detailed lecture outline
... Monocytes are large, spherical cells that make up 2 to 8% of circulating WBCs. Monocytes enter peripheral tissues to become tissue macrophages which can engulf large particles and pathogens. They secrete substances that attract other immune system cells and fibroblasts to the injured area. ...
... Monocytes are large, spherical cells that make up 2 to 8% of circulating WBCs. Monocytes enter peripheral tissues to become tissue macrophages which can engulf large particles and pathogens. They secrete substances that attract other immune system cells and fibroblasts to the injured area. ...
Enlightenments from Immunity on Organizational Theories Yihua
... It is clear that the differences caused by the genetic immunity and exercise of specific immunity will make the individuals different in immune capacity. Some people’s immune system is able to recognize and resist the SARS virus while other human immune system may not identify or resist the same vir ...
... It is clear that the differences caused by the genetic immunity and exercise of specific immunity will make the individuals different in immune capacity. Some people’s immune system is able to recognize and resist the SARS virus while other human immune system may not identify or resist the same vir ...
Living Cells
... by a process called diffusion. We have studied the process of diffusion in earlier chapters. We saw that there is spontaneous movement of a substance from a region of high concentration to a region where its concentration is low. Something similar to this happens in cells when, for example, some sub ...
... by a process called diffusion. We have studied the process of diffusion in earlier chapters. We saw that there is spontaneous movement of a substance from a region of high concentration to a region where its concentration is low. Something similar to this happens in cells when, for example, some sub ...
LUDWIG INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RESEARCH BRUSSELS
... IL-7R is one of the genes associated with poor-response to TNF inhibitors in RA. We demonstrated that exposure of RA synovial fibroblasts to pro-inflammatory cytokines induce the production of a soluble form of IL-7R (sIL-7R). sIL-7R can be detected in the sera of patients with RA, and we demonstrat ...
... IL-7R is one of the genes associated with poor-response to TNF inhibitors in RA. We demonstrated that exposure of RA synovial fibroblasts to pro-inflammatory cytokines induce the production of a soluble form of IL-7R (sIL-7R). sIL-7R can be detected in the sera of patients with RA, and we demonstrat ...
Deep Insight Section Natural nanoparticules against cancer: mature dendritic cell-derived exosomes
... Lamparski et al., 2002), two phase I clinical trials using autologous iDex pulsed with MAGE-3 peptides in patients with stage III/IV melanoma (French trial) and lung cancer (US trial) allowed us to monitor immunological responses. At this time iDex were injected without any adjuvant. These trials ai ...
... Lamparski et al., 2002), two phase I clinical trials using autologous iDex pulsed with MAGE-3 peptides in patients with stage III/IV melanoma (French trial) and lung cancer (US trial) allowed us to monitor immunological responses. At this time iDex were injected without any adjuvant. These trials ai ...
Ontogeny of ex-Foxp3 T cells
... Characteristics of regulatory T cells Natural Tregs (nTregs) developed in thymus with high affinity for selfantigen - CD25+ Foxp3+ CTLA-4+ (5–10% of total CD4+ αβ T cells) Adaptive Tregs (aTregs) develop from conventional T cells in periphery and can be divided into (a) Th3 cells (CD4+ CD25 - Foxp3 ...
... Characteristics of regulatory T cells Natural Tregs (nTregs) developed in thymus with high affinity for selfantigen - CD25+ Foxp3+ CTLA-4+ (5–10% of total CD4+ αβ T cells) Adaptive Tregs (aTregs) develop from conventional T cells in periphery and can be divided into (a) Th3 cells (CD4+ CD25 - Foxp3 ...
Supplemental experimental methods: The study of CD4+ T cell
... activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs). STAT activation results in activation of lineage specific transcription factors, which results in cytokine production, epigenetic changes at cytokine loci, and subset specification (Supplemental figure 1). Additionally, altera ...
... activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs). STAT activation results in activation of lineage specific transcription factors, which results in cytokine production, epigenetic changes at cytokine loci, and subset specification (Supplemental figure 1). Additionally, altera ...
Cell Defence against Viral/Bacterial Infections: Closer Mechanism
... from the innate and adaptive immunity. While the adaptive response is based on the recognition of antigen-specific lymphocytes and their clonal selection, the innate immune response is not pathogen-specific and provides rapid response that is not long-lasting; however, this response is essential for ...
... from the innate and adaptive immunity. While the adaptive response is based on the recognition of antigen-specific lymphocytes and their clonal selection, the innate immune response is not pathogen-specific and provides rapid response that is not long-lasting; however, this response is essential for ...
The challenges of modelling antibody repertoire dynamics in HIV
... Selection of B cells, and their expressed antibodies, chiefly occurs in sites called germinal centres (reviewed in [5]). Germinal centres are dynamic structures that form approximately one week after infection when antigen-activated B cells migrate to B-cell follicles in lymph nodes and the spleen. ...
... Selection of B cells, and their expressed antibodies, chiefly occurs in sites called germinal centres (reviewed in [5]). Germinal centres are dynamic structures that form approximately one week after infection when antigen-activated B cells migrate to B-cell follicles in lymph nodes and the spleen. ...
Plasma cells for a lifetime?
... higher concentrations of challenging antigen, or after long periods, when numbers of specific plasma cells have declined and not all antigen is neutralized, memory B lymphocytes would be reactivated and would differentiate into new plasma cells, which in turn would compete for plasma cell survival n ...
... higher concentrations of challenging antigen, or after long periods, when numbers of specific plasma cells have declined and not all antigen is neutralized, memory B lymphocytes would be reactivated and would differentiate into new plasma cells, which in turn would compete for plasma cell survival n ...
autoimmune diseases
... Prevent the rejection of transplanted organs and tissues (bone marrow, heart, kidney, liver) Treat autoimmune diseases or diseases that are most likely of autoimmune origin (rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Crohn's disease, pemphigus, ulc ...
... Prevent the rejection of transplanted organs and tissues (bone marrow, heart, kidney, liver) Treat autoimmune diseases or diseases that are most likely of autoimmune origin (rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Crohn's disease, pemphigus, ulc ...
autoimmune diseases
... Prevent the rejection of transplanted organs and tissues (bone marrow, heart, kidney, liver) Treat autoimmune diseases or diseases that are most likely of autoimmune origin (rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Crohn's disease, pemphigus, ulc ...
... Prevent the rejection of transplanted organs and tissues (bone marrow, heart, kidney, liver) Treat autoimmune diseases or diseases that are most likely of autoimmune origin (rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Crohn's disease, pemphigus, ulc ...
Crustacean hematopoiesis and the astakine cytokines.
... crustacean vascular system should be classified as "incompletely closed" rather than “open”. In crustaceans, the circulatory system is used for oxygen transport via oxygen transport pigments of the hemocyanin protein family, which are present in plasma and not in cells. The crustacean circulatory sy ...
... crustacean vascular system should be classified as "incompletely closed" rather than “open”. In crustaceans, the circulatory system is used for oxygen transport via oxygen transport pigments of the hemocyanin protein family, which are present in plasma and not in cells. The crustacean circulatory sy ...
BME 301 - Rice University
... Use genetic engineering to manufacture pathogen protein No danger of infection Hepatitis A & B, Haemophilus influenza type b, pneumonoccocal conjugate vaccines ...
... Use genetic engineering to manufacture pathogen protein No danger of infection Hepatitis A & B, Haemophilus influenza type b, pneumonoccocal conjugate vaccines ...
Lab9
... Eosinophils appear as red granular cells with a two-lobed nucleus. Basophils, the least abundant leukocytes, account for 0.1-1% of leukocytes. They participate in the inflammatory response by secreting histamine. Low basophil counts, in conjunction with low neutrophil counts, indicate a high likelih ...
... Eosinophils appear as red granular cells with a two-lobed nucleus. Basophils, the least abundant leukocytes, account for 0.1-1% of leukocytes. They participate in the inflammatory response by secreting histamine. Low basophil counts, in conjunction with low neutrophil counts, indicate a high likelih ...
Inflammation: Immune Protection or Harmful
... last as long as the disease causing organism exists, once this occurs, the injured area should return to normal function. The actual process by which this happens is only now being understood. The key element seems to be a phenomenon called apoptosis or programmed cell death. There are two theories ...
... last as long as the disease causing organism exists, once this occurs, the injured area should return to normal function. The actual process by which this happens is only now being understood. The key element seems to be a phenomenon called apoptosis or programmed cell death. There are two theories ...
October 2010 - University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary
... lymphocytes induces relocalization of the ER resident protein STIM1 toward the plasma membrane calcium channel ORAI1 (see pseudocolor images). Changes in the rate of decay of the donor fluorophore (here CFP-conjugated STIM1) was used to obtain quantitative measurements of the interaction between th ...
... lymphocytes induces relocalization of the ER resident protein STIM1 toward the plasma membrane calcium channel ORAI1 (see pseudocolor images). Changes in the rate of decay of the donor fluorophore (here CFP-conjugated STIM1) was used to obtain quantitative measurements of the interaction between th ...
Document
... received conventional therapy* followed by immunization with ICT’s DNA-based vaccine has ...
... received conventional therapy* followed by immunization with ICT’s DNA-based vaccine has ...
Polyclonal B cell response
Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g. bacteria) are recognized by the immune system as foreign (non-self), and eliminated or effectively neutralized to reduce their potential damage. Such a recognizable substance is called an antigen. The immune system may respond in multiple ways to an antigen; a key feature of this response is the production of antibodies by B cells (or B lymphocytes) involving an arm of the immune system known as humoral immunity. The antibodies are soluble and do not require direct cell-to-cell contact between the pathogen and the B-cell to function.Antigens can be large and complex substances, and any single antibody can only bind to a small, specific area on the antigen. Consequently, an effective immune response often involves the production of many different antibodies by many different B cells against the same antigen. Hence the term ""polyclonal"", which derives from the words poly, meaning many, and clones (""Klon""=Greek for sprout or twig); a clone is a group of cells arising from a common ""mother"" cell. The antibodies thus produced in a polyclonal response are known as polyclonal antibodies. The heterogeneous polyclonal antibodies are distinct from monoclonal antibody molecules, which are identical and react against a single epitope only, i.e., are more specific.Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens, it also increases chances of developing certain autoimmune diseases resulting from the reaction of the immune system against native molecules produced within the host.