioning, the stronger the generalized response ...
Aversive Control of Behavior
... Alternate routes of reinforcement Provide alternate responses to gain reward after punishment increases effectiveness ~ ...
... Alternate routes of reinforcement Provide alternate responses to gain reward after punishment increases effectiveness ~ ...
What type of punishment?
... Alternate routes of reinforcement Provide alternate responses to gain reward after punishment increases effectiveness ~ ...
... Alternate routes of reinforcement Provide alternate responses to gain reward after punishment increases effectiveness ~ ...
The final exam will consist of 100 multiple choice questions. The
... 32. It has been found that rewarding a high level of effort on one task increases the level of effort on other tasks. This illustrates a. discrimination b. generalization c. motivational transfer d. a motivational paradox 33. Bill conducts an experiment in which he pairs the word psychologist with ...
... 32. It has been found that rewarding a high level of effort on one task increases the level of effort on other tasks. This illustrates a. discrimination b. generalization c. motivational transfer d. a motivational paradox 33. Bill conducts an experiment in which he pairs the word psychologist with ...
Behavioralism-2
... weren’t involved in classical conditioning. Now we know better. For example, therapists give alcoholics drink containing a nauseaproducing drug to condition them to avoid alcohol. Because clients KNOW that the drug is what is actually causing the nausea, it doesn’t work so well. ...
... weren’t involved in classical conditioning. Now we know better. For example, therapists give alcoholics drink containing a nauseaproducing drug to condition them to avoid alcohol. Because clients KNOW that the drug is what is actually causing the nausea, it doesn’t work so well. ...
Classical Conditioning
... – Sometimes, when conditions are similar to CS, the animal shows the CR – Unpredictable; almost as if they “suddenly remembered” – More likely to occur when animal is stressed, tired, hungry, ...
... – Sometimes, when conditions are similar to CS, the animal shows the CR – Unpredictable; almost as if they “suddenly remembered” – More likely to occur when animal is stressed, tired, hungry, ...
Slides 6
... Stimulus Discrimination He showed less fear response to a dog, and none to people’s hair that wasn’t white. Extinction Eventually his conditioned fear of rats and related things might fade as he experienced them not paired with scary noises. ...
... Stimulus Discrimination He showed less fear response to a dog, and none to people’s hair that wasn’t white. Extinction Eventually his conditioned fear of rats and related things might fade as he experienced them not paired with scary noises. ...
3. Classical Conditioning
... Advertising executive – “If you think about what Pavlov did, he actually took a neutral object and, by associating it with a meaningful object, made it a symbol of something else, he imbued it with imagery, he gave it added value, and isn’t that what we try and do in modern ...
... Advertising executive – “If you think about what Pavlov did, he actually took a neutral object and, by associating it with a meaningful object, made it a symbol of something else, he imbued it with imagery, he gave it added value, and isn’t that what we try and do in modern ...
Cowardly Canines: Managing Anxiety Problems
... Owner attention, reinforcement, and reassurance during departures and arrivals should be minimized. Desensitization and counter-conditioning will involve teaching the dog to exhibit relaxed postures on a cue for rewards. Once the dog has learned to be calm on cue, independence training can be practi ...
... Owner attention, reinforcement, and reassurance during departures and arrivals should be minimized. Desensitization and counter-conditioning will involve teaching the dog to exhibit relaxed postures on a cue for rewards. Once the dog has learned to be calm on cue, independence training can be practi ...
Fundamentals of Phobias
... behaviour, or by some combination of these three indexes) can be produced readily by employing conventional conditioning procedures. There is little doubt about the facility with which fear reactions can be conditioned, at least in animals that are tested under laboratory constraints (Rachman, 1991) ...
... behaviour, or by some combination of these three indexes) can be produced readily by employing conventional conditioning procedures. There is little doubt about the facility with which fear reactions can be conditioned, at least in animals that are tested under laboratory constraints (Rachman, 1991) ...
Classical Conditioning
... And here you were thinking that you like FCUK because they make quality clothing! ...
... And here you were thinking that you like FCUK because they make quality clothing! ...
Sign Tracking (Autoshaping)
... – All forms of behavior and cognition could be explained by reflexes such as the "Freedom Reflex" or "Investigatory Reflex“ (p. 11) – "Physiologists have studied and are studying at the present time these numerous machine-like, inevitable reactions of the organism-reflexes existing from the very bir ...
... – All forms of behavior and cognition could be explained by reflexes such as the "Freedom Reflex" or "Investigatory Reflex“ (p. 11) – "Physiologists have studied and are studying at the present time these numerous machine-like, inevitable reactions of the organism-reflexes existing from the very bir ...
Introduction to Psychology
... of specialist I might select- doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant, and yes- beggar man and ...
... of specialist I might select- doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant, and yes- beggar man and ...
Classical Conditioning: Notes
... weren’t involved in classical conditioning. Now we know better. For example, therapists give alcoholics drink containing a nauseaproducing drug to condition them to avoid alcohol. Because clients KNOW that the drug is what is actually causing the nausea, it doesn’t work so well. ...
... weren’t involved in classical conditioning. Now we know better. For example, therapists give alcoholics drink containing a nauseaproducing drug to condition them to avoid alcohol. Because clients KNOW that the drug is what is actually causing the nausea, it doesn’t work so well. ...
PSY402 Theories of Learning
... Fear is classically conditioned to the environmental conditions preceding an aversive event. Cues evoke fear -- an instrumental response occurs to terminate the fear. ...
... Fear is classically conditioned to the environmental conditions preceding an aversive event. Cues evoke fear -- an instrumental response occurs to terminate the fear. ...
Fear
Fear is an emotion induced by a threat perceived by living entities, which causes a change in brain and organ function and ultimately a change in behavior, such as running away, hiding or freezing from traumatic events. Fear may occur in response to a specific stimulus happening in the present, or to a future situation, which is perceived as risk to health or life, status, power, security, or, in the case of humans, wealth or anything held valuable. The fear response arises from the perception of danger leading to confrontation with or escape from/avoiding the threat (also known as the fight-or-flight response), which in extreme cases of fear (horror and terror) can be a freeze response or paralysis. In humans and animals, fear is modulated by the process of cognition and learning. Thus fear is judged as rational or appropriate and irrational or inappropriate. An irrational fear is called a phobia.Psychologists such as John B. Watson, Robert Plutchik, and Paul Ekman have suggested that there is only a small set of basic or innate emotions and that fear is one of them. This hypothesized set includes such emotions as joy, sadness, fright, dread, horror, panic, anxiety, acute stress reaction and anger.Fear is closely related to, but should be distinguished from, the emotion ""anxiety"", which occurs as the result of threats that are perceived to be uncontrollable or unavoidable.The fear response serves survival by generating appropriate behavioral responses, so it has been preserved throughout evolution.