Metamaterials: a new frontier of science and technology Chem. Soc. Rev 40
... Negative-index materials give rise to a host of counterintuitive phenomena as Veselago discussed in his seminal paper.6 For example, if light is incident from a positive-index material to a negative-index one, the refracted light lies on the same side as the incident light with respect to the surfac ...
... Negative-index materials give rise to a host of counterintuitive phenomena as Veselago discussed in his seminal paper.6 For example, if light is incident from a positive-index material to a negative-index one, the refracted light lies on the same side as the incident light with respect to the surfac ...
materials Volume Holograms in Photopolymers: Comparison between Analytical and Rigorous Theories
... Photopolymers are useful for different applications due to the refractive index variations and relief profiles generated [1–8]. There are many types of photopolymers that may be differentiated by the type of binder, since this component determines to a great extent the choice of monomer, dye and ini ...
... Photopolymers are useful for different applications due to the refractive index variations and relief profiles generated [1–8]. There are many types of photopolymers that may be differentiated by the type of binder, since this component determines to a great extent the choice of monomer, dye and ini ...
Sample Pages
... field distributions with the special property that their shape in the transverse direction remains constant during propagation. These field distributions have only a phase change (which is the propagation constant times the propagation distance z), and a change of power proportional to exp(z) wh ...
... field distributions with the special property that their shape in the transverse direction remains constant during propagation. These field distributions have only a phase change (which is the propagation constant times the propagation distance z), and a change of power proportional to exp(z) wh ...
Lesson 1 - primalight
... Average power x unit area carried by the EM field in the direction of propagation of the energy In the complex formalism: ...
... Average power x unit area carried by the EM field in the direction of propagation of the energy In the complex formalism: ...
INTERFEROMETERS NOTE: Most mirrors in the apparatus are front
... The Michelson interferometer is fully described in references 1, 2 and 3. Light from an extended source is separated into 2 paths by partial reflection from a semi-silvered mirror, and then recombined by the same mechanism, so that interference occurs. The particularly useful feature of this interfe ...
... The Michelson interferometer is fully described in references 1, 2 and 3. Light from an extended source is separated into 2 paths by partial reflection from a semi-silvered mirror, and then recombined by the same mechanism, so that interference occurs. The particularly useful feature of this interfe ...
CUT OFF FREQUENCY FOR DIFFERENT MODES
... We can see from the above equation that if mode is very close to cutoff, then 2 , and b 0 . On the other hand when a mode is very far from cutoff then 1 and b 1 . If we plot the normalized propagation constant instead of absolute value of propagation constant, its value lies between 0 ...
... We can see from the above equation that if mode is very close to cutoff, then 2 , and b 0 . On the other hand when a mode is very far from cutoff then 1 and b 1 . If we plot the normalized propagation constant instead of absolute value of propagation constant, its value lies between 0 ...
cut off frequency for different modes - CDEEP
... which are actually going to propagate on optical fiber. If we find out the total number of modes which are propagating, the cutoff frequency is less than V number of optical fiber and so we find it. 6. For conditions of Weakly Guided Approximation, if refractive index of core and cladding approach ...
... which are actually going to propagate on optical fiber. If we find out the total number of modes which are propagating, the cutoff frequency is less than V number of optical fiber and so we find it. 6. For conditions of Weakly Guided Approximation, if refractive index of core and cladding approach ...
Modes Effective Refractive Index Difference Measurement
... The effective refractive indices of the modes, and effective refractive index differences between the modes are important characteristics for few-mode optical fibers. By measuring the reflection spectrum of the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) fabricated in the few-mode fiber, some discrete information of ...
... The effective refractive indices of the modes, and effective refractive index differences between the modes are important characteristics for few-mode optical fibers. By measuring the reflection spectrum of the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) fabricated in the few-mode fiber, some discrete information of ...
Materials processing with a tightly focused femtosecond laser vortex
... with respect to each other due to double refraction in the crystal. For paraxial beams, the shift is approximated by δ ¼ dðn2o − n2e Þ=ð2n2e no Þ, where no and ne stand for the ordinary and extraordinary refractive index, respectively, and d is the thickness of the crystal along the beam propagation ...
... with respect to each other due to double refraction in the crystal. For paraxial beams, the shift is approximated by δ ¼ dðn2o − n2e Þ=ð2n2e no Þ, where no and ne stand for the ordinary and extraordinary refractive index, respectively, and d is the thickness of the crystal along the beam propagation ...
Coherent Optical Systems
... the core along the fiber length. Deviations give rise to the birefringence effect and the creation of two distinct orthogonal polarization modes (principal states of polarization, PSP), causing singlemode fibers to effectively become bimodal. The two polarizations see different refractive indices, a ...
... the core along the fiber length. Deviations give rise to the birefringence effect and the creation of two distinct orthogonal polarization modes (principal states of polarization, PSP), causing singlemode fibers to effectively become bimodal. The two polarizations see different refractive indices, a ...
PDF
... of Lg 苷 Lu 兾2. The two surface gratings are shifted by Lu 兾2 with respect to each other and separated by a distance of ⬃d along the Z axis. The resulting diffraction pattern is a superposition of diffraction effects caused by the three stacked gratings and can be described with Eqs. (1) and (2). The ...
... of Lg 苷 Lu 兾2. The two surface gratings are shifted by Lu 兾2 with respect to each other and separated by a distance of ⬃d along the Z axis. The resulting diffraction pattern is a superposition of diffraction effects caused by the three stacked gratings and can be described with Eqs. (1) and (2). The ...
Metamaterials: a new frontier of science and technology Chem. Soc. Rev 40
... Negative-index materials give rise to a host of counterintuitive phenomena as Veselago discussed in his seminal paper.6 For example, if light is incident from a positive-index material to a negative-index one, the refracted light lies on the same side as the incident light with respect to the surfac ...
... Negative-index materials give rise to a host of counterintuitive phenomena as Veselago discussed in his seminal paper.6 For example, if light is incident from a positive-index material to a negative-index one, the refracted light lies on the same side as the incident light with respect to the surfac ...
Trends in Optical Fiber Sensors - IEEE Bombay Section Symposium
... noise, leading to lower precision, but are simple and inexpensive systems. ...
... noise, leading to lower precision, but are simple and inexpensive systems. ...
Optical Detection of Early Damage in Retinal Ganglion Cells in a
... in vivo. Areas of CO (red) and NO (blue) were labeled. I, inferior; N, nasal; S, superior; T, temporal. Scale bar: 0.4 mm. (B) Representative crosssectional OCT images of mouse retinas. ELM, external limiting membrane; INL, inner nuclear layer; IPL, inner plexiform layer; IS/OS: inner segment/ outer ...
... in vivo. Areas of CO (red) and NO (blue) were labeled. I, inferior; N, nasal; S, superior; T, temporal. Scale bar: 0.4 mm. (B) Representative crosssectional OCT images of mouse retinas. ELM, external limiting membrane; INL, inner nuclear layer; IPL, inner plexiform layer; IS/OS: inner segment/ outer ...
Tolerancing Optical Systems
... level of workmanship in the part and face it, nobody wants their expensive optics to looks like hell, even if appearance does not impact performance. In most cases surface defects only cause a tiny loss in the system throughput and cause a slight increase in scattered light. In almost all cases, the ...
... level of workmanship in the part and face it, nobody wants their expensive optics to looks like hell, even if appearance does not impact performance. In most cases surface defects only cause a tiny loss in the system throughput and cause a slight increase in scattered light. In almost all cases, the ...
Negative refraction - Condensed Matter Theory group
... wave vector, the implication being that rays travel in the opposite direction to waves. See figure 1. The reversal of energy flow can easily be understood: flipping the sign of both ε and µ is equivalent in Maxwell’s equations to flipping the sign of the magnetic field but keeping the same wave vect ...
... wave vector, the implication being that rays travel in the opposite direction to waves. See figure 1. The reversal of energy flow can easily be understood: flipping the sign of both ε and µ is equivalent in Maxwell’s equations to flipping the sign of the magnetic field but keeping the same wave vect ...
Notes on Waves - Anderson High School
... • Constructive Interference – when two (or more) waves meet to make a bigger wave • Destructive Interference – when two (or more) waves meet to make a smaller wave ...
... • Constructive Interference – when two (or more) waves meet to make a bigger wave • Destructive Interference – when two (or more) waves meet to make a smaller wave ...
CHAPTER 11. SUPERPOSITION OF LIGHT WAVE When two waves
... frequency, but a phase difference of /3. Find the intensity of the resultant wave relative to that of the individual waves. If the waves are incoherent, what then is the resultant intensity relative to the individual waves? 11.6 Suppose a group of electromagnetic waves with frequencies from 41014 ...
... frequency, but a phase difference of /3. Find the intensity of the resultant wave relative to that of the individual waves. If the waves are incoherent, what then is the resultant intensity relative to the individual waves? 11.6 Suppose a group of electromagnetic waves with frequencies from 41014 ...
Automated classification and recognition of bacterial particles in flow
... varying from 10 to 10000 particles per second. The choice of angle is dictated by the fact that scattered light in the small-angle region is primarily influenced by cell size and refractive index, whereas side scatter intensity is related to the granularity of cellular structures. Obviously, these r ...
... varying from 10 to 10000 particles per second. The choice of angle is dictated by the fact that scattered light in the small-angle region is primarily influenced by cell size and refractive index, whereas side scatter intensity is related to the granularity of cellular structures. Obviously, these r ...
Double Negative Materials (DNM) - Institute for Defense Analyses
... 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 1-1 ...
... 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 1-1 ...
Birefringence
Birefringence is the optical property of a material having a refractive index that depends on the polarization and propagation direction of light. These optically anisotropic materials are said to be birefringent (or birefractive). The birefringence is often quantified as the maximum difference between refractive indices exhibited by the material. Crystals with asymmetric crystal structures are often birefringent, as are plastics under mechanical stress.Birefringence is responsible for the phenomenon of double refraction whereby a ray of light, when incident upon a birefringent material, is split by polarization into two rays taking slightly different paths. This effect was first described by the Danish scientist Rasmus Bartholin in 1669, who observed it in calcite, a crystal having one of the strongest birefringences. However it was not until the 19th century that Augustin-Jean Fresnel described the phenomenon in terms of polarization, understanding light as a wave with field components in transverse polarizations (perpendicular to the direction of the wave vector).