Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from severe asthmatic
... IL-4 by LPS-stimulated PBMC from severe asthmatic children. These results provide new evidence corroborating with recently published research demonstrating that low proliferative response to LPS and IL-4 production may constitute a risk factor for the development of asthma and a well-defined feature ...
... IL-4 by LPS-stimulated PBMC from severe asthmatic children. These results provide new evidence corroborating with recently published research demonstrating that low proliferative response to LPS and IL-4 production may constitute a risk factor for the development of asthma and a well-defined feature ...
Chromatin as a target antigen in human and murine lupus nephritis
... alterations during apoptosis and is normally not exposed for the immune system. In the case of increased apoptosis or deficient clearance, however, these components may be exposed as secondary necrotic chromatin with the potential to induce an antigen-selective immune response [64-66]. For example, p ...
... alterations during apoptosis and is normally not exposed for the immune system. In the case of increased apoptosis or deficient clearance, however, these components may be exposed as secondary necrotic chromatin with the potential to induce an antigen-selective immune response [64-66]. For example, p ...
Inflammation and Cellular Immune Responses in Abdominal Aortic
... factor, whereas Th2 and Tc2 cells secrete IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13. Th1 cytokines tend to drive cellular inflammatory responses including macrophage activation. The Th2 cytokines play important roles in distinct inflammatory processes, particularly in the pathogenesis of allergy, asthma, and ato ...
... factor, whereas Th2 and Tc2 cells secrete IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13. Th1 cytokines tend to drive cellular inflammatory responses including macrophage activation. The Th2 cytokines play important roles in distinct inflammatory processes, particularly in the pathogenesis of allergy, asthma, and ato ...
Chapter 28. Vitamin D: Production, Metabolism, Mechanism of
... the availability of substrate 25(OH)D to the enzyme; (2) controlling the amount of CYP27B1 hydroxylase expressed; (3) altering the activity of the enzyme by co-factor availability; and (4) controlling the amount and activity of the alternatively spliced, catabolic CYP24 hydroxylase. For the kidney, ...
... the availability of substrate 25(OH)D to the enzyme; (2) controlling the amount of CYP27B1 hydroxylase expressed; (3) altering the activity of the enzyme by co-factor availability; and (4) controlling the amount and activity of the alternatively spliced, catabolic CYP24 hydroxylase. For the kidney, ...
daniela tesi on line 3 - Padis
... and animals, both vertebrates and invertebrates. Therefore, they constitute one of the most conserved theme in nature’s struggle to control pathogens. Antimicrobial peptides are gene encoded molecules of 12-50 amino acid residues, that are produced by the host organism and have the capacity to kill ...
... and animals, both vertebrates and invertebrates. Therefore, they constitute one of the most conserved theme in nature’s struggle to control pathogens. Antimicrobial peptides are gene encoded molecules of 12-50 amino acid residues, that are produced by the host organism and have the capacity to kill ...
Mechanisms of Salivary Gland Secretory Dysfunction in Sjögren`s
... Recently, not only TH1 and TH2 effector cells but also TH17 cells, which mainly release proinflammatory cytokine IL-17, are being investigated for their role in disease pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases including SS. The presence of TH17 cells and TH17-associated cytokines, IL-6, IL-23, IL-17 ...
... Recently, not only TH1 and TH2 effector cells but also TH17 cells, which mainly release proinflammatory cytokine IL-17, are being investigated for their role in disease pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases including SS. The presence of TH17 cells and TH17-associated cytokines, IL-6, IL-23, IL-17 ...
IMGT Colliers de Perles: Standardized Sequence
... Abstract: IMGT®, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system® (http://imgt.cines.fr) provides a common access to expertly annotated data on the genome, proteome, genetics and structure of immunoglobulins (IG), T cell receptors (TR), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of human and other v ...
... Abstract: IMGT®, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system® (http://imgt.cines.fr) provides a common access to expertly annotated data on the genome, proteome, genetics and structure of immunoglobulins (IG), T cell receptors (TR), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of human and other v ...
Food Lectins in Health and Disease: An Introduction
... Lectins stimulate class II HLA antigens on cells that do not normally display them, such as pancreatic islet and thyroid cells. The islet cell determinant to which cytotoxic autoantibodies bind in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is the disaccharide N-acetyl lactosamine, which must bind tomato le ...
... Lectins stimulate class II HLA antigens on cells that do not normally display them, such as pancreatic islet and thyroid cells. The islet cell determinant to which cytotoxic autoantibodies bind in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is the disaccharide N-acetyl lactosamine, which must bind tomato le ...
Anti-adhesion therapy of bacterial diseases: prospects and problems
... re-colonization by Actinomyces naeuslundii. Re-colonization by S. mutans was observed in control volunteers receiving saline or a control peptide. These results are promising, especially because the peptide employed was small. While conceptually encouraging, the above results must, nevertheless, be ...
... re-colonization by Actinomyces naeuslundii. Re-colonization by S. mutans was observed in control volunteers receiving saline or a control peptide. These results are promising, especially because the peptide employed was small. While conceptually encouraging, the above results must, nevertheless, be ...
Thesis - KI Open Archive
... The molecular mechanism for this involves epigenetic regulation via methylation of promoter regions of KIR genes, and a molecular switch that regulates transcription of KIR via bidirectional promoters (32). This multifaceted system endows humans with complex and unique KIR repertoires, comprising NK ...
... The molecular mechanism for this involves epigenetic regulation via methylation of promoter regions of KIR genes, and a molecular switch that regulates transcription of KIR via bidirectional promoters (32). This multifaceted system endows humans with complex and unique KIR repertoires, comprising NK ...
Antibody Repertoire and Gene Expression Profile
... the DNA chip analyzer software (dChip) according to the author’s instructions (22). Then, the hybridization background was calculated, and all gene expression values below 61 were set to 61 to eliminate low-level signals. Assessment of differentially expressed genes was done by a nonparametric, perm ...
... the DNA chip analyzer software (dChip) according to the author’s instructions (22). Then, the hybridization background was calculated, and all gene expression values below 61 were set to 61 to eliminate low-level signals. Assessment of differentially expressed genes was done by a nonparametric, perm ...
Structure-Function of the Glucagon Receptor Family of G Protein
... The incretin concept was first developed in 1930 to describe the observation that administration of glucose by the oral route was associated with a greater increment in insulin secretion than was a euglycemic load given intravenously (Elrick et al. 1964; LaBarre and Still 1930). This concept was fur ...
... The incretin concept was first developed in 1930 to describe the observation that administration of glucose by the oral route was associated with a greater increment in insulin secretion than was a euglycemic load given intravenously (Elrick et al. 1964; LaBarre and Still 1930). This concept was fur ...
FREE Solved Full Length Mock Test Paper
... (A) The binding of one m olecule of O2 to one s ubunit of hem oglobin enhances the assem bly of other s ubunits to form a com plete hemoglobin protein. (B) The binding of one molecule of O2 to one hem oglobin protein enhances the binding of a m olecule of O2 to a different hemoglobin protein. ...
... (A) The binding of one m olecule of O2 to one s ubunit of hem oglobin enhances the assem bly of other s ubunits to form a com plete hemoglobin protein. (B) The binding of one molecule of O2 to one hem oglobin protein enhances the binding of a m olecule of O2 to a different hemoglobin protein. ...
Inflammasomes Reassessing the Evolutionary Importance of
... host cytosol through T3SS, presumably while the bacteria is injecting effector proteins to alter host cell function(s) (4). NLRP1b in the mouse responds to the anthrax lethal toxin by serving as a “lure” for this pathogen protease (5). Finally, pyrin (also called TRIM20) senses perturbation of Rho G ...
... host cytosol through T3SS, presumably while the bacteria is injecting effector proteins to alter host cell function(s) (4). NLRP1b in the mouse responds to the anthrax lethal toxin by serving as a “lure” for this pathogen protease (5). Finally, pyrin (also called TRIM20) senses perturbation of Rho G ...
department of molecular biology and immunology
... and diseases caused by known pathogens have reestablished themselves. Many of these infections result in life-threatening diseases. To complicate matters, many of these infectious agents have developed resistance to antibiotics routinely used in treatments. Thus, prevention and treatment of these in ...
... and diseases caused by known pathogens have reestablished themselves. Many of these infections result in life-threatening diseases. To complicate matters, many of these infectious agents have developed resistance to antibiotics routinely used in treatments. Thus, prevention and treatment of these in ...
Lymphoid follicles in (very) severe COPD: beneficial or harmful? REVIEW
... and isotype switching of B-cells, suggests antigen-driven proliferation. The B-cells were mainly IgM-positive and IgDnegative, which suggests that these B-cells may have been activated to some extent. Moreover, a predominant part of the infiltrate appeared to be CD27-positive, a marker for memory B- ...
... and isotype switching of B-cells, suggests antigen-driven proliferation. The B-cells were mainly IgM-positive and IgDnegative, which suggests that these B-cells may have been activated to some extent. Moreover, a predominant part of the infiltrate appeared to be CD27-positive, a marker for memory B- ...
ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES XIV (1–2)
... pathways, occurring in cells. One should know that many diseases are accompanied with chronic inflammation which, aside significant discomfort to the patient, brings about severe consequences to the body’s functioning. Symptoms of the inflammation are fought against with various chemotherapeutic age ...
... pathways, occurring in cells. One should know that many diseases are accompanied with chronic inflammation which, aside significant discomfort to the patient, brings about severe consequences to the body’s functioning. Symptoms of the inflammation are fought against with various chemotherapeutic age ...
Disruption of Dendritic Cell Instruction Virus and Its Avirulent Vaccine
... Powerful Th1-like adaptive immune responses are essential to achieve virus control. To promote Th1 responses, DCs must provide three signals: signal 1 is delivered by Ag presentation through specialized surface molecules; signal 2 is mediated by costimulatory molecules on the surface, such as CD40, ...
... Powerful Th1-like adaptive immune responses are essential to achieve virus control. To promote Th1 responses, DCs must provide three signals: signal 1 is delivered by Ag presentation through specialized surface molecules; signal 2 is mediated by costimulatory molecules on the surface, such as CD40, ...
Importance of tyrosine phosphorylation in receptor kinase
... The BR signaling pathway is one of the best studied in plants [1]. In a seminal ...
... The BR signaling pathway is one of the best studied in plants [1]. In a seminal ...
Polyclonal B cell response
Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g. bacteria) are recognized by the immune system as foreign (non-self), and eliminated or effectively neutralized to reduce their potential damage. Such a recognizable substance is called an antigen. The immune system may respond in multiple ways to an antigen; a key feature of this response is the production of antibodies by B cells (or B lymphocytes) involving an arm of the immune system known as humoral immunity. The antibodies are soluble and do not require direct cell-to-cell contact between the pathogen and the B-cell to function.Antigens can be large and complex substances, and any single antibody can only bind to a small, specific area on the antigen. Consequently, an effective immune response often involves the production of many different antibodies by many different B cells against the same antigen. Hence the term ""polyclonal"", which derives from the words poly, meaning many, and clones (""Klon""=Greek for sprout or twig); a clone is a group of cells arising from a common ""mother"" cell. The antibodies thus produced in a polyclonal response are known as polyclonal antibodies. The heterogeneous polyclonal antibodies are distinct from monoclonal antibody molecules, which are identical and react against a single epitope only, i.e., are more specific.Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens, it also increases chances of developing certain autoimmune diseases resulting from the reaction of the immune system against native molecules produced within the host.