Innate Immunity and Antigen Presentation
... recognized by specific lymphocytes – For T cells: MHC-associated peptides (cytosolic peptides to class I, vesicular peptides to class II) – For B cells: native antigens ...
... recognized by specific lymphocytes – For T cells: MHC-associated peptides (cytosolic peptides to class I, vesicular peptides to class II) – For B cells: native antigens ...
Nonspecific host defence factors.med.10 ppt
... The mode of action of -IFN and -IFN is to induce uninfected cells to produce antiviral proteins (AVPs) that prevent viral replication. Interferons are host-cell–specific but not virus-specific. Gamma-interferon activates neutrophils and macrophages to kill bacteria. ...
... The mode of action of -IFN and -IFN is to induce uninfected cells to produce antiviral proteins (AVPs) that prevent viral replication. Interferons are host-cell–specific but not virus-specific. Gamma-interferon activates neutrophils and macrophages to kill bacteria. ...
Memory B Cells and Antibody Function
... Plasma cells are the most differentiated forms of the B lymphocyte lineage. B cells normally mature from precursor cells without needing any exposure to bacterial antigens to mature. When B cells encounter bacterial and other proteins and sugars that they recognize as foreign materials, they develop ...
... Plasma cells are the most differentiated forms of the B lymphocyte lineage. B cells normally mature from precursor cells without needing any exposure to bacterial antigens to mature. When B cells encounter bacterial and other proteins and sugars that they recognize as foreign materials, they develop ...
The Cell Membrane
... acquired or adaptive immunity. This can, like innate immunity, be separated into both humoral and cell-mediated processes. HUMORAL SPECIFIC ACQUIRED IMMUNITY The main mediators of this immunity are immunoglobulins or antibodies. Antibodies are able to recognize and bind to antigens of infecting micr ...
... acquired or adaptive immunity. This can, like innate immunity, be separated into both humoral and cell-mediated processes. HUMORAL SPECIFIC ACQUIRED IMMUNITY The main mediators of this immunity are immunoglobulins or antibodies. Antibodies are able to recognize and bind to antigens of infecting micr ...
White Blood Cells (WBCs)
... - critical, because if they did attack “self”, autoimmune disease could result ...
... - critical, because if they did attack “self”, autoimmune disease could result ...
Immune Notes - The Lesson Locker
... in interstitial fluid flow into lymph and are trapped in lymph nodes where they are destroyed by macrophages. A variety of proteins function in innate defense either by attacking microbes directly or by ...
... in interstitial fluid flow into lymph and are trapped in lymph nodes where they are destroyed by macrophages. A variety of proteins function in innate defense either by attacking microbes directly or by ...
le ch. 23 immunity_from_disease
... • This acquired immune response enables these white blood cells to inactivate or destroy the pathogen. • Acquired immunity involves the production of two kinds of immune responses: antibody immunity and cellular immunity ~ • your 3rd line of defense ...
... • This acquired immune response enables these white blood cells to inactivate or destroy the pathogen. • Acquired immunity involves the production of two kinds of immune responses: antibody immunity and cellular immunity ~ • your 3rd line of defense ...
MCB50 Immunity and Disease 1 Bacteria Lecture Outline March 2
... Inflammation, infected cell lysis, uninfected cells killed, all result in tissue damage. 2. Antigenic mimicry. This is where a protein sequence of a foreign antigen is similar to a self protein which results in unintentional cross reactivity of antibodies or T cell epitopes. The self proteins become ...
... Inflammation, infected cell lysis, uninfected cells killed, all result in tissue damage. 2. Antigenic mimicry. This is where a protein sequence of a foreign antigen is similar to a self protein which results in unintentional cross reactivity of antibodies or T cell epitopes. The self proteins become ...
Unit 1 Glossary A-Z
... protein Quaternary - The arrangement of multiple folded polypeptides connected together Proteome – The entire set of proteins expressed by a genome (proteome much larger than genome) R-groups – Amino acids have the same basic structure with a variable R-group providing the ability of the amino acids ...
... protein Quaternary - The arrangement of multiple folded polypeptides connected together Proteome – The entire set of proteins expressed by a genome (proteome much larger than genome) R-groups – Amino acids have the same basic structure with a variable R-group providing the ability of the amino acids ...
Unit 4: Cells
... Hypertonic means there is a higher concentration of the solute than of the water (strong solution). Hypotonic means there is more water molecules than other molecules (weak solution). ...
... Hypertonic means there is a higher concentration of the solute than of the water (strong solution). Hypotonic means there is more water molecules than other molecules (weak solution). ...
Communicable Diseases
... White blood cells defend against germs The immune system is made up of many different kinds of white blood cells. White blood cells work together to protect us against disease-causing germs. ...
... White blood cells defend against germs The immune system is made up of many different kinds of white blood cells. White blood cells work together to protect us against disease-causing germs. ...
Introduction_to_Infection_and_Immunity_part_two
... The lining of the stomach protects it; the lack of such a lining in the oesophagus makes the vomiting reflex -- which can also serve to clear pathogens -- both hazardous and uncomfortable At least one bacterium, H. Pylori, has adapted to the acidic environment of the stomach, and is blamed for up to ...
... The lining of the stomach protects it; the lack of such a lining in the oesophagus makes the vomiting reflex -- which can also serve to clear pathogens -- both hazardous and uncomfortable At least one bacterium, H. Pylori, has adapted to the acidic environment of the stomach, and is blamed for up to ...
Immunology - Mosaiced.org
... infection by release of soluble mediators (they develop from monocytes) such as cytokines. The macrophage expresses receptors for many bacterial constituents. Bacteria binding to macrophage receptors initiate a response release of cytokine. Macrophages engulf and digest bacteria to which they bind. ...
... infection by release of soluble mediators (they develop from monocytes) such as cytokines. The macrophage expresses receptors for many bacterial constituents. Bacteria binding to macrophage receptors initiate a response release of cytokine. Macrophages engulf and digest bacteria to which they bind. ...
Immunodeficiencies HIV/AIDS
... others within 2 weeks of initial HIV exposure, at a time well before anti-HIV Ab’s can be detected. Average time from initial infection to AIDS is about 10 years, though this rate of development is lengthening with new treatments available. ...
... others within 2 weeks of initial HIV exposure, at a time well before anti-HIV Ab’s can be detected. Average time from initial infection to AIDS is about 10 years, though this rate of development is lengthening with new treatments available. ...
News Release
... Each scaffold is specifically designed to combine the peptides in such a way that they will form an effective medicinal combination and so that they will bind to the receptors of specific targeted cells. Qvit refers to his process as somewhat analogous to building different kinds of structures throu ...
... Each scaffold is specifically designed to combine the peptides in such a way that they will form an effective medicinal combination and so that they will bind to the receptors of specific targeted cells. Qvit refers to his process as somewhat analogous to building different kinds of structures throu ...
Human Physiology - Daniela Sartori
... Clonal deletion : tolerance occurs because T cells that recognize self-antigens are destroyed Clonal anergy: lymphocytes directed against selfantigens are present throughout life but don't attack ...
... Clonal deletion : tolerance occurs because T cells that recognize self-antigens are destroyed Clonal anergy: lymphocytes directed against selfantigens are present throughout life but don't attack ...
Lecture Note Handout – Chapters 7 and 8
... 1. Measles, Mumps, Rabies, AIDS, Colds and the flu to name only a few 2. Usually very specific as to its host – viruses that infect animals usually can’t infect people 3. Body protects itself from viruses: a. Skin acts as a barrier b. Immune system i. Antibodies ii. Interferon 4. Vaccines made by in ...
... 1. Measles, Mumps, Rabies, AIDS, Colds and the flu to name only a few 2. Usually very specific as to its host – viruses that infect animals usually can’t infect people 3. Body protects itself from viruses: a. Skin acts as a barrier b. Immune system i. Antibodies ii. Interferon 4. Vaccines made by in ...
immune system - immunology.unideb.hu
... Few pathogens and macrophages Weak response, few lymphocytes Many pathogens and macrophages ...
... Few pathogens and macrophages Weak response, few lymphocytes Many pathogens and macrophages ...
Lesson 1
... to as a phagocyte) All cells have proteins on their cell membranes called ANTIGENS Antigens act as identity markers. Macrophages recognize body cells of the host by its antigens Foreign invaders will have different cell surface antigens which will cue macrophages to get rid of them ...
... to as a phagocyte) All cells have proteins on their cell membranes called ANTIGENS Antigens act as identity markers. Macrophages recognize body cells of the host by its antigens Foreign invaders will have different cell surface antigens which will cue macrophages to get rid of them ...
Cells of inflammation and Immunity
... Each clone has antigen specificity Arrange V, J and D elements if Ig and T cell receptor genes to form different clones B lymphocytes recognize native Ag T lymphocytes recognize processed Ag ...
... Each clone has antigen specificity Arrange V, J and D elements if Ig and T cell receptor genes to form different clones B lymphocytes recognize native Ag T lymphocytes recognize processed Ag ...
Polyclonal B cell response
Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g. bacteria) are recognized by the immune system as foreign (non-self), and eliminated or effectively neutralized to reduce their potential damage. Such a recognizable substance is called an antigen. The immune system may respond in multiple ways to an antigen; a key feature of this response is the production of antibodies by B cells (or B lymphocytes) involving an arm of the immune system known as humoral immunity. The antibodies are soluble and do not require direct cell-to-cell contact between the pathogen and the B-cell to function.Antigens can be large and complex substances, and any single antibody can only bind to a small, specific area on the antigen. Consequently, an effective immune response often involves the production of many different antibodies by many different B cells against the same antigen. Hence the term ""polyclonal"", which derives from the words poly, meaning many, and clones (""Klon""=Greek for sprout or twig); a clone is a group of cells arising from a common ""mother"" cell. The antibodies thus produced in a polyclonal response are known as polyclonal antibodies. The heterogeneous polyclonal antibodies are distinct from monoclonal antibody molecules, which are identical and react against a single epitope only, i.e., are more specific.Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens, it also increases chances of developing certain autoimmune diseases resulting from the reaction of the immune system against native molecules produced within the host.