focusing of light by corneal lenses in a reflecting superposition eye
... focuses the light (Iga, 1980). Interference fringes, demonstrating the existence of a refractive-index gradient, can be seen in Fig. 3. In the reflecting superposition eyes described by Vogt and Land, parallel rays incident on an ommatidium are not focused by that ommatidium (except perhaps for the ...
... focuses the light (Iga, 1980). Interference fringes, demonstrating the existence of a refractive-index gradient, can be seen in Fig. 3. In the reflecting superposition eyes described by Vogt and Land, parallel rays incident on an ommatidium are not focused by that ommatidium (except perhaps for the ...
Chapter 2: Propagation of Laser Beams
... Chapter 2 Propagation of Laser Beams Lecture 1 Gaussian laser beams 2.1 Scalar wave equation Lasers are coherent electromagnetic waves. Control of laser beams is a main topic of this course. Laser beams usually have a concentrated profile in the transverse direction, which diverges slowly when propa ...
... Chapter 2 Propagation of Laser Beams Lecture 1 Gaussian laser beams 2.1 Scalar wave equation Lasers are coherent electromagnetic waves. Control of laser beams is a main topic of this course. Laser beams usually have a concentrated profile in the transverse direction, which diverges slowly when propa ...
Supplementary Methods and References
... shown in the difference image in Fig. S7c. By extending this correction to the entire spectral range, we obtained the undistorted spectral data cube, which is applied to each measured spectral cube I ( x, y, k ) before the phase map calculation. Image registration of unstained and stained tissue Co ...
... shown in the difference image in Fig. S7c. By extending this correction to the entire spectral range, we obtained the undistorted spectral data cube, which is applied to each measured spectral cube I ( x, y, k ) before the phase map calculation. Image registration of unstained and stained tissue Co ...
Measurement of Surface Quality 1. Lyot Test 2. FECO 3. Nomarski
... Nomarski microscope is sometimes called a differential interference contrast (DIC) microscope or a polarization interference contrast microscope. ...
... Nomarski microscope is sometimes called a differential interference contrast (DIC) microscope or a polarization interference contrast microscope. ...
VLTI
... Dense equatorial wind disk-like structure able to shield the disk material to allow molecules and dust to be formed near the hot central star (Kraus & Lamers 2003). ...
... Dense equatorial wind disk-like structure able to shield the disk material to allow molecules and dust to be formed near the hot central star (Kraus & Lamers 2003). ...
The Physics of Renewable Energy
... 2. A water wave moves from deep to shallow water. Describe changes that occur to the following characteristics of the wave as it crosses the boundary from deep to shallow water: ...
... 2. A water wave moves from deep to shallow water. Describe changes that occur to the following characteristics of the wave as it crosses the boundary from deep to shallow water: ...
Self-rotation of resonant elliptically polarized light in collision
... [14], where the effect was determined to arise from alignment of anisotropic molecules [15] and electronic polarization of the medium induced by the light field [16]. Self-rotation in resonant atomic vapors, also caused by induced polarization of the medium, has been studied since the late 1960’s. T ...
... [14], where the effect was determined to arise from alignment of anisotropic molecules [15] and electronic polarization of the medium induced by the light field [16]. Self-rotation in resonant atomic vapors, also caused by induced polarization of the medium, has been studied since the late 1960’s. T ...
Fiber Optics Communications
... communicate with their fleets • Lightwave communication started with the invention of photophone by Alexander Graham Bell in 1880, which used Sun light as carrier and air as transmission media. Sound information is transmitted this way up to 200 meters. • The biggest obstacle for using optic fibers ...
... communicate with their fleets • Lightwave communication started with the invention of photophone by Alexander Graham Bell in 1880, which used Sun light as carrier and air as transmission media. Sound information is transmitted this way up to 200 meters. • The biggest obstacle for using optic fibers ...
Electromagnetic Boundary Conditions
... and B to their sources, the displacement field D and the magnetic field intensity H. Properties of the propagation media involved are parameterized by (frequency dependent) material constants of linear relations among D and E (D = εE), and B and H (B = μH). Since the boundary conditions are statemen ...
... and B to their sources, the displacement field D and the magnetic field intensity H. Properties of the propagation media involved are parameterized by (frequency dependent) material constants of linear relations among D and E (D = εE), and B and H (B = μH). Since the boundary conditions are statemen ...
An Optical ‘‘Janus’’ Device for Integrated Photonics By Xiang Zhang*
... dimensionality by integrating multiple, independent optical elements into the same footprint. Electromagnetic waves passing through a physical space can be caused to experience a predetermined virtual space by modifying the underlying material properties in a spatial manner. This is possible because ...
... dimensionality by integrating multiple, independent optical elements into the same footprint. Electromagnetic waves passing through a physical space can be caused to experience a predetermined virtual space by modifying the underlying material properties in a spatial manner. This is possible because ...
A short tutorial on optical rogue waves
... The study of oceanic rogue waves was recognized as an important field of study, requiring new research into the ways propagating wave groups on the ocean surface can attain states of high localization ...
... The study of oceanic rogue waves was recognized as an important field of study, requiring new research into the ways propagating wave groups on the ocean surface can attain states of high localization ...
Introduction to Multiplexing in Fiber Optics
... Although high-speed TDM devices are available for aggregate data rates of 10-40 Gbps for telecommunications applications, affordable components, e.g.TDM ICs, fiber optic transceivers and test equipment, are currently limited to 2.5 Gbps. TDM can also be done in several stages, e.g. programmable logi ...
... Although high-speed TDM devices are available for aggregate data rates of 10-40 Gbps for telecommunications applications, affordable components, e.g.TDM ICs, fiber optic transceivers and test equipment, are currently limited to 2.5 Gbps. TDM can also be done in several stages, e.g. programmable logi ...
F - DCS Physics
... The incident ray, refracted ray and normal all lie on the same plane SNELLS LAW the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is constant for 2 given media. sin i = n (Refractive Index) ...
... The incident ray, refracted ray and normal all lie on the same plane SNELLS LAW the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is constant for 2 given media. sin i = n (Refractive Index) ...
PDF
... object along the beam axis. A focused Gaussian beam has light intensity gradients both along the beam axis and perpendicular to it. The resulting optical gradient forces pul the high-index objects towards the focus with the highest intensity, and a stable trapping is achieved when they overcome the ...
... object along the beam axis. A focused Gaussian beam has light intensity gradients both along the beam axis and perpendicular to it. The resulting optical gradient forces pul the high-index objects towards the focus with the highest intensity, and a stable trapping is achieved when they overcome the ...
Optics - MIT Fab Lab
... trivial: it says that there is no reflection if the materials are the same. E1 can also vanish when the denominator diverges, which will happen if θ0 + θ2 = π/2, which means that the transmitted and reflected beams are perpendicular. This angle is called Brewster’s angle θB , and may be found from S ...
... trivial: it says that there is no reflection if the materials are the same. E1 can also vanish when the denominator diverges, which will happen if θ0 + θ2 = π/2, which means that the transmitted and reflected beams are perpendicular. This angle is called Brewster’s angle θB , and may be found from S ...
Acknowledgments
... In mechanical engineering, a primary motivation for studying optics is to learn how to use optical techniques for making measurements. Optical techniques are widely used in many areas of the thermal sciences for measuring system temperatures, velocities, and species on a time- and space-resolved bas ...
... In mechanical engineering, a primary motivation for studying optics is to learn how to use optical techniques for making measurements. Optical techniques are widely used in many areas of the thermal sciences for measuring system temperatures, velocities, and species on a time- and space-resolved bas ...
Birefringence
Birefringence is the optical property of a material having a refractive index that depends on the polarization and propagation direction of light. These optically anisotropic materials are said to be birefringent (or birefractive). The birefringence is often quantified as the maximum difference between refractive indices exhibited by the material. Crystals with asymmetric crystal structures are often birefringent, as are plastics under mechanical stress.Birefringence is responsible for the phenomenon of double refraction whereby a ray of light, when incident upon a birefringent material, is split by polarization into two rays taking slightly different paths. This effect was first described by the Danish scientist Rasmus Bartholin in 1669, who observed it in calcite, a crystal having one of the strongest birefringences. However it was not until the 19th century that Augustin-Jean Fresnel described the phenomenon in terms of polarization, understanding light as a wave with field components in transverse polarizations (perpendicular to the direction of the wave vector).