Lightning Transient Suppression Circuit Design
... model offered by Vishay has been found empirically to open when exposed to a 200 µs rectangular pulse resulting in the dissipation of 1.2 J of energy – 60 % derating (multiply 1.2 J/W by 0.6 resulting in 0.72 J/W) of this model of resistor has shown the resistor to reliably tolerate the transie ...
... model offered by Vishay has been found empirically to open when exposed to a 200 µs rectangular pulse resulting in the dissipation of 1.2 J of energy – 60 % derating (multiply 1.2 J/W by 0.6 resulting in 0.72 J/W) of this model of resistor has shown the resistor to reliably tolerate the transie ...
Analog Dialogue Volume 48 Number 3
... Developed by Philips in the early 1980s for ICs on a single board, I2C usage is still increasing. The power management bus (PMBus), a relatively slow, 2-wire communications protocol based on I²C, is targeted at digital management of power supplies. The PMBus protocol defines an open-standard, digita ...
... Developed by Philips in the early 1980s for ICs on a single board, I2C usage is still increasing. The power management bus (PMBus), a relatively slow, 2-wire communications protocol based on I²C, is targeted at digital management of power supplies. The PMBus protocol defines an open-standard, digita ...
MAX13253 1A, Spread-Spectrum, Push-Pull, Transformer Driver for Isolated Power Supplies General Description
... power supplies. The MAX13253 has an internal oscillator and operates from a single +3.0V to +5.5V supply. The transformer’s secondary-to-primary winding ratio defines the output voltage, allowing selection of virtually any isolated output voltage with galvanic isolation. The MAX13253 features an int ...
... power supplies. The MAX13253 has an internal oscillator and operates from a single +3.0V to +5.5V supply. The transformer’s secondary-to-primary winding ratio defines the output voltage, allowing selection of virtually any isolated output voltage with galvanic isolation. The MAX13253 features an int ...
BD6962FVM
... Input pins of an IC are often connected to the gate of a MOS transistor. The gate has extremely high impedance and extremely low capacitance. If left unconnected, the electric field from the outside can easily charge it. The small charge acquired in this way is enough to produce a significant effect ...
... Input pins of an IC are often connected to the gate of a MOS transistor. The gate has extremely high impedance and extremely low capacitance. If left unconnected, the electric field from the outside can easily charge it. The small charge acquired in this way is enough to produce a significant effect ...
MAX8896 Dual PWM Step-Down Converter in a 2mm x General Description
... (typ) bypass FET to power the PA directly from the battery during high-power transmission. A second highefficiency PWM step-down converter (OUT2) supplies power directly to a high PSRR, low output noise, 200mA low-dropout linear regulator (LDO) to power the RF transceiver. Fast switching allows the ...
... (typ) bypass FET to power the PA directly from the battery during high-power transmission. A second highefficiency PWM step-down converter (OUT2) supplies power directly to a high PSRR, low output noise, 200mA low-dropout linear regulator (LDO) to power the RF transceiver. Fast switching allows the ...
Electric Circuits Review
... 7. Which of the following statements are true about a parallel circuit? List all that apply. a. Parallel circuits are characterized by the fact that there are multiple pathways by which charge can travel from the + terminal to the - terminal. b. During any single loop of charge around a parallel cir ...
... 7. Which of the following statements are true about a parallel circuit? List all that apply. a. Parallel circuits are characterized by the fact that there are multiple pathways by which charge can travel from the + terminal to the - terminal. b. During any single loop of charge around a parallel cir ...
1. Introduction - About the journal
... applications, a current-reused two-stage common source topology has been proposed for the RF front-end circuits [9]-[13]. It can provide sufficient gain while the supply voltage and power consumption is low, but the noise is slightly higher. To address the above mentioned problems, we present a modi ...
... applications, a current-reused two-stage common source topology has been proposed for the RF front-end circuits [9]-[13]. It can provide sufficient gain while the supply voltage and power consumption is low, but the noise is slightly higher. To address the above mentioned problems, we present a modi ...
Precision, Low Power INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER INA118
... The INA118 can be operated on power supplies as low as ±1.35V. Performance of the INA118 remains excellent with power supplies ranging from ±1.35V to ±18V. Most parameters vary only slightly throughout this supply voltage range— see typical performance curves. Operation at very low supply voltage re ...
... The INA118 can be operated on power supplies as low as ±1.35V. Performance of the INA118 remains excellent with power supplies ranging from ±1.35V to ±18V. Most parameters vary only slightly throughout this supply voltage range— see typical performance curves. Operation at very low supply voltage re ...
Aalborg Universitet Microgrids
... DGs. The approach presented in [7] is based on controlling each DG unit of a microgrid as a negative sequence conductance to compensate voltage unbalance. The conductance reference is determined by applying a droop characteristic which uses negative sequence reactive power to provide the compensatio ...
... DGs. The approach presented in [7] is based on controlling each DG unit of a microgrid as a negative sequence conductance to compensate voltage unbalance. The conductance reference is determined by applying a droop characteristic which uses negative sequence reactive power to provide the compensatio ...
Current flow controller - European Patent Office
... [0010] In embodiments of the invention, the current flow controller may include first and second main switching elements, the first main switching element being operatively connected between the first and third terminals, the second main switching element being operatively connected between the seco ...
... [0010] In embodiments of the invention, the current flow controller may include first and second main switching elements, the first main switching element being operatively connected between the first and third terminals, the second main switching element being operatively connected between the seco ...
LCA-XXX-CCD-REB
... 4) Set clock rail DACs (and power on parallel clock rails) so that for each type of clock either the low clock rail or the high clock rail is at 0V, while the other is at its final value. 5) Disable CABAC1 safeties and program an intermediate bias value (specific to CABAC1). If using CABAC2 for bias ...
... 4) Set clock rail DACs (and power on parallel clock rails) so that for each type of clock either the low clock rail or the high clock rail is at 0V, while the other is at its final value. 5) Disable CABAC1 safeties and program an intermediate bias value (specific to CABAC1). If using CABAC2 for bias ...
DU-35MV 50/100/200mV DC Full Scale 3 1/2 Digit with 0.56” LEDs
... Pin 3 - Signal Input Low: Signal low input for the meter. Pin 9 - Hold Reading: If this Pin is left unconnected, the meter will operate in a free-running mode. When this pin is connected to the Hold/Test Common Pin 11, the meter will latch up. A/D conversions will continue, but the display will not ...
... Pin 3 - Signal Input Low: Signal low input for the meter. Pin 9 - Hold Reading: If this Pin is left unconnected, the meter will operate in a free-running mode. When this pin is connected to the Hold/Test Common Pin 11, the meter will latch up. A/D conversions will continue, but the display will not ...
The RF Line
... Motorola reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. Motorola makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does Motorola assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any ...
... Motorola reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. Motorola makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does Motorola assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any ...
General Information
... * Unit maximum net capacity output (unit CIR): * Unit gross energy output: * Unit reactive power capability at max gross energy output - leading: * Unit reactive power capability at max gross energy output - lagging: Unit auxiliary load at max gross energy power output: * Where is the auxiliary load ...
... * Unit maximum net capacity output (unit CIR): * Unit gross energy output: * Unit reactive power capability at max gross energy output - leading: * Unit reactive power capability at max gross energy output - lagging: Unit auxiliary load at max gross energy power output: * Where is the auxiliary load ...
Cable Heating Effects due to Harmonic Distortion in
... Abstract—The increasing use of non-linear loads in electrical installations has exacerbated the problems of harmonic distortion in industrial and commercial electrical systems. In the UK the current practice to determine the cable size for an electric circuit is to use BS7671. However, previously th ...
... Abstract—The increasing use of non-linear loads in electrical installations has exacerbated the problems of harmonic distortion in industrial and commercial electrical systems. In the UK the current practice to determine the cable size for an electric circuit is to use BS7671. However, previously th ...
ElEctrical SafEty
... three things that could have been done to prevent this death. 3. Bring the class back together. Ask for one idea from each group. Write ideas on the board or on flipchart paper; add any that the students did not think of. Possible answers: • If the circuit had been equipped with a GFCI, the cu ...
... three things that could have been done to prevent this death. 3. Bring the class back together. Ask for one idea from each group. Write ideas on the board or on flipchart paper; add any that the students did not think of. Possible answers: • If the circuit had been equipped with a GFCI, the cu ...
High Voltage Power Supply Technology for Use in Power Feed
... power conversion technologies. For this reason, and others, PFE has traditionally been designed and manufactured by the captive manufacturers of undersea cable systems. Historically, this strategy was driven by the critical application knowledge required to design PFE, and the absence of this knowle ...
... power conversion technologies. For this reason, and others, PFE has traditionally been designed and manufactured by the captive manufacturers of undersea cable systems. Historically, this strategy was driven by the critical application knowledge required to design PFE, and the absence of this knowle ...
Super-Positioning of Voltage Sources for Fast Assessment of Wide
... of power system simulations [9]. Another method for domain decomposition rely on network reduction by formulation of the Schur complement. With this method one can reduce variables inside sub-domains of a problem while preserving the relationship between interface variables acting on the global doma ...
... of power system simulations [9]. Another method for domain decomposition rely on network reduction by formulation of the Schur complement. With this method one can reduce variables inside sub-domains of a problem while preserving the relationship between interface variables acting on the global doma ...
Low Power High Speed Differential Current Comparator
... A stage wise vision of the proposed comparator is presented here which are as follows: Current to Voltage Converter Circuit: The Wilson's current mirror comparator circuit suffers from a few drawbacks such as poor power supply noise rejection and other intrinsic limitation faced by a single ended to ...
... A stage wise vision of the proposed comparator is presented here which are as follows: Current to Voltage Converter Circuit: The Wilson's current mirror comparator circuit suffers from a few drawbacks such as poor power supply noise rejection and other intrinsic limitation faced by a single ended to ...
Analysis of an Economical BLDC Drive System
... systems are very high the efficient BLDC motor cannot be used in low cost applications. The use of 6 switch inverter increases conduction losses as well as the cost of the drive system. The four switch inverter used in the proposed system helps in reducing conduction losses and cost, moreover as two ...
... systems are very high the efficient BLDC motor cannot be used in low cost applications. The use of 6 switch inverter increases conduction losses as well as the cost of the drive system. The four switch inverter used in the proposed system helps in reducing conduction losses and cost, moreover as two ...
Power engineering
Power engineering, also called power systems engineering, is a subfield of energy engineering that deals with the generation, transmission, distribution and utilization of electric power and the electrical devices connected to such systems including generators, motors and transformers. Although much of the field is concerned with the problems of three-phase AC power – the standard for large-scale power transmission and distribution across the modern world – a significant fraction of the field is concerned with the conversion between AC and DC power and the development of specialized power systems such as those used in aircraft or for electric railway networks. It was a subfield of electrical engineering before the emergence of energy engineering.Electricity became a subject of scientific interest in the late 17th century with the work of William Gilbert. Over the next two centuries a number of important discoveries were made including the incandescent light bulb and the voltaic pile. Probably the greatest discovery with respect to power engineering came from Michael Faraday who in 1831 discovered that a change in magnetic flux induces an electromotive force in a loop of wire—a principle known as electromagnetic induction that helps explain how generators and transformers work.In 1881 two electricians built the world's first power station at Godalming in England. The station employed two waterwheels to produce an alternating current that was used to supply seven Siemens arc lamps at 250 volts and thirty-four incandescent lamps at 40 volts. However supply was intermittent and in 1882 Thomas Edison and his company, The Edison Electric Light Company, developed the first steam-powered electric power station on Pearl Street in New York City. The Pearl Street Station consisted of several generators and initially powered around 3,000 lamps for 59 customers. The power station used direct current and operated at a single voltage. Since the direct current power could not be easily transformed to the higher voltages necessary to minimise power loss during transmission, the possible distance between the generators and load was limited to around half-a-mile (800 m).That same year in London Lucien Gaulard and John Dixon Gibbs demonstrated the first transformer suitable for use in a real power system. The practical value of Gaulard and Gibbs' transformer was demonstrated in 1884 at Turin where the transformer was used to light up forty kilometres (25 miles) of railway from a single alternating current generator. Despite the success of the system, the pair made some fundamental mistakes. Perhaps the most serious was connecting the primaries of the transformers in series so that switching one lamp on or off would affect other lamps further down the line. Following the demonstration George Westinghouse, an American entrepreneur, imported a number of the transformers along with a Siemens generator and set his engineers to experimenting with them in the hopes of improving them for use in a commercial power system.One of Westinghouse's engineers, William Stanley, recognised the problem with connecting transformers in series as opposed to parallel and also realised that making the iron core of a transformer a fully enclosed loop would improve the voltage regulation of the secondary winding. Using this knowledge he built a much improved alternating current power system at Great Barrington, Massachusetts in 1886. In 1885 the Italian physicist and electrical engineer Galileo Ferraris demonstrated an induction motor and in 1887 and 1888 the Serbian-American engineer Nikola Tesla filed a range of patents related to power systems including one for a practical two-phase induction motor which Westinghouse licensed for his AC system.By 1890 the power industry had flourished and power companies had built thousands of power systems (both direct and alternating current) in the United States and Europe – these networks were effectively dedicated to providing electric lighting. During this time a fierce rivalry in the US known as the ""War of Currents"" emerged between Edison and Westinghouse over which form of transmission (direct or alternating current) was superior. In 1891, Westinghouse installed the first major power system that was designed to drive an electric motor and not just provide electric lighting. The installation powered a 100 horsepower (75 kW) synchronous motor at Telluride, Colorado with the motor being started by a Tesla induction motor. On the other side of the Atlantic, Oskar von Miller built a 20 kV 176 km three-phase transmission line from Lauffen am Neckar to Frankfurt am Main for the Electrical Engineering Exhibition in Frankfurt. In 1895, after a protracted decision-making process, the Adams No. 1 generating station at Niagara Falls began transmitting three-phase alternating current power to Buffalo at 11 kV. Following completion of the Niagara Falls project, new power systems increasingly chose alternating current as opposed to direct current for electrical transmission.Although the 1880s and 1890s were seminal decades in the field, developments in power engineering continued throughout the 20th and 21st century. In 1936 the first commercial high-voltage direct current (HVDC) line using mercury-arc valves was built between Schenectady and Mechanicville, New York. HVDC had previously been achieved by installing direct current generators in series (a system known as the Thury system) although this suffered from serious reliability issues. In 1957 Siemens demonstrated the first solid-state rectifier (solid-state rectifiers are now the standard for HVDC systems) however it was not until the early 1970s that this technology was used in commercial power systems. In 1959 Westinghouse demonstrated the first circuit breaker that used SF6 as the interrupting medium. SF6 is a far superior dielectric to air and, in recent times, its use has been extended to produce far more compact switching equipment (known as switchgear) and transformers. Many important developments also came from extending innovations in the ICT field to the power engineering field. For example, the development of computers meant load flow studies could be run more efficiently allowing for much better planning of power systems. Advances in information technology and telecommunication also allowed for much better remote control of the power system's switchgear and generators.