The Cardiovascular System
... The left and right ventricles pump blood into the systemic and pulmonary arterial trees, respectively. Cardiac output, the volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during 1 minute, is the product of heart rate and stroke volume. Stroke volume (the volume of blood ejected with each heartbeat) depe ...
... The left and right ventricles pump blood into the systemic and pulmonary arterial trees, respectively. Cardiac output, the volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during 1 minute, is the product of heart rate and stroke volume. Stroke volume (the volume of blood ejected with each heartbeat) depe ...
Heart rate modulates the slow enhancement of contraction due to
... Total atrioventricular block was induced by injecting 10% formalin (0.6–2.0 ml) into the region of the atrioventricular node through a right atrial incision, and the atriostomy was closed by a purse-string suture. This procedure was performed during temporary occlusion of the coronary perfusion line ...
... Total atrioventricular block was induced by injecting 10% formalin (0.6–2.0 ml) into the region of the atrioventricular node through a right atrial incision, and the atriostomy was closed by a purse-string suture. This procedure was performed during temporary occlusion of the coronary perfusion line ...
Your guide to heart failure
... Medication needs may vary for each person. Your doctor will work with you to find the right medications to relieve symptoms and improve your quality of life. Medication for people with heart failure Treatment of heart failure has changed with the development of new medications. Medications now contr ...
... Medication needs may vary for each person. Your doctor will work with you to find the right medications to relieve symptoms and improve your quality of life. Medication for people with heart failure Treatment of heart failure has changed with the development of new medications. Medications now contr ...
Presentation (PowerPoint File) - IPAM
... How the Heart Works When it Fills In an effort to quantitate diastolic function using a number or an index, the filling process has been characterized via correlations of selected features of either fluid (blood) flow or tissue displacement or motion to LV ejection fraction, end-diastolic pressure ...
... How the Heart Works When it Fills In an effort to quantitate diastolic function using a number or an index, the filling process has been characterized via correlations of selected features of either fluid (blood) flow or tissue displacement or motion to LV ejection fraction, end-diastolic pressure ...
Use of Myocardial Perfusion SPECT for Preoperative Risk
... deviation: approximately mean＋s.d. in perfusion scores, and mean−s.d. in LVEF.（cited from reference No. 6） ...
... deviation: approximately mean＋s.d. in perfusion scores, and mean−s.d. in LVEF.（cited from reference No. 6） ...
distribution of edema
... This process initiates the edema-forming sequence of events described above, including activation of the RAAS (ReninAngitensin-Aldosterone-System). The edema is diffuse, symmetric, and most prominent in the dependent areas; as a consequence, periorbital edema is most prominent in the morning. ...
... This process initiates the edema-forming sequence of events described above, including activation of the RAAS (ReninAngitensin-Aldosterone-System). The edema is diffuse, symmetric, and most prominent in the dependent areas; as a consequence, periorbital edema is most prominent in the morning. ...
The Autonomic Nervous System and Atrial Fibrillation:The
... vena cava-tricuspid valve isthmus to terminate atrial flutter. 13 The factor common to this non-surgical, non-pharmacological therapy was the use of radiofrequency lesions to interrupt a reentrant circuit which served as the substrate for these cardiac arrhythmias. ...
... vena cava-tricuspid valve isthmus to terminate atrial flutter. 13 The factor common to this non-surgical, non-pharmacological therapy was the use of radiofrequency lesions to interrupt a reentrant circuit which served as the substrate for these cardiac arrhythmias. ...
The Three-Dimensional Arrangement of the Myocytes Aggregated
... in the same cold cardioplegic solution for !1 hr, following which a water-based MRI compatible polymer (Histomer) was injected through the atrioventricular valves so as to distend the ventricles to an end-diastolic state. This was possible since the hearts had been arrested in diastole, the injectio ...
... in the same cold cardioplegic solution for !1 hr, following which a water-based MRI compatible polymer (Histomer) was injected through the atrioventricular valves so as to distend the ventricles to an end-diastolic state. This was possible since the hearts had been arrested in diastole, the injectio ...
1 - European Heart Journal
... stroke (particularly in stroke units) as a major cornerstone in the diagnostic work-up with a 1:3 ratio of TTE alone vs. TOE. This careful cardiodiagnostic approach appears to be justified even in patients with already known cerebral small vessel disease or artery-to-artery brain embolism from extra ...
... stroke (particularly in stroke units) as a major cornerstone in the diagnostic work-up with a 1:3 ratio of TTE alone vs. TOE. This careful cardiodiagnostic approach appears to be justified even in patients with already known cerebral small vessel disease or artery-to-artery brain embolism from extra ...
PAH
... Evaluating Causes of PAH mPAP ≥25 mmHg PWP ≤15 mmHg Increased PVR Specific diagnostic tests for PAH causes: CTD HIV ...
... Evaluating Causes of PAH mPAP ≥25 mmHg PWP ≤15 mmHg Increased PVR Specific diagnostic tests for PAH causes: CTD HIV ...
Subpulmonary Obstruction Due to Aneurysmal Ventricular Septum
... the pulmonary valve leading to pulmonary outflow tract obstruction even when the aneurysm is small. According to the previous reports the age of presentation of this condition varies from 5 to 54 years, with a median age of 8 years; most patients were male. Our patient is 3-years-old and is younger ...
... the pulmonary valve leading to pulmonary outflow tract obstruction even when the aneurysm is small. According to the previous reports the age of presentation of this condition varies from 5 to 54 years, with a median age of 8 years; most patients were male. Our patient is 3-years-old and is younger ...
Improvement in MR and in the dyssynchrony between the mid
... class 3/4 with depressed systolic function and a prolonged QRS [1-3]. However, 20% - 30% of patients who receive CRT therapy do not show significant clinical improvement [4-6]. As a result there has been intense investigation to develop non invasive parameters to predict CRT response [7-9]. While me ...
... class 3/4 with depressed systolic function and a prolonged QRS [1-3]. However, 20% - 30% of patients who receive CRT therapy do not show significant clinical improvement [4-6]. As a result there has been intense investigation to develop non invasive parameters to predict CRT response [7-9]. While me ...
Understanding Preload
... at the end of diastole. At a cellular level, preload is defined as the maximum degree of myocardial fiber stretch or tension before ventricular contraction, determined by the mean sarcomere length at the end of diastole. Since sarcomere length cannot be determined in the intact heart, other indices ...
... at the end of diastole. At a cellular level, preload is defined as the maximum degree of myocardial fiber stretch or tension before ventricular contraction, determined by the mean sarcomere length at the end of diastole. Since sarcomere length cannot be determined in the intact heart, other indices ...
TRANSCATHETER REPAIR OF CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS
... screwed into a delivery cable and loaded into a long introducer sheath that passes from a femoral vein to cross the ASD. The distal disc is released in the left atrium, pulled against the septum, then the rear disc is released in the right atrium. When secured in place it is disconnected. The proced ...
... screwed into a delivery cable and loaded into a long introducer sheath that passes from a femoral vein to cross the ASD. The distal disc is released in the left atrium, pulled against the septum, then the rear disc is released in the right atrium. When secured in place it is disconnected. The proced ...
Systematization and clinical study of `dextroversion, mirror
... error or doubt in some cases could be due to atrial ectopic rhythms, atrial fibrillation, or flutter. Nodal rhythm in situs solitus shows the frontal AP directed upwards and to the left (-60°) and upwards and to the right (+ I200) in situs inversus. The passage of a catheter through the inferior ven ...
... error or doubt in some cases could be due to atrial ectopic rhythms, atrial fibrillation, or flutter. Nodal rhythm in situs solitus shows the frontal AP directed upwards and to the left (-60°) and upwards and to the right (+ I200) in situs inversus. The passage of a catheter through the inferior ven ...
Noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium mimicking ischemic
... prominent trabecular meshwork with deep endomyocardial spaces, resulting in a maximal end systolic ratio of noncompacted to compacted layers of > 22,7 and 3) evidence of deep intratrabecular recesses by color Doppler,2,6 or magnetic resonance imaging.3,4,8 Major complications of INVM are ventricular ...
... prominent trabecular meshwork with deep endomyocardial spaces, resulting in a maximal end systolic ratio of noncompacted to compacted layers of > 22,7 and 3) evidence of deep intratrabecular recesses by color Doppler,2,6 or magnetic resonance imaging.3,4,8 Major complications of INVM are ventricular ...
Atrial Electrophysiological Remodeling and Fibrillation in Heart Failure
... and calsequestrin levels were reduced.32 In contrast to these findings, in the ovine model of tachypacing-induced HF (mean period of tachypacing: ∼33 days), the [Ca 2+]i transient amplitude and the density of ICaL were both reduced, the atrial SR content was increased, and the [Ca 2+]i amplitude was ...
... and calsequestrin levels were reduced.32 In contrast to these findings, in the ovine model of tachypacing-induced HF (mean period of tachypacing: ∼33 days), the [Ca 2+]i transient amplitude and the density of ICaL were both reduced, the atrial SR content was increased, and the [Ca 2+]i amplitude was ...
Atrial Fibrillation: Diagnosis and Treatment
... examination, and diagnostic testing should focus on potential causes, triggers, and comorbid conditions. Standard tests used to evaluate cardiac function and identify common comorbid conditions include electrocardiography, complete blood count, complete metabolic profile, thyroid-stimulating hormone ...
... examination, and diagnostic testing should focus on potential causes, triggers, and comorbid conditions. Standard tests used to evaluate cardiac function and identify common comorbid conditions include electrocardiography, complete blood count, complete metabolic profile, thyroid-stimulating hormone ...
Cardiac Responses to Increased Afterload
... Downloaded from http://hyper.ahajournals.org/ by guest on June 17, 2017 ...
... Downloaded from http://hyper.ahajournals.org/ by guest on June 17, 2017 ...
Warning Symptoms and Family History in Children and Young
... that was not thought to be caused by SCA. This resulted in 79 cases of SCA in children or young adults from 78 families being included in the analysis. The average age at the time of SCA was 16 years (range, 5–29 years), 69% were boys, and 68% were white (Table 1). Cardiac arrest occurred during or ...
... that was not thought to be caused by SCA. This resulted in 79 cases of SCA in children or young adults from 78 families being included in the analysis. The average age at the time of SCA was 16 years (range, 5–29 years), 69% were boys, and 68% were white (Table 1). Cardiac arrest occurred during or ...
Clinical relevance of cardiac arrhythmias generated by
... Early afterdepolarizations and early afterdepolarizatic ninduced triggered activity have been observed in vitro in isolated cardiac tissues under a variety of conditions, including injury (12,13), changes in the ionic environment, hypoxia, acidosis (14,15), high concentrations of catecholamines (16) ...
... Early afterdepolarizations and early afterdepolarizatic ninduced triggered activity have been observed in vitro in isolated cardiac tissues under a variety of conditions, including injury (12,13), changes in the ionic environment, hypoxia, acidosis (14,15), high concentrations of catecholamines (16) ...
Heart failure outcomes with empagliflozin in patients with type 2
... Definitions of the major clinical outcomes in the EMPA-REG OUTCOMEw trial have been published.19 All cardiovascular outcome events and deaths were prospectively adjudicated by two Clinical Events Committees (for cardiac and neurological events).19 Outcomes assessed included hospitalization for heart ...
... Definitions of the major clinical outcomes in the EMPA-REG OUTCOMEw trial have been published.19 All cardiovascular outcome events and deaths were prospectively adjudicated by two Clinical Events Committees (for cardiac and neurological events).19 Outcomes assessed included hospitalization for heart ...
Electrocardiography
Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG*) is the process of recording the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time using electrodes placed on a patient's body. These electrodes detect the tiny electrical changes on the skin that arise from the heart muscle depolarizing during each heartbeat.In a conventional 12 lead ECG, ten electrodes are placed on the patient's limbs and on the surface of the chest. The overall magnitude of the heart's electrical potential is then measured from twelve different angles (""leads"") and is recorded over a period of time (usually 10 seconds). In this way, the overall magnitude and direction of the heart's electrical depolarization is captured at each moment throughout the cardiac cycle. The graph of voltage versus time produced by this noninvasive medical procedure is referred to as an electrocardiogram (abbreviated ECG or EKG).During each heartbeat, a healthy heart will have an orderly progression of depolarization that starts with pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node, spreads out through the atrium, passes through the atrioventricular node down into the bundle of His and into the Purkinje fibers spreading down and to the left throughout the ventricles. This orderly pattern of depolarization gives rise to the characteristic ECG tracing. To the trained clinician, an ECG conveys a large amount of information about the structure of the heart and the function of its electrical conduction system. Among other things, an ECG can be used to measure the rate and rhythm of heartbeats, the size and position of the heart chambers, the presence of any damage to the heart's muscle cells or conduction system, the effects of cardiac drugs, and the function of implanted pacemakers.