17 Generator and Generator Transformer Protection
... fundamental energy into its electrical equivalent normally requires a 'prime mover' to develop mechanical power as an intermediate stage. The nature of this machine depends upon the source of energy and in turn this has some bearing on the design of the generator. Generators based on steam, gas, wat ...
... fundamental energy into its electrical equivalent normally requires a 'prime mover' to develop mechanical power as an intermediate stage. The nature of this machine depends upon the source of energy and in turn this has some bearing on the design of the generator. Generators based on steam, gas, wat ...
Third Rail Fuse Link Application Guide
... However, when there are many devices in parallel, isolation of any failed device by fuse links is then possible. Protection against external system faults is usually by use of a circuit breaker with the rectifiers and their individual fuse links being selected to allow the breaker to operate safely ...
... However, when there are many devices in parallel, isolation of any failed device by fuse links is then possible. Protection against external system faults is usually by use of a circuit breaker with the rectifiers and their individual fuse links being selected to allow the breaker to operate safely ...
CSE 241A / ECE 260B, Winter 2003 UCSD
... Locality problem is hard: magnetic field lines are not local; current returns can be complex Local calculation is easy: no strong geometry dependence; analytic formulae work very well ...
... Locality problem is hard: magnetic field lines are not local; current returns can be complex Local calculation is easy: no strong geometry dependence; analytic formulae work very well ...
excerpt
... increase in current. In some cases, protective devices which sense only current may not provide complete single-phasing protection. However, PRACTICAL experience has demonstrated that motor running overload devices properly sized and maintained can greatly reduce the problems of single-phasing for t ...
... increase in current. In some cases, protective devices which sense only current may not provide complete single-phasing protection. However, PRACTICAL experience has demonstrated that motor running overload devices properly sized and maintained can greatly reduce the problems of single-phasing for t ...
Full-Text PDF
... is below the main resonant frequency, LLC can both attain ZVS for primary power switches and zero-current-switching (ZCS) for output rectifiers [14]. Additionally, the converter benefits from a narrow switching frequency range with light load and ZVS capability, even with no load [15–19]. The compar ...
... is below the main resonant frequency, LLC can both attain ZVS for primary power switches and zero-current-switching (ZCS) for output rectifiers [14]. Additionally, the converter benefits from a narrow switching frequency range with light load and ZVS capability, even with no load [15–19]. The compar ...
8. Molded Case Circuit Breakers
... electronic trip units require special derating factors and cables or Bus at higher frequencies. The number of poles of a molded case circuit breaker is determined by the type of distribution system in which it is applied. Except in certain special applications, each hot conductor is considered a pol ...
... electronic trip units require special derating factors and cables or Bus at higher frequencies. The number of poles of a molded case circuit breaker is determined by the type of distribution system in which it is applied. Except in certain special applications, each hot conductor is considered a pol ...
vialox® nav® vialox® nav
... • The same colour properties and applications as normal NAV® lamps. • Improved luminous flux maintenance. ...
... • The same colour properties and applications as normal NAV® lamps. • Improved luminous flux maintenance. ...
The Tesla coil
... I am a believer in using short cuts in designs as long as they are technically solid and robust. In designing a Tesla coil, there are numerous equations and formulas that must be calculated. As a short cut, Kevin Wilson recommends the usage of the TeslaMap program. This is probably the fastest and ...
... I am a believer in using short cuts in designs as long as they are technically solid and robust. In designing a Tesla coil, there are numerous equations and formulas that must be calculated. As a short cut, Kevin Wilson recommends the usage of the TeslaMap program. This is probably the fastest and ...
5968M - Installation, Operation, and Maintenance Instructions
... WARNING: HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS The NEC and the local authority having jurisdiction must be consulted concerning the installation and suitability of motors for use in Hazardous Locations, in accordance with NEC Article 500. The local authority having jurisdiction must make the final determination of wh ...
... WARNING: HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS The NEC and the local authority having jurisdiction must be consulted concerning the installation and suitability of motors for use in Hazardous Locations, in accordance with NEC Article 500. The local authority having jurisdiction must make the final determination of wh ...
Mehta_uta_2502M_10921
... me the opportunity to express my interest in RFID to him and to work under him. When I joined The University of Texas at Arlington, I had very slight background in the RFID field. My thesis research could not have been completed without Dr. Engels who not only served as my supervisor but also encour ...
... me the opportunity to express my interest in RFID to him and to work under him. When I joined The University of Texas at Arlington, I had very slight background in the RFID field. My thesis research could not have been completed without Dr. Engels who not only served as my supervisor but also encour ...
Q60 Generation Interconnection
... Arizona Public Service (APS) performed this Generator Interconnection Facilities Study (FaS) in response to a generator interconnection request by the Interconnection Customer (IC). The Customer is listed in APS’s Active Generator Interconnection Queue as queue number 60 (Q60) and has already comple ...
... Arizona Public Service (APS) performed this Generator Interconnection Facilities Study (FaS) in response to a generator interconnection request by the Interconnection Customer (IC). The Customer is listed in APS’s Active Generator Interconnection Queue as queue number 60 (Q60) and has already comple ...
The DatasheetArchive - Datasheet Search Engine
... are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor doe ...
... are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor doe ...
MAX9789/MAX9790 Windows Vista-Compliant, Stereo Class AB Speaker Amplifiers and DirectDrive Headphone Amplifiers
... Separate speaker and headphone amplifier control inputs provide independent shutdown of the speaker and headphone amplifiers, allowing speaker and headphone amplifiers to be active simultaneously, if required. The industry-leading click-and-pop suppression circuitry reduces audible transients during ...
... Separate speaker and headphone amplifier control inputs provide independent shutdown of the speaker and headphone amplifiers, allowing speaker and headphone amplifiers to be active simultaneously, if required. The industry-leading click-and-pop suppression circuitry reduces audible transients during ...
modeling and simulation of permanent magnet synchronous motor
... Figure 5.13 Motor Electrical Speed with PWM Controller at 200 rad/s ................................ 61 Figure 5.14 IGBT Current with PWM Controller at 200 rad/s ............................................... 61 Figure 5.15 Diode Current with PWM Control at 200 rad/s................................ ...
... Figure 5.13 Motor Electrical Speed with PWM Controller at 200 rad/s ................................ 61 Figure 5.14 IGBT Current with PWM Controller at 200 rad/s ............................................... 61 Figure 5.15 Diode Current with PWM Control at 200 rad/s................................ ...
Phase Distance & Power Transformers
... • In order to provide flexibility modern distance relays offer a choice with respect to polarization of ground overcurrent direction functions: – Voltage polarization – Current polarization – Dual polarization ...
... • In order to provide flexibility modern distance relays offer a choice with respect to polarization of ground overcurrent direction functions: – Voltage polarization – Current polarization – Dual polarization ...
Aalborg Universitet Li, Helong
... Li, H. (2015). Parallel Connection of Silicon Carbide MOSFETs for Multichip Power Modules. Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University. ...
... Li, H. (2015). Parallel Connection of Silicon Carbide MOSFETs for Multichip Power Modules. Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University. ...
Characterictics Program CurveSelect
... under operational as well as under exceptional conditions. Constructive features of the circuit-breaker can have an influence on the specific tripping characteristic. The tripping characteristic must correspond with the demands of the equipment to be protected. A trip will not occur underneath or le ...
... under operational as well as under exceptional conditions. Constructive features of the circuit-breaker can have an influence on the specific tripping characteristic. The tripping characteristic must correspond with the demands of the equipment to be protected. A trip will not occur underneath or le ...
HubbellBuilding Automation - Hubbell Control Solutions
... except where noted, by George Brainard Photography – Austin, Texas USA. Product Catalog design production by Matt Whitehead Design – Austin, Texas USA. Photography on pages 4 and 24 by Shane Thomas, Las Cruces, New Mexico USA. ...
... except where noted, by George Brainard Photography – Austin, Texas USA. Product Catalog design production by Matt Whitehead Design – Austin, Texas USA. Photography on pages 4 and 24 by Shane Thomas, Las Cruces, New Mexico USA. ...
CAT L-200 24 Technical Information pages 783
... for national consensus standards and coordinates and manages their development, resolves national standards problems, and ensures effective participation in international standardization. Various U.S. Government Agencies often adopt ANSI Standards. For example, the Department of Defense has made man ...
... for national consensus standards and coordinates and manages their development, resolves national standards problems, and ensures effective participation in international standardization. Various U.S. Government Agencies often adopt ANSI Standards. For example, the Department of Defense has made man ...
The Connecticut Light and Power Company The United Illuminating
... The Generating Facility shall not: (i) actively regulate the voltage of the EPS unless specifically agreed by the EDC; (ii) cause the voltage at any point along the EPS to deviate from the levels prescribed by the State of Connecticut (+3% / -5% of nominal); or (iii) cause any voltage deviations, wh ...
... The Generating Facility shall not: (i) actively regulate the voltage of the EPS unless specifically agreed by the EDC; (ii) cause the voltage at any point along the EPS to deviate from the levels prescribed by the State of Connecticut (+3% / -5% of nominal); or (iii) cause any voltage deviations, wh ...
HS2313011312
... stage that is comprised of the two cross coupled inverters, where each input is connected to the output of the other. It operates in two phases.1) Interface phase and 2) Regeneration phase. It consists of single nmos tail transistor connected to ground. When clock is low tail transistor is off and d ...
... stage that is comprised of the two cross coupled inverters, where each input is connected to the output of the other. It operates in two phases.1) Interface phase and 2) Regeneration phase. It consists of single nmos tail transistor connected to ground. When clock is low tail transistor is off and d ...
Power engineering
Power engineering, also called power systems engineering, is a subfield of energy engineering that deals with the generation, transmission, distribution and utilization of electric power and the electrical devices connected to such systems including generators, motors and transformers. Although much of the field is concerned with the problems of three-phase AC power – the standard for large-scale power transmission and distribution across the modern world – a significant fraction of the field is concerned with the conversion between AC and DC power and the development of specialized power systems such as those used in aircraft or for electric railway networks. It was a subfield of electrical engineering before the emergence of energy engineering.Electricity became a subject of scientific interest in the late 17th century with the work of William Gilbert. Over the next two centuries a number of important discoveries were made including the incandescent light bulb and the voltaic pile. Probably the greatest discovery with respect to power engineering came from Michael Faraday who in 1831 discovered that a change in magnetic flux induces an electromotive force in a loop of wire—a principle known as electromagnetic induction that helps explain how generators and transformers work.In 1881 two electricians built the world's first power station at Godalming in England. The station employed two waterwheels to produce an alternating current that was used to supply seven Siemens arc lamps at 250 volts and thirty-four incandescent lamps at 40 volts. However supply was intermittent and in 1882 Thomas Edison and his company, The Edison Electric Light Company, developed the first steam-powered electric power station on Pearl Street in New York City. The Pearl Street Station consisted of several generators and initially powered around 3,000 lamps for 59 customers. The power station used direct current and operated at a single voltage. Since the direct current power could not be easily transformed to the higher voltages necessary to minimise power loss during transmission, the possible distance between the generators and load was limited to around half-a-mile (800 m).That same year in London Lucien Gaulard and John Dixon Gibbs demonstrated the first transformer suitable for use in a real power system. The practical value of Gaulard and Gibbs' transformer was demonstrated in 1884 at Turin where the transformer was used to light up forty kilometres (25 miles) of railway from a single alternating current generator. Despite the success of the system, the pair made some fundamental mistakes. Perhaps the most serious was connecting the primaries of the transformers in series so that switching one lamp on or off would affect other lamps further down the line. Following the demonstration George Westinghouse, an American entrepreneur, imported a number of the transformers along with a Siemens generator and set his engineers to experimenting with them in the hopes of improving them for use in a commercial power system.One of Westinghouse's engineers, William Stanley, recognised the problem with connecting transformers in series as opposed to parallel and also realised that making the iron core of a transformer a fully enclosed loop would improve the voltage regulation of the secondary winding. Using this knowledge he built a much improved alternating current power system at Great Barrington, Massachusetts in 1886. In 1885 the Italian physicist and electrical engineer Galileo Ferraris demonstrated an induction motor and in 1887 and 1888 the Serbian-American engineer Nikola Tesla filed a range of patents related to power systems including one for a practical two-phase induction motor which Westinghouse licensed for his AC system.By 1890 the power industry had flourished and power companies had built thousands of power systems (both direct and alternating current) in the United States and Europe – these networks were effectively dedicated to providing electric lighting. During this time a fierce rivalry in the US known as the ""War of Currents"" emerged between Edison and Westinghouse over which form of transmission (direct or alternating current) was superior. In 1891, Westinghouse installed the first major power system that was designed to drive an electric motor and not just provide electric lighting. The installation powered a 100 horsepower (75 kW) synchronous motor at Telluride, Colorado with the motor being started by a Tesla induction motor. On the other side of the Atlantic, Oskar von Miller built a 20 kV 176 km three-phase transmission line from Lauffen am Neckar to Frankfurt am Main for the Electrical Engineering Exhibition in Frankfurt. In 1895, after a protracted decision-making process, the Adams No. 1 generating station at Niagara Falls began transmitting three-phase alternating current power to Buffalo at 11 kV. Following completion of the Niagara Falls project, new power systems increasingly chose alternating current as opposed to direct current for electrical transmission.Although the 1880s and 1890s were seminal decades in the field, developments in power engineering continued throughout the 20th and 21st century. In 1936 the first commercial high-voltage direct current (HVDC) line using mercury-arc valves was built between Schenectady and Mechanicville, New York. HVDC had previously been achieved by installing direct current generators in series (a system known as the Thury system) although this suffered from serious reliability issues. In 1957 Siemens demonstrated the first solid-state rectifier (solid-state rectifiers are now the standard for HVDC systems) however it was not until the early 1970s that this technology was used in commercial power systems. In 1959 Westinghouse demonstrated the first circuit breaker that used SF6 as the interrupting medium. SF6 is a far superior dielectric to air and, in recent times, its use has been extended to produce far more compact switching equipment (known as switchgear) and transformers. Many important developments also came from extending innovations in the ICT field to the power engineering field. For example, the development of computers meant load flow studies could be run more efficiently allowing for much better planning of power systems. Advances in information technology and telecommunication also allowed for much better remote control of the power system's switchgear and generators.