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3-Heart failure in children
3-Heart failure in children

...  These drugs should not be used in patients with aortic or mitral stenosis.  Enalapril in a dose from 0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg/day has been used in children . Captopril is used in a dosage of upto 6 mg/kg/day in divided doses. ...
madit ii - Boston Scientific
madit ii - Boston Scientific

... Pacemakers are contraindicated for the following patients under the circumstances listed: patients with unipolar pacing leads or in MV mode with an implanted ICD because it may cause unwanted delivery or inhibition of ICD therapy; use of the MV sensor in patients with only unipolar leads, because a ...
The Effects of Exercise Training on Cardiac Autonomic Nervous
The Effects of Exercise Training on Cardiac Autonomic Nervous

... ensuring optimal function during various activities in healthy individuals and also in mediating several of the manifestations of cardiac diseases [Task Force, 1996]. This system is responsible for rapid regulation of cardiac rhythm and function in order to match cardiac output with the body need du ...
Practical stepwise approach to rhythm disturbances in congenital
Practical stepwise approach to rhythm disturbances in congenital

... Step 4, for the rapid conduction component: Left ventricle is normal in volume and function, but right ventricle is dilated with severe pulmonary regurgitation and surgical scar. Step 5, for risk stratification: He has several risk factors, such as older age at initial repair, prolonged QRS duration ...
as a PDF
as a PDF

... cardiovascular defects or diseases require robust techniques for segmenting the phonocardiogram. Especially the detection of S2 sound is hard to obtain in spite of it appears slightly after the end of the T-wave, however, as the T-wave is often a low amplitude and smooth wave and sometimes not recor ...
Leads - fortiscollege
Leads - fortiscollege

... Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc. ...
Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries in a
Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries in a

... very often exhibit atrial tachyarrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, or supraventricular tachycardia. If there are no associated defects, the appearance of these arrhythmias is delayed until the fifth decade of life, much later than in patients with other abnormalities. In every ...
Calcium channel blockers
Calcium channel blockers

... What are the side effects of CCBs? The most common side effects of CCBs are constipation, nausea, headache, rash, edema (swelling of the legs with fluid), low blood pressure, drowsiness, and dizziness. When diltiazem or verapamil are given to individuals with heart failure, symptoms of heart failure ...
MK-886 and DITPA Attenuate Global Myocardial Ischemia
MK-886 and DITPA Attenuate Global Myocardial Ischemia

... adhesion molecule. This may give an evidence for their protective effect. Both MK-886 and DITPA reduce cTnI associated with MI/R injury induced by HT which is a specific marker for cardiac injury. This study supports the hypothesis that inflammatory pathways are involved in global MI/R injury induce ...
(CRT-D) A - Grupo Akros
(CRT-D) A - Grupo Akros

... • No difference in 2-year survival between CRT and CRT-D patients. • In patients with Class IV symptoms in whom resynchronization is inadequate to restore clinical stability, the presence of a ICD often complicates the impending transition to end-of-life care. Lindenfeld et al. Circulation 2007 ...
Text
Text

... Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common clinically significant cardiac arrhythmia. However, diagnosis of intraventricular dyssynchrony in patients with AF is difficult due to beat-to-beat variation. Additionally, evaluation of mechanical dyssynchrony in the traditional method is base ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... CO = HR X SV Factors Affecting Cardiac Output: control of heart rate Autonomic innervation is the primary factor affecting HR Cardiovascular center of medulla oblongata in the brainstem drives the autonomic nervous system: one part of this, the Cardiac Center, regulates heart activity Medulla cardi ...
Blood Flow and Conduction
Blood Flow and Conduction

...  From right atrium, through the tricuspid valve, blood travels to the right ventricle  From the right ventricle, blood leaves the heart as it passes through the pulmonary semilunar valve into the pulmonary trunk  Pulmonary trunk splits into right and left pulmonary arteries that carry blood to th ...
Electrocardiographic Recording with Conformable Organic Electrochemical Transistor Fabricated on Resorbable
Electrocardiographic Recording with Conformable Organic Electrochemical Transistor Fabricated on Resorbable

... tissue of the heart where, at the cellular basis, muscle cell contraction is initiated by an influx of cations causing cell depolarization. The ordered progression of contraction throughout the heart muscle gives rise to a macroscopic ionic current wave that spreads throughout the body during each h ...
Cardiac glycosides, antiarrhymic and antianginal drugs
Cardiac glycosides, antiarrhymic and antianginal drugs

... • 1. Increasing the force of contraction allows the heart to eject more blood per beat which increases cardiac output and ...
Pericardial Evaluation - University of Florida
Pericardial Evaluation - University of Florida

... Your Answer ...
130228-jf-FINAL-Surgical Ablation Booklet
130228-jf-FINAL-Surgical Ablation Booklet

... highly effective for a wide range of atrial fibrillation patients. It can be a cure, but it is highly invasive, requiring open-heart surgery and heart-lung bypass. It is quite complex and has largely fallen out of favour with the advent of radiofrequency (RF) and other modalities of ablation that do n ...
NEWS H  Cardiovascular Research Institute
NEWS H Cardiovascular Research Institute

... is also essential. Dr. Piña was a coauthor of an Institute for Healthcare Improvement and American College of Cardiology study that identified hospital strategies in addition to exercise that could help reduce 30-day readmission rates for heart-failure patients. Among the most effective were ...
Jeopardy!
Jeopardy!

powerpoint lecture
powerpoint lecture

... influx through slow Ca2+ channels. This keeps the cell depolarized because few K+ channels are open. 3 Repolarization is due to Ca2+ channels inactivating and K+ channels opening. This allows K+ efflux, which brings the membrane potential back to its resting voltage. ...
Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia

Nuclear Medicine MUGA Scan
Nuclear Medicine MUGA Scan

... SCAN PERFORMED? A MUGA scan is performed by starting an IV and drawing out a small amount of blood. The blood is tagged with a radiotracer and then injected back into the bloodstream. Once the blood is tagged, EKG leads are placed on the patient’s chest to track heart muscle contractions. The patien ...
Peripartum Cardiomypathy: - Bahrain Medical Bulletin
Peripartum Cardiomypathy: - Bahrain Medical Bulletin

Original Article Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy In A 39 Year Old Female
Original Article Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy In A 39 Year Old Female

... play a role in selected patients, most evidence in the literature indicates that the effects of alcohol on the myocardium are independent of these factors and that the effect is a direct toxic result of ethanol or its metabolites4. Experimental studies show that alcohol and its metabolite acetaldeh ...
heart and seizure stuff SMA 31may2011
heart and seizure stuff SMA 31may2011

... (SMA). These are the findings from a study conducted by Nationwide Children's Hospital and published online ahead of print in Human Molecular Genetics. This is the first study to report cardiac dysfunction in mouse models of SMA. SMA is a debilitating neurological disease that leads to wasting away ...
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Electrocardiography



Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG*) is the process of recording the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time using electrodes placed on a patient's body. These electrodes detect the tiny electrical changes on the skin that arise from the heart muscle depolarizing during each heartbeat.In a conventional 12 lead ECG, ten electrodes are placed on the patient's limbs and on the surface of the chest. The overall magnitude of the heart's electrical potential is then measured from twelve different angles (""leads"") and is recorded over a period of time (usually 10 seconds). In this way, the overall magnitude and direction of the heart's electrical depolarization is captured at each moment throughout the cardiac cycle. The graph of voltage versus time produced by this noninvasive medical procedure is referred to as an electrocardiogram (abbreviated ECG or EKG).During each heartbeat, a healthy heart will have an orderly progression of depolarization that starts with pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node, spreads out through the atrium, passes through the atrioventricular node down into the bundle of His and into the Purkinje fibers spreading down and to the left throughout the ventricles. This orderly pattern of depolarization gives rise to the characteristic ECG tracing. To the trained clinician, an ECG conveys a large amount of information about the structure of the heart and the function of its electrical conduction system. Among other things, an ECG can be used to measure the rate and rhythm of heartbeats, the size and position of the heart chambers, the presence of any damage to the heart's muscle cells or conduction system, the effects of cardiac drugs, and the function of implanted pacemakers.
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