• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
The Immune System
The Immune System

... 5. Inflammation: damaged cells release histamine, which dilates blood vessels & increases tissue fluid in the injured area (swelling); this attracts phagocytes which release proteins that increase body temperature (fever) in order to inhibit the growth of pathogens & speed up the rate of tissue repa ...
biochem ch 44B [9-2
biochem ch 44B [9-2

... o Individual growth factor may stimulate proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of progenitor cells and may also prevent apoptosis; factors may activate various functions within mature cell; some growth factors act on multiple lineages, whereas others have more limited targets o Leukemias ar ...
2 The function and structure of the skin
2 The function and structure of the skin

... become prominent in hyperproliferative states such as psoriasis. During differentiation, the keratin fibrils in the cells of the horny layer align and aggregate, under the influence of filaggrin. Cysteine, found in keratins of the horny layer, allows cross-linking of fibrils to give the epidermis st ...
Optimisation and parallelisation strategies for Monte Carlo simulation of HIV Infection
Optimisation and parallelisation strategies for Monte Carlo simulation of HIV Infection

... responsible for phagocytosis of pathogens, dead cells and cellular debris, Cytotoxic T Cells and Helper T Cells, type of white blood cell or leukocyte which has on their surface antigen receptors that can bind to fragments of antigens, Plasma B cells secrete antibodies which effect the destruction ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Cytokines and Thelper subsets
PowerPoint Presentation - Cytokines and Thelper subsets

... CKs are small proteins (<30 kDa) CKs are similar to hormones and growth ...
The  alveolitis  of  hypersensitivity pneumonitis U.  Costabel* 4-48
The alveolitis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis U. Costabel* 4-48

... Little is known about the contribution of alveolar macropbages to the alveolitis of HP. ln some cases, antigenic and foreign body material is found in macrophages and giant cells of granulomas in the lung [40, 41, 51 and own unpublished observations]. HLA-DR (Class II) antigens, important for effect ...
Blood Cells - Dr Magrann
Blood Cells - Dr Magrann

...  The macrophage places these pieces of bacteria on its own cell membrane, and finds a lymphocyte to present it to.  Macrophages present these pieces to T cell lymphocytes and to B cells lymphocytes.  The lymphocyte feels the shape of the bacteria pieces on top of the macrophage, (this is called “ ...
Introduction to Virology David C. Ansardi, Ph.D. Department of Cell
Introduction to Virology David C. Ansardi, Ph.D. Department of Cell

... at the Cellular Level •Failed infection (abortive) ...
Immunoisolation
Immunoisolation

MHC Class II Molecules
MHC Class II Molecules

... The way which TCR recognizes antigens is quite different from antigen recognition by antibody (e.g. recognize antigen fragments presented by MHC molecules only) The most important antigen-presenting molecules are class I and class II molecules of MHC, and more recently other antigen-presenting molec ...
15 Blood
15 Blood

...  The macrophage releases the contents of its lysosomes onto the bacterium and dissolves most of it. There are still some pieces of the bacterium’s cell membrane left. The macrophage then forces the surface proteins of the bacterium (antigens) to it's own cell surface.  Helper T-Cells touch these s ...
RECOMBINANT T-CELL RECEPTOR LIGAND (RTL)
RECOMBINANT T-CELL RECEPTOR LIGAND (RTL)

... genetic design of the T-cell receptor (TCR) in the early 1980s, I have been fascinated by TCR structure, activation and function. Access to TCR protein sequences enabled investigation of their immunogenicity and regulatory functions and prompted the creation of the first single-chain major histocomp ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... – these enzymes are specific for each steroid made – they are located in specific cell types • e.g. enzymes for cortisol are located specifically in the adrenal cortex ...
JEOPARDY - Life sciences
JEOPARDY - Life sciences

... • To trap foreign particles in the mucus and through the activity of the cilia to move the pathogens up from the respiratory area to the mouth. ...
cell cycle - Formatted
cell cycle - Formatted

... that if cytoplasm taken from a mature egg cell is injected into the cytoplasm of a immature oocyte, the oocyte immediately begins meiosis. The researchers hypothesised that a chemical, which named MPF Maturation Promoting factor, induces this oocyte maturation. In addition to inducing meiosis, MPF c ...
Adenovirus vectors
Adenovirus vectors

... hepatitis B surface antigen and contained a large deletion in early region 3 (E3), was constructed and studied in humans. Volunteers received Wy-Ad7HZ6-I (n = 3), adenovirus type 7 vaccine (n = 3) or placebo (n = 3). Recipients of Wy-Ad7HZ6-1 shed less vaccine virus in the stool for a shorter period ...
Glycogen metabolism supports effector function and energy
Glycogen metabolism supports effector function and energy

... Dendritic cells (DCs), professional antigen presenting cells of the immune system, serve as a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune responses. Activation of DCs by a stimulus through toll-like receptors (TLRs) is coupled with an increase in energy demand fulfilled by a glycolytic burst, whic ...
Comparison of the immune response elicited by infectious and
Comparison of the immune response elicited by infectious and

... (Table 1). To determine whether this was due to the absence of T cells, mice were reconstituted with purified B cells and different proportions of T cells. The addition of T lymphocytes to the cell suspension used for repopulation reduced the period of viraemia to a degree which correlated directly ...
Adenovirus vectors - Baylor College of Medicine
Adenovirus vectors - Baylor College of Medicine

... hepatitis B surface antigen and contained a large deletion in early region 3 (E3), was constructed and studied in humans. Volunteers received Wy-Ad7HZ6-I (n = 3), adenovirus type 7 vaccine (n = 3) or placebo (n = 3). Recipients of Wy-Ad7HZ6-1 shed less vaccine virus in the stool for a shorter period ...
Biology STARR-EOC Review http://nvhsvikings.wikispaces.com/file
Biology STARR-EOC Review http://nvhsvikings.wikispaces.com/file

... 6. In osmosis, water moves from an area of __high___ to an area of __low____ concentration. 7. If the dark molecules could move, in what direction would they move? From right to left Why? High concentration is on right; low is on left and molecules move from high to low concentration. 8. In diffusio ...
Protect
Protect

fighting to stay well
fighting to stay well

... healthy people, then tracking them to see who develops an infectious disease and how stress is related to that illness. For example, in 1979, Stanislav Kasl, Alfred Evans and James Neiderman at the Yale School of Medicine studied the development of infectious mononucleosis in a class of West Point c ...
ADAMTS13 meets MR, then what?
ADAMTS13 meets MR, then what?

... domain (CR) and 8 C-type lectin-like carbohydrate recognition domains (CTLDs 1-8) that bind glycoproteins terminated by D-mannose, L-fucose, or Nacetylglucosamine. The 4 to 7 CTLDs are shown to bind ADAMTS13. Once the MR-ADAMTS13 complex is internalized, it is transported to the endosomal pathway in ...
d5cc4260d906cac
d5cc4260d906cac

... (Mestinon) enhance communication between nerves and muscles. These drugs don't cure, but improves muscle contraction and strength. Corticosteroids. These types of drugs inhibit the immune system, limiting antibody production. Prolonged use of corticosteroids, can lead to serious side effects, like b ...
E Tcall - Ed Skilling Institute
E Tcall - Ed Skilling Institute

... INTERVIEWER: We understand that it also ozonates and oxygenates the blood, as well? SKILLING: Through this dynamic movement and balance of fluids there is more efficient absorption and utilization of oxygen by the body. The long-term use of the gas tubes transmits ozone through the skin and tissues ...
< 1 ... 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 ... 611 >

Polyclonal B cell response



Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g. bacteria) are recognized by the immune system as foreign (non-self), and eliminated or effectively neutralized to reduce their potential damage. Such a recognizable substance is called an antigen. The immune system may respond in multiple ways to an antigen; a key feature of this response is the production of antibodies by B cells (or B lymphocytes) involving an arm of the immune system known as humoral immunity. The antibodies are soluble and do not require direct cell-to-cell contact between the pathogen and the B-cell to function.Antigens can be large and complex substances, and any single antibody can only bind to a small, specific area on the antigen. Consequently, an effective immune response often involves the production of many different antibodies by many different B cells against the same antigen. Hence the term ""polyclonal"", which derives from the words poly, meaning many, and clones (""Klon""=Greek for sprout or twig); a clone is a group of cells arising from a common ""mother"" cell. The antibodies thus produced in a polyclonal response are known as polyclonal antibodies. The heterogeneous polyclonal antibodies are distinct from monoclonal antibody molecules, which are identical and react against a single epitope only, i.e., are more specific.Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens, it also increases chances of developing certain autoimmune diseases resulting from the reaction of the immune system against native molecules produced within the host.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report