IMMUNOLOGY AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
... - general introduction in immunology ( innate and adaptive immunity - Antigen characteristic - Antibody characteristic - B and T cells - Complement - Hypersensitivity types - Oncogenic immunity - Autoimmune disease - Immune deficiency diseases ...
... - general introduction in immunology ( innate and adaptive immunity - Antigen characteristic - Antibody characteristic - B and T cells - Complement - Hypersensitivity types - Oncogenic immunity - Autoimmune disease - Immune deficiency diseases ...
T cell-mediated immune response
... • APC exposed to microbes or to cytokines produced as part of innate immune reactions to microbes express costimulators that are recognized by receptors on T cells and delivered necessary „second signals“ for T cell activation • Activated macrophages kill ingested bacteria by reactive oxygen interme ...
... • APC exposed to microbes or to cytokines produced as part of innate immune reactions to microbes express costimulators that are recognized by receptors on T cells and delivered necessary „second signals“ for T cell activation • Activated macrophages kill ingested bacteria by reactive oxygen interme ...
Lymphatic System - University of Baghdad
... • Phagocytes include neutrophils and macrophages. • Three phases of phagocytosis include chemotaxis, adherence, and ingestion. i). Chemotaxis: means movement of phagocytic cells toward certain substances (such as microbial products and activated complement proteins). ii). Adherance: the cell membran ...
... • Phagocytes include neutrophils and macrophages. • Three phases of phagocytosis include chemotaxis, adherence, and ingestion. i). Chemotaxis: means movement of phagocytic cells toward certain substances (such as microbial products and activated complement proteins). ii). Adherance: the cell membran ...
Document
... against the antigen Primary immune response – 10-17 days before maximum response is mounted Secondary immune response – 2-4 days for maximum response ...
... against the antigen Primary immune response – 10-17 days before maximum response is mounted Secondary immune response – 2-4 days for maximum response ...
immune system article
... pathogens are called lymphocytes. There are two major kinds of lymphocytes—T cells and B cells. A major function of T cells is to identify pathogens by recognizing their antigens. Antigens are molecules that the immune system recognizes as either part of your body or as coming from outside your body ...
... pathogens are called lymphocytes. There are two major kinds of lymphocytes—T cells and B cells. A major function of T cells is to identify pathogens by recognizing their antigens. Antigens are molecules that the immune system recognizes as either part of your body or as coming from outside your body ...
Hepatitis B Virus induces innate immune response UPOn COntact
... We found that HBV induced proinflammatory cytokines like IL-6, IL-8 and TNFα in KC, LSEC and monocyte derived macrophages within a few hours post inoculation, but not in PHH or murine macrophages. The same held true for adenoassociated virus (AAV) particles used as a control. The viruses activated N ...
... We found that HBV induced proinflammatory cytokines like IL-6, IL-8 and TNFα in KC, LSEC and monocyte derived macrophages within a few hours post inoculation, but not in PHH or murine macrophages. The same held true for adenoassociated virus (AAV) particles used as a control. The viruses activated N ...
23. Frenkel lecture: FMD vaccine development - past and future
... However, the response of CD4 and CD8 T cells isolated from infected cattle are consistently low compared to the response to control antigens, despite the absence of generalised immunosuppression in the FMDV infected cattle. The specific CD4 response to vaccination is variable. MATERIAL AND METHODS B ...
... However, the response of CD4 and CD8 T cells isolated from infected cattle are consistently low compared to the response to control antigens, despite the absence of generalised immunosuppression in the FMDV infected cattle. The specific CD4 response to vaccination is variable. MATERIAL AND METHODS B ...
31.4 Immunity and Technology KEY CONCEPT help keep a person healthy.
... – These bacteria spread the gene, making the antibiotics ...
... – These bacteria spread the gene, making the antibiotics ...
Adaptive Immune Response (Part II) (Antibody
... 5. To describe the structure & function of Immunoglobulins . ...
... 5. To describe the structure & function of Immunoglobulins . ...
Disease as a Failure of Homeostasis
... Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease of humans and other animals caused by protists (a type of microorganism) of the genus Plasmodium. It begins with a bite from an infected female mosquito, which introduces the protists via its saliva into the circulatory system, and ultimately to the liv ...
... Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease of humans and other animals caused by protists (a type of microorganism) of the genus Plasmodium. It begins with a bite from an infected female mosquito, which introduces the protists via its saliva into the circulatory system, and ultimately to the liv ...
Lecture 9 - University of Arizona | Ecology and
... their environment to prevent colonization by other microbes. • Change in pH (skin, genital tract, etc.) ...
... their environment to prevent colonization by other microbes. • Change in pH (skin, genital tract, etc.) ...
Immune Response
... • Immunology- the study of host defense mechanisms • Immunity- ability of the host to protect itself against foreign organisms. Resistance to disease. • Antigen (Ag)- is a foreign substance that can elicit specific immune response (IR) when is immunogenic • Antibody (Ab)- protein produced by the bod ...
... • Immunology- the study of host defense mechanisms • Immunity- ability of the host to protect itself against foreign organisms. Resistance to disease. • Antigen (Ag)- is a foreign substance that can elicit specific immune response (IR) when is immunogenic • Antibody (Ab)- protein produced by the bod ...
ATP 3: Lymph Nodes DOWNLOAD - Marc CE Wagner | Scientific
... modulation by altering the regulation of gene expression. Extracellular ATP is deeply linked to cell function across every system in the human body. All cells express purinergic receptors on their outer membrane and as a result are sensitive to the presence of this agent. Adenosine triphosphate is a ...
... modulation by altering the regulation of gene expression. Extracellular ATP is deeply linked to cell function across every system in the human body. All cells express purinergic receptors on their outer membrane and as a result are sensitive to the presence of this agent. Adenosine triphosphate is a ...
Physiology of the Blood III. White Blood Cells and the Immune
... • Granulocyte, lymphocyte, monocyte • Neutrophil and monocyte-macrophages: general phagocytosis • Eosinophil, basophil: worms, allergy • Lymphocyte: specific immune response – antigen-antibody reaction, cytotoxicity • Qualitative blood sample, young forms ...
... • Granulocyte, lymphocyte, monocyte • Neutrophil and monocyte-macrophages: general phagocytosis • Eosinophil, basophil: worms, allergy • Lymphocyte: specific immune response – antigen-antibody reaction, cytotoxicity • Qualitative blood sample, young forms ...
Abrams Presentation for 11/22 and 11/29
... – CD8+ CTLs – CD4+ Th1 (mediate DTH and recruitment of additional effectors, mainly macrophages, to sites of ...
... – CD8+ CTLs – CD4+ Th1 (mediate DTH and recruitment of additional effectors, mainly macrophages, to sites of ...
Immune system
The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.