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Reaching the Peripheral Regional Growth Centres
Reaching the Peripheral Regional Growth Centres

Quiz 1 - solutions
Quiz 1 - solutions

The Seafood Sector in Ireland: An Assessment of the Employment
The Seafood Sector in Ireland: An Assessment of the Employment

... The European policy context affecting the seafood sector is extensive. Production of wild fish is regulated at national and EU levels. The Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), formally introduced in 1983, is the European Union’s instrument for the management of fisheries. Aimed at enhancing the sustainabi ...
Stock Market Development and Economic Growth : Evidence of China
Stock Market Development and Economic Growth : Evidence of China

... amount / nominal GDP) per capita real GDP on the impact of significant and stock market liquidity have made every 1% increase in real GDP per capita growth rate of about 0.0851%. Levine and Zervos (1996) use stock market capitalization rate, the stock market liquidity indicators, stock market tradi ...
National Income Accounting
National Income Accounting

... Consumption When individuals receive income, they can spend it on domestic goods, save it, pay taxes, or buy foreign goods.  Personal consumption expenditures – payments by households for goods and services. ...
http://dsp-psd
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... Real GDP per capita is often used as an indicator of the evolution of a population’s standard of living. It is calculated as the real value of production of goods and services divided by the overall population. B. History of the GDP Although the collection of statistics seeking to describe national ...
A Question with Implications for Sustainable Economic Growth
A Question with Implications for Sustainable Economic Growth

... and rural areas the demographic dividend has been curtailed by population outflows, with the result that these regions could face demographic aging while their income levels are still low. In recent years there have been signs of growth in inland and rural areas, but it is unlikely that this growth ...
Causality between the Construction Sector and Economic Growth
Causality between the Construction Sector and Economic Growth

a “how-to” guide: finding and interpreting gdp statistics
a “how-to” guide: finding and interpreting gdp statistics

... distributed across different groups in society. Nevertheless, GDP data provides an important and informative snapshot into the behaviour and performance of the overall economy. Here are a few applications: Measuring or Comparing Growth: The rate of expansion of real GDP is usually interpreted as th ...
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... Introduction to Macroeconomics Microeconomics Examines the functioning of individual industries and the behavior of individual decision-making units - firms and households. Macroeconomics Deals with the economy as a whole. Focuses on the determinants of total national income, deals with aggregates ...
Morocco: the challenge of becoming an emerging economy
Morocco: the challenge of becoming an emerging economy

... First, Morocco’s average growth rate is below that of the sample between 1992 and 2016 (chart 1). Although it was sustained over the three periods observed, Moroccan growth was less rapid than that of the future emerging countries. Accordingly, though the countries of the sample started from compara ...
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Mozambique`s Industrialization

Saudi Arabia's Evolving Growth Mechanism: Patterns Derived from Cointegration Analysis Looney, R.E.
Saudi Arabia's Evolving Growth Mechanism: Patterns Derived from Cointegration Analysis Looney, R.E.

... Robert E. Looney ...
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Note on Macroeconomic Data

... total expenditure on the economy’s output of goods & services. • Nominal GDP values output at current prices; real GDP values output at constant prices. Changes in output affect both measures, but changes in prices only affect nominal GDP. • GDP is the sum of consumption, investment, government purc ...
Estimating Real GDP Growth for Lebanon
Estimating Real GDP Growth for Lebanon

... Going back to before the civil war, the evolution of the Lebanese economy has followed a cycle of development that shaped Lebanon into an open, liberal and service-oriented one. The country has had a dynamic growth in the years leading up to the Civil War with GDP rising 6% per year from 1965 to 197 ...
My lecture
My lecture

... • If you build a house through Habitat for Humanity your work doesn’t count as part of GDP. If you get paid for the same work, it counts. • If you pollute during production and someone pays to clean the environment, the GDP will be higher than if the producer tried to reduce pollution during product ...
Statement 4: Sustaining strong growth in living standards
Statement 4: Sustaining strong growth in living standards

... demand more accurately, improving overall resource allocation and returns on investments in both physical and human capital. The productivity and price changes in key infrastructure sectors, such as energy and water, have been estimated to have increased gross domestic product (GDP) by 2.5 per cent ...
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ch_7

... Just because GDP rose does not mean welfare rose – it could be only prices rose. Comparing output over time is best done with real output which is nominal output adjusted for inflation. ...
Lagging areas
Lagging areas

... roads, irrigation, innovation, workforce training, local employment support) ...
Africa Competitiveness report
Africa Competitiveness report

Fina 353-Lecture Slide Week 4
Fina 353-Lecture Slide Week 4

... Limitations of GDP as a measure of Standard of Living 2. Underground Production: it is the production of goods and services hidden from the view of government because people want to avoid taxes and regulations or their actions are illegal. Underground Production is unreported so it is omitted from ...
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Real GDP

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... economy-constant price case and the closed economy with endogenous prices. The open economy model intends to illustrate patterns of economic growth in developed countries (the “North”) with the “South” playing a backstage role as a supplier of some of the “dirty” goods that the North discards. The c ...
Identifying Data Requirements
Identifying Data Requirements

... Local stakeholders such as business associations, chambers of commerce, research foundations, and social organisations may also be able to provide data and insights. 5. Streamline the data collection process. A number of cities in the reference group discussed in this Resource Guide have adopted str ...
Real GDP
Real GDP

... Dr. Mazharul Islam ...
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Chinese economic reform



The Chinese economic reform (simplified Chinese: 改革开放; traditional Chinese: 改革開放; pinyin: Gǎigé kāifàng; literally: ""Reform & Opening up"") refers to the program of economic reforms called ""Socialism with Chinese characteristics"" in the People's Republic of China (PRC) that was started in December 1978 by reformists within the Communist Party of China (CPC) led by Deng Xiaoping.China had one of the world's largest and most advanced economies prior to the nineteenth century. In the 18th century, Adam Smith claimed China had long been one of the richest, that is, one of the most fertile, best cultivated, most industrious, most prosperous and most urbanized countries in the world. The economy stagnated since the 16th century and even declined in absolute terms in the nineteenth and much of the twentieth century, with a brief recovery in the 1930s.Economic reforms introducing market principles began in 1978 and were carried out in two stages. The first stage, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, involved the decollectivization of agriculture, the opening up of the country to foreign investment, and permission for entrepreneurs to start businesses. However, most industry remained state-owned. The second stage of reform, in the late 1980s and 1990s, involved the privatization and contracting out of much state-owned industry and the lifting of price controls, protectionist policies, and regulations, although state monopolies in sectors such as banking and petroleum remained. The private sector grew remarkably, accounting for as much as 70 percent of China gross domestic product by 2005. From 1978 until 2013, unprecedented growth occurred, with the economy increasing by 9.5% a year. The conservative Hu-Wen Administration more heavily regulated and controlled the economy after 2005, reversing some reforms.The success of China's economic policies and the manner of their implementation has resulted in immense changes in Chinese society. Large-scale government planning programs alongside market characteristics have minimized poverty, while incomes and income inequality have increased, leading to a backlash led by the New Left. In the academic scene, scholars have debated the reason for the success of the Chinese ""dual-track"" economy, and have compared them to attempts to reform socialism in the East Bloc and the Soviet Union, and the growth of other developing economies.
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