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prolactinomas - Pituitary Society
prolactinomas - Pituitary Society

... A prolactinoma is an abnormal growth, or tumor, on the pituitary gland. The tumor causes the pituitary to produce too much prolactin leading to hyperprolactinemia. A prolactinoma is almost always benign, meaning it is not a cancer. About 1 in 10,000 people will develop a prolactinoma for which a cle ...
position statement on oestrogen, progesterone and testosterone in
position statement on oestrogen, progesterone and testosterone in

... There are three relevant areas of research that I am aware of, not all of which have been published. The first is the work of Carolyn Bondy et al in Bethesda, Maryland, who showed that the female rhesus monkey when exposed to oestrogen alone had a higher rate of epithelial proliferation of the breas ...
Menopause is Not an Estrogen Deficiency Problem
Menopause is Not an Estrogen Deficiency Problem

... hormone is inactive and unable to have an effect on tissues. It is unable to deliver its message to the breast, uterus, ovaries, and brain. Therefore, blood testing does not reflect the levels of active unwrapped hormone that are available to the body, which is found in saliva. Salivary testing refl ...
Endocrine System Endocrine System: Overview Types of Hormones
Endocrine System Endocrine System: Overview Types of Hormones

... Endocrine glands – pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal, and thymus glands ...
The Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
The Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands

... bloodstream. Two of these hormones, called thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), increase your body's metabolic rate. Essentially the body's metabolic rate is how quickly the cells in your body use the energy stored within them. Thyroid hormones make cells use more energy. By controlling how muc ...
bio-pack-for-as
bio-pack-for-as

... receptors for particular hormones. Cells that don’t have such a receptor cannot be influenced directly by that hormone. When enough receptor sites are stimulated, this results in a physiological reaction in the target cell. Timing of hormone release is critical for normal functioning, as are the lev ...
MD0807 6-1 LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 6 Review of the
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... thyroid-stimulating hormone are produced, stimulating the thyroid and causing it to increase in size. Hence, a goiter (abnormal enlargement) is formed. (2) Graves' disease. Another form of goiter is called Graves’ disease. Graves’ disease is the result of an overactivity of the thyroid (or hyperthyr ...
osce_interpretingtfts - OSCE-Aid
osce_interpretingtfts - OSCE-Aid

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... • TSH control rate of secretion of thyroxine and triiodothyronine by the thyroid gland and these hormones control the rate of most interacellular chemical reaction in the body – Adrenocorticotropic hormone • ACTH control the secretion of some of the adrenocortical hormones ...
Hypothalamus & Pituitary
Hypothalamus & Pituitary

... Anterior Pituitary Hormones Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH): Females: stimulates growth & development of ovarian follicles, promotes secretion of estrogen by ovaries. Males: required for sperm production Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Females: responsible for ovulation, formation of corpus luteum in ...
Endocrinology
Endocrinology

... • Risk factors – age >65, female, white, Asian, fx of osteoporosis, small body size or weight, premature or surgical menopause, inadequate calcium intake, smoking, excessive etoh consumption, excessive physical activity causing amenorrhea, corticosteroids, anticonvulsants, hormonal, lifestyle, nutri ...
Thyroid Gland
Thyroid Gland

... Increases rate at which cells release energy from carbohydrates Enhances protein synthesis Necessary for normal growth and development Stimulates nervous system ...
Chapter 18 Endocrine system
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... 1. most endocrine glands are made of glandular epithelium 2. a few glands in the brain are made of modified neurons these are called neurosecretory tissue or neuroendocrine tissue the major endocrine glands include; 1. pituitary 2. thyroid 3. parathyroid 4. adrenal 5. pineal 6. thymus other organs w ...
the thyroid gland
the thyroid gland

... The thyroid gland develops embryologically from the developing pharyngeal epithelium that descends from the foramen cecum at the base of the tongue to its normal position in the anterior neck. This pattern of descent explains the occasional presence of ectopic thyroid tissue, most commonly located a ...
The Endocrine System
The Endocrine System

... sex hormones from the testes and ovaries and stimulate early development of reproductive organs. These hormones are male types (adrenal androgens), namely testosterone, but can be converted into female types, such as estrogens, by the skin, liver, and adipose tissues. [Hyposecretion causes congenita ...
GROWTH HORMONE
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...  Relation between GH & insulin-like growth factors  Functions of GH  Factors influencing GH secretion  GH abnormalities  Hormones affecting growth beside GH ...
THE PITUITARY HORMONES AND THEIR CONTROL
THE PITUITARY HORMONES AND THEIR CONTROL

... C. zona reticularis 1. deep layer 2. secretes cortisol, glucocorticoids, and adrenal androgens D. chemistry of the adrenocortical hormones 1. steroid compounds 2. cholesterol absorbed directly by endocytosis 3. membrane has receptors for LDL 4. some cholesterol synthesized intracellular E. Mineraloc ...
ANP 201 Dr Smith - University of Agriculture Abeokuta
ANP 201 Dr Smith - University of Agriculture Abeokuta

... The sex hormones are under the class of steroid hormones. They are derived from cholesterol in the gonads (testes and ovaries) and adrenal cortex of both sexes. They include estrogens, androgens and progesterone. 1. Testosterone (androgen) The androgens of which testosterone is the most prominent ar ...
Regents Biology - Magrin Science
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...  stimulates blood supply to lining of uterus  decreasing levels causes menstruation Regents Biology ...
endocrinology physiology - Sinoe Medical Association
endocrinology physiology - Sinoe Medical Association

... regulation of metabolism •preparation of the body for fighting, sex, fleeing, mating, and other activity •preparation of the body for a new phase of life, such as puberty, parenting, and menopause •control of the reproductive p cycle y •hunger cravings •A hormone may also regulate the production and ...
Regents Biology
Regents Biology

...  stimulates blood supply to lining of uterus  decreasing levels causes menstruation Regents Biology ...
Endocrine - Hamzology
Endocrine - Hamzology

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B6 Hormones

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Slide 1
Slide 1

... congenital adrenal hyperplasia lack of an enzyme needed by the adrenal gland to make the hormones cortisol and aldosterone. Without these hormones, the body produces more androgen, a type of male sex hormones. This causes early (or inappropriate) appearance of male characteristics. Newborn girls wit ...
Adrenal Insufficiency - Association for Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia
Adrenal Insufficiency - Association for Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia

... there is borderline low red blood cell counts (“anaemia”) as well. However, these findings are relatively unspecific and can be found in the context of several conditions other than adrenal insufficiency. To establish the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency with confidence, a short synacthen test (SS ...
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Hyperandrogenism

Hyperandrogenism, or androgen excess, is a medical condition characterized by excessive levels of androgens in the body and the associated effects of these excessive levels of androgens.Hyperandrogenism is one of the primary symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In such cases, it presents with symptoms such as acne and seborrhea, is frequent in adolescent girls and is often associated with irregular menstrual cycles. In most instances, these symptoms are transient and reflect only the immaturity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis during the first years following menarche. Approximately three-quarters of patients with PCOS (by the diagnostic criteria of NIH/NICHD 1990) have evidence of hyperandrogenism, with free testosterone being the single most predictive marker with ~60% of patients demonstrating supranormal levels.Hyperandrogenism can also be the result of excessive production of adrenal or gonadal androgens by adrenal adenomas, carcinomas, or hyperplasia, Leydig cell tumors in men, and arrhenoblastomas in women.In women, signs and symptoms of hyperandrogenism frequently include acne, scalp hair loss (androgenic alopecia), excessive facial and body hair (hirsutism), atypically high libido, breast atrophy, and others. Collectively, these symptoms are described as virilization.Management of hyperandrogenism symptoms like androgenic alopecia, include the use of antiandrogens such as cyproterone acetate, spironolactone, and flutamide.
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