ESTABLISHING A REGULATOR: STEPS
... A still large illiterate consumer force, not aware of their rights and obligations Service coverage and distribution still skewed; Rural vs Urban distribution of services, the need to protect and ensure universality Affordability, low levels of income, more than 50% of population live below a dollar ...
... A still large illiterate consumer force, not aware of their rights and obligations Service coverage and distribution still skewed; Rural vs Urban distribution of services, the need to protect and ensure universality Affordability, low levels of income, more than 50% of population live below a dollar ...
here
... (including manufacturing, tourism and higher education) and businesses competing in the domestic market with imports (including parts of agriculture, manufacturing, tourism and some retailing) This is one of the main channels through which ‘market forces’ facilitate the shift of labour and capital t ...
... (including manufacturing, tourism and higher education) and businesses competing in the domestic market with imports (including parts of agriculture, manufacturing, tourism and some retailing) This is one of the main channels through which ‘market forces’ facilitate the shift of labour and capital t ...
From China`s fiscal architecture to the outlook for reform under Xi
... – Local governments acquire farmland and transfer it to an LIC – The LIC uses it as collateral to borrow from banks – Funds are used to prepare the land for development – Land is sold to developers – Profits are turned over to the local government ...
... – Local governments acquire farmland and transfer it to an LIC – The LIC uses it as collateral to borrow from banks – Funds are used to prepare the land for development – Land is sold to developers – Profits are turned over to the local government ...
Managing Globalization - Columbia Business School
... inflation is taken into account) in wealth during the past five years – Adding $150 billion in spending ...
... inflation is taken into account) in wealth during the past five years – Adding $150 billion in spending ...
Foreign trade
... world by Purchasing power parity (PPP), ranks as 18th in the world by gross domestic product (GDP) at purchasing power parity per capita (person) and 24th in nominal GDP of investment and foreign trade by the Republic of China (ROC) government, which commonly referred to as Taiwan. In keeping with t ...
... world by Purchasing power parity (PPP), ranks as 18th in the world by gross domestic product (GDP) at purchasing power parity per capita (person) and 24th in nominal GDP of investment and foreign trade by the Republic of China (ROC) government, which commonly referred to as Taiwan. In keeping with t ...
Andersson-710-710_ppt
... • Location of mines and its impact on local economy • Impact on local agricultural growth ...
... • Location of mines and its impact on local economy • Impact on local agricultural growth ...
Presentation
... insurance and liability markets where it is incentive compatible • With the support of the World Bank, Greece is tackling this with comprehensive investment licensing reforms that regulate licensing in several industrial and service sectors ...
... insurance and liability markets where it is incentive compatible • With the support of the World Bank, Greece is tackling this with comprehensive investment licensing reforms that regulate licensing in several industrial and service sectors ...
What are the factors behind competitiveness and thus relocation?
... More efficient resource allocation Cheaper prices New markets and Threats to jobs, but is that a transition or a permanent situation? Demonstrates of strengths of economic and social model ...
... More efficient resource allocation Cheaper prices New markets and Threats to jobs, but is that a transition or a permanent situation? Demonstrates of strengths of economic and social model ...
Recent economic slowdown and reasons thereof
... Significant issues in primary and secondary education also Mindset change an imperative for reform ...
... Significant issues in primary and secondary education also Mindset change an imperative for reform ...
Viet Nam
... growth. FDI and government investment will spur construction while recent increases in imports of manufacturing inputs—including chemicals, cotton, and plastics—signal strength in industry. The HSBC Purchasing Managers’ Index showed that new orders, output, and employment in manufacturing continued ...
... growth. FDI and government investment will spur construction while recent increases in imports of manufacturing inputs—including chemicals, cotton, and plastics—signal strength in industry. The HSBC Purchasing Managers’ Index showed that new orders, output, and employment in manufacturing continued ...
ratio rises
... “. . . The main contribution that additional persons make to society is the new knowledge of all kinds – scientific, organizational, and everyday knowledge . . . – that they create and leave behind them. And to repeat an earlier statement, these gains are the result not only of geniuses but of a re ...
... “. . . The main contribution that additional persons make to society is the new knowledge of all kinds – scientific, organizational, and everyday knowledge . . . – that they create and leave behind them. And to repeat an earlier statement, these gains are the result not only of geniuses but of a re ...
2015 Quarter 1 LESOTHO SNAPSHOT
... especially devastating to subsistence farmers who do not make use of more scientific practices that could combat these negative effects. As a result, farming is a high risk, low yield activity, and real growth in this activity has, on average, been negligible over the past decade. Output is consumed ...
... especially devastating to subsistence farmers who do not make use of more scientific practices that could combat these negative effects. As a result, farming is a high risk, low yield activity, and real growth in this activity has, on average, been negligible over the past decade. Output is consumed ...
Snapshots - We Choose Now
... Since regaining independence in 1991, the Government of Estonia has established a flat income-tax rate, encouraged privatization and generated sound money within the economy. These measures have transformed Estonia into an economy with the highest ratio of startups per person. According to the World ...
... Since regaining independence in 1991, the Government of Estonia has established a flat income-tax rate, encouraged privatization and generated sound money within the economy. These measures have transformed Estonia into an economy with the highest ratio of startups per person. According to the World ...
Production possibility curve
... economic tide will not be nearly as noticeable this year. China is experiencing low inflation; domestic consumption is growing stronger, and economic growth is not as concentrated in large factory and public works projects as it has been in recent years. Add to these factors China's clear comparativ ...
... economic tide will not be nearly as noticeable this year. China is experiencing low inflation; domestic consumption is growing stronger, and economic growth is not as concentrated in large factory and public works projects as it has been in recent years. Add to these factors China's clear comparativ ...
WTO Rules Against China`s Limits on Imports
... oil by focusing on a ubiquitous but unexpected target: the plastic bag. On Tuesday, the State__________ banned production of ultrathin plastic bags and required store owners to charge customers for thicker plastic bags. The move, which takes effect June 1, is intended not only to fight littering, bu ...
... oil by focusing on a ubiquitous but unexpected target: the plastic bag. On Tuesday, the State__________ banned production of ultrathin plastic bags and required store owners to charge customers for thicker plastic bags. The move, which takes effect June 1, is intended not only to fight littering, bu ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... National Bureau of Economic Research
... make profits. Bureaucrats themselves can be powerful lobbyists within the government who want to protect their own interests. This can be done by creating and maintaining red tape that strengthens and justifies the authorities it possesses. In the Gordon-Li model, red tape is targeted on firms that ...
... make profits. Bureaucrats themselves can be powerful lobbyists within the government who want to protect their own interests. This can be done by creating and maintaining red tape that strengthens and justifies the authorities it possesses. In the Gordon-Li model, red tape is targeted on firms that ...
... rate in over six years. In August, fixed asset investment (most of which is property investment) grew by 10.9% year-on-year – the slowest annual rate of expansion in 15 years. The official figure for GDP growth over 2014 has been revised down to a 25-year low of 7.3%. Based on anecdotal evidence and ...
Chinese economic reform
The Chinese economic reform (simplified Chinese: 改革开放; traditional Chinese: 改革開放; pinyin: Gǎigé kāifàng; literally: ""Reform & Opening up"") refers to the program of economic reforms called ""Socialism with Chinese characteristics"" in the People's Republic of China (PRC) that was started in December 1978 by reformists within the Communist Party of China (CPC) led by Deng Xiaoping.China had one of the world's largest and most advanced economies prior to the nineteenth century. In the 18th century, Adam Smith claimed China had long been one of the richest, that is, one of the most fertile, best cultivated, most industrious, most prosperous and most urbanized countries in the world. The economy stagnated since the 16th century and even declined in absolute terms in the nineteenth and much of the twentieth century, with a brief recovery in the 1930s.Economic reforms introducing market principles began in 1978 and were carried out in two stages. The first stage, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, involved the decollectivization of agriculture, the opening up of the country to foreign investment, and permission for entrepreneurs to start businesses. However, most industry remained state-owned. The second stage of reform, in the late 1980s and 1990s, involved the privatization and contracting out of much state-owned industry and the lifting of price controls, protectionist policies, and regulations, although state monopolies in sectors such as banking and petroleum remained. The private sector grew remarkably, accounting for as much as 70 percent of China gross domestic product by 2005. From 1978 until 2013, unprecedented growth occurred, with the economy increasing by 9.5% a year. The conservative Hu-Wen Administration more heavily regulated and controlled the economy after 2005, reversing some reforms.The success of China's economic policies and the manner of their implementation has resulted in immense changes in Chinese society. Large-scale government planning programs alongside market characteristics have minimized poverty, while incomes and income inequality have increased, leading to a backlash led by the New Left. In the academic scene, scholars have debated the reason for the success of the Chinese ""dual-track"" economy, and have compared them to attempts to reform socialism in the East Bloc and the Soviet Union, and the growth of other developing economies.