International Distribution Overview of Relevant
... "The following shall be prohibited as incompatible with the common market: all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between Member States and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or dist ...
... "The following shall be prohibited as incompatible with the common market: all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between Member States and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or dist ...
Call for tenders No. EEA/IEA/16/003 ANNEX 2 to the Tender
... (c) decisions of the ECB, the EIB, the European Investment Fund or international organisations; (d) decisions of the Commission relating to the infringement of the Union's competition rules or of a national competent authority relating to the infringement of Union or national competition law.” For s ...
... (c) decisions of the ECB, the EIB, the European Investment Fund or international organisations; (d) decisions of the Commission relating to the infringement of the Union's competition rules or of a national competent authority relating to the infringement of Union or national competition law.” For s ...
European Product Safety Regime: Long Awaited
... Product Safety This proposed new Regulation concerns all non-food consumer products, with certain clearly defined exceptions, such as medicinal products for human or veterinary use, food and feed3. It is intended to replace Directive 2001/95/EC, the Revised General Product Safety Directive, which is ...
... Product Safety This proposed new Regulation concerns all non-food consumer products, with certain clearly defined exceptions, such as medicinal products for human or veterinary use, food and feed3. It is intended to replace Directive 2001/95/EC, the Revised General Product Safety Directive, which is ...
ECONOMICS 3150B
... • Result: cluster that keeps getting better and better and, on the basis of that beneficial local competition, helps its members succeed internationally against competitors from elsewhere who don't have the power of a strong local cluster behind them • Porter's theory predicts a spiky world in which ...
... • Result: cluster that keeps getting better and better and, on the basis of that beneficial local competition, helps its members succeed internationally against competitors from elsewhere who don't have the power of a strong local cluster behind them • Porter's theory predicts a spiky world in which ...
Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly
... competition and oligopoly. Students will be able to identify and/or define the following terms: Monopolistic Competition Differentiation Nonprice Competition Oligopoly E. Napp ...
... competition and oligopoly. Students will be able to identify and/or define the following terms: Monopolistic Competition Differentiation Nonprice Competition Oligopoly E. Napp ...
DOC - Europa.eu
... liability and insurance create additional barriers. What is more, it can often be difficult to get precise information on the regulatory framework, the competent authorities and the procedures which need to be complied with in other Member States. That can make things even harder. The Commission has ...
... liability and insurance create additional barriers. What is more, it can often be difficult to get precise information on the regulatory framework, the competent authorities and the procedures which need to be complied with in other Member States. That can make things even harder. The Commission has ...
CARTELS
... necessary, and no contractual sanctions or enforcement measures are required. The fact of agreement may be express or implicit in the behaviour of the parties. ...
... necessary, and no contractual sanctions or enforcement measures are required. The fact of agreement may be express or implicit in the behaviour of the parties. ...
Commission grants first exemption
... processing that limits significantly the extent to which competition can act as a constraint on the positions of incumbents. This is particularly so in the case of new developments where initial high setup costs and entry barriers must be overcome under conditions of risk (for example in exploration ...
... processing that limits significantly the extent to which competition can act as a constraint on the positions of incumbents. This is particularly so in the case of new developments where initial high setup costs and entry barriers must be overcome under conditions of risk (for example in exploration ...
Restrictions by Object within Article 102 TFEU and a
... rebate reveal that the system is not based on an economically justified countervailing advantage but tends, following the example of a loyalty and target rebate, to prevent customers from obtaining their supplies from competitors (see Hoffmann-La Roche v Commission, paragraph 90, and Michelin II, pa ...
... rebate reveal that the system is not based on an economically justified countervailing advantage but tends, following the example of a loyalty and target rebate, to prevent customers from obtaining their supplies from competitors (see Hoffmann-La Roche v Commission, paragraph 90, and Michelin II, pa ...
speech - Europa.eu
... spring up like weeds. Only 16% of all EU procurement is publicly advertised and therefore open to cross-border bidding. Member States must co-operate more with each other and provide mutual assistance. This will boost confidence in each other's regulatory structures and controls which is a pre-requi ...
... spring up like weeds. Only 16% of all EU procurement is publicly advertised and therefore open to cross-border bidding. Member States must co-operate more with each other and provide mutual assistance. This will boost confidence in each other's regulatory structures and controls which is a pre-requi ...
DOC - Europa.eu
... quote from internal documents – "a part of [Johnson & Johnson's] cake". The aim of the deal was – I quote again – "not to have a generic on the market and in that way to keep the high current price". So, in July 2005, instead of actually starting to sell the generic version, Novartis concluded a so- ...
... quote from internal documents – "a part of [Johnson & Johnson's] cake". The aim of the deal was – I quote again – "not to have a generic on the market and in that way to keep the high current price". So, in July 2005, instead of actually starting to sell the generic version, Novartis concluded a so- ...
DOC - Europa EU
... treatment of cardiovascular diseases, pain, diseases of the central nervous system, alimentary and genito-urinary tract diseases and inflammatory conditions. Generic medicines are equivalent to original medicines and sold once the patent for the latter has expired. The Commission's investigation cov ...
... treatment of cardiovascular diseases, pain, diseases of the central nervous system, alimentary and genito-urinary tract diseases and inflammatory conditions. Generic medicines are equivalent to original medicines and sold once the patent for the latter has expired. The Commission's investigation cov ...
Abuse of dominance 2
... exclude any effective competition on that neighbouring market; in the third place, the refusal prevents the appearance of a new product for which there is potential consumer demand. “Once it is established that such circumstances are present, the refusal by the holder of a dominant position to grant ...
... exclude any effective competition on that neighbouring market; in the third place, the refusal prevents the appearance of a new product for which there is potential consumer demand. “Once it is established that such circumstances are present, the refusal by the holder of a dominant position to grant ...
SIEC and beyond - European Commission
... *The views expressed are my own and do not necessarily reflect those of DG COMP or the European Commission European Commission, DG Competition, Chief Economist ...
... *The views expressed are my own and do not necessarily reflect those of DG COMP or the European Commission European Commission, DG Competition, Chief Economist ...
The fine line between market dominance and abuse
... The Tribunal emphasised that allegations of exclusionary conduct (i.e. abusive conduct on the part of a dominant firm aimed at preventing a competitor from expanding within, or entering into, a particular market) premised on sections 8(c) and (d)(i) of the Competition Act must be supported by eviden ...
... The Tribunal emphasised that allegations of exclusionary conduct (i.e. abusive conduct on the part of a dominant firm aimed at preventing a competitor from expanding within, or entering into, a particular market) premised on sections 8(c) and (d)(i) of the Competition Act must be supported by eviden ...
INTRODUCTION
... and competition law in Malaysia. This research will identify a proposed competition structure that is viable for Malaysia by considering relevant economic policies and relevant legislation together with common law principles applicable in Malaysia. This study will identify types of restrictive trade ...
... and competition law in Malaysia. This research will identify a proposed competition structure that is viable for Malaysia by considering relevant economic policies and relevant legislation together with common law principles applicable in Malaysia. This study will identify types of restrictive trade ...
Market economy test.
... When Competition Invoked to Justify AD Measures Commission uses these arguments to defend imposition of AD measures: — Addressing market distortions. Prioritizing longer-term goal of restoring fair competition over consumers’ short-term price benefits. — Counterfactual scenario resulting in greater ...
... When Competition Invoked to Justify AD Measures Commission uses these arguments to defend imposition of AD measures: — Addressing market distortions. Prioritizing longer-term goal of restoring fair competition over consumers’ short-term price benefits. — Counterfactual scenario resulting in greater ...
European Union competition law
European Union competition law concerns regulation of competitive markets in the European Union, particularly to ensure that corporations do not create cartels and monopolies that would damage the economic interests of society. With a history that traces back to the prohibitions on the restraint of trade, the United States Sherman Act 1890 and the Clayton Act 1914, EU competition law today derives from articles 101 to 109 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, as well as a series of Regulations and Directives. Four main policy areas include:Cartels, or control of collusion and other anti-competitive practices, under article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).Market dominance, or preventing the abuse of firms' dominant market positions under article 102 TFEU.Mergers, control of proposed mergers, acquisitions and joint ventures involving companies that have a certain, defined amount of turnover in the EU, according to the Merger RegulationState aid, control of direct and indirect aid given by Member States of the European Union to companies under TFEU article 107This last point is a unique characteristic of the EU competition law regime. As the EU is made up of independent member states, both competition policy and the creation of the European single market could be rendered ineffective were member states free to support national companies as they saw fit. A 2013 Civitias report lists some of the artifices used by participants to skirt the state aid rules on procurement. Primary authority for applying EU competition law rests with European Commission and its Directorate General for Competition, although state aids in some sectors, such as transport, are handled by other Directorates General. The Directorates can mandate that improperly-given state aid be repaid, as was the case in 2012 with Malev Hungarian Airlines.