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PowerPoint Presentation - Language in Cognitive Science
PowerPoint Presentation - Language in Cognitive Science

... Use of Algorithms: essential to setting up templates for language—are what enables programmer to set up the restrictions, distributions, etc… Use of Models (an example) Acoustic Model: Template design for measuring the prosody of a given sample of language (transition probabilities, output distribut ...
Topic 21
Topic 21

... which there is a major impairment of language comprehension, while speech retains a natural-sounding rhythm and a relatively normal sentence structure. • the second area is Broca's area, located in the posterior inferior frontal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere. • people with a lesion to this area d ...
THE EVOLUTION OF LANGUAGE
THE EVOLUTION OF LANGUAGE

... another person by imitating the animal's cries. • Steven Pinker suggests in his book The Language Instinct, "Perhaps a set of quasi-referential calls . . . came under the voluntary control of the cerebral cortex [which controls language], and came to be produced in combination for complicated events ...
Interlanguage - WordPress.com
Interlanguage - WordPress.com

... It was coined by the American linguist, Larry Selinker. L2 learners construct a linguistic system that draws, in part, on the learner’s L1, but is also different from it and target language. ...
LANGUAGE
LANGUAGE

... • Can be different… the “a” in cat is a different phoneme than the “a” in day even though it is the same letter of the alphabet. • Phonemes are not just letters, “th” and “sh” are phonemes too. • Phonemes present the biggest problem for people trying to learn a language. ...
Input Hypothesis
Input Hypothesis

... develops from structures, processes, and “idea”which are in the mind at birth (i.e. are innate), rather than from the environment, and that these are responsible for the basic structure of language and how it is learned.  This hypothesis has been used to explain how children are able to learn langu ...
Diapositiva 1
Diapositiva 1

... • The acquisition-learning hypothesis (2) 1. Krashen argues that “acquisition” is a more important process of constructing the system of a language than “learning” because fluency in L2 performance is due to what we have acquired, not what we have learned. 2. Learning cannot turn into acquisition. M ...
Fitness and the selective adaptation of language.
Fitness and the selective adaptation of language.

... ...
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Critical period hypothesis

The critical period hypothesis is the subject of a long-standing debate in linguistics and language acquisition over the extent to which the ability to acquire language is biologically linked to age. The hypothesis claims that there is an ideal time window to acquire language in a linguistically rich environment, after which further language acquisition becomes much more difficult and effortful.The critical period hypothesis states that the first few years of life is the crucial time in which an individual can acquire a first language if presented with adequate stimuli. If language input doesn't occur until after this time, the individual will never achieve a full command of language—especially grammatical systems.The evidence for such a period is limited, and support stems largely from theoretical arguments and analogies to other critical periods in biology such as visual development, but nonetheless is widely accepted. The nature of such a critical period, however, has been one of the most fiercely debated issues in psycholinguistics and cognitive science in general for decades. Some writers have suggested a ""sensitive"" or ""optimal"" period rather than a critical one; others dispute the causes (physical maturation, cognitive factors). The duration of the period also varies greatly in different accounts.In second-language acquisition, the strongest evidence for the critical period hypothesis is in the study of accent, where most older learners do not reach a native-like level. However, under certain conditions, native-like accent has been observed, suggesting that accent is affected by multiple factors, such as identity and motivation, rather than a critical period biological constraint (Moyer, 1999; Bongaerts et al., 1995; Young-Scholten, 2002).The assumption that there is a critical period is closely related to early immersion like a production.Template:Huh?
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