INTEGRATING MULTIPLE EVOLUTIONARY
... results, they hypothesized that the adaptation they observed was due to rare, recessive alleles maintained in the natural population by mutation-selection balance (Woodworth et al., 2002). These empirical results contribute to a wealth of literature concerning the failure of reintroduction programs ...
... results, they hypothesized that the adaptation they observed was due to rare, recessive alleles maintained in the natural population by mutation-selection balance (Woodworth et al., 2002). These empirical results contribute to a wealth of literature concerning the failure of reintroduction programs ...
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Markers in
... genes is within reach for conservation programs. A key region of the genome that should be targeted for population genetic studies is the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC). MHC genes, found in all jawed vertebrates, are the most polymorphic genes in vertebrate genomes. They play key roles in im ...
... genes is within reach for conservation programs. A key region of the genome that should be targeted for population genetic studies is the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC). MHC genes, found in all jawed vertebrates, are the most polymorphic genes in vertebrate genomes. They play key roles in im ...
Characterization of amoxicillin‐and clavulanic acid‐specific T cells
... Munir Pirmohamed,1,4 B. Kevin Park,1 and Dean J. Naisbitt1 Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) frequently has a delayed onset with several human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes affecting susceptibility, indicating a potential role for the adaptive immune system in the disease. The aim of this study w ...
... Munir Pirmohamed,1,4 B. Kevin Park,1 and Dean J. Naisbitt1 Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) frequently has a delayed onset with several human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes affecting susceptibility, indicating a potential role for the adaptive immune system in the disease. The aim of this study w ...
Allo-HLA reactivity of virus-specific memory T cells is common
... of T cells, B cells, and monocytes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors were stained with either anti-CD3, anti-CD19, or anti-CD14 magnetic-activated cell sorting beads (Miltenyi Biotec), respectively, and isolated according to the manufacturer’s instructions. CD40 ligand (CD40L)– a ...
... of T cells, B cells, and monocytes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors were stained with either anti-CD3, anti-CD19, or anti-CD14 magnetic-activated cell sorting beads (Miltenyi Biotec), respectively, and isolated according to the manufacturer’s instructions. CD40 ligand (CD40L)– a ...
Type 1 Diabetes
... People with type 1 diabetes are more likely to have inherited certain cell types (called HLA types). Those who don’t have diabetes are less likely to have these HLA types. The HLA types are determined by using white blood cells (WBCs) for typing. Blood types (A, B, AB and O) are determined using red ...
... People with type 1 diabetes are more likely to have inherited certain cell types (called HLA types). Those who don’t have diabetes are less likely to have these HLA types. The HLA types are determined by using white blood cells (WBCs) for typing. Blood types (A, B, AB and O) are determined using red ...
Antibody response to DBY minor histocompatibility antigen is
... patients with female donors, but only 2 of these patients had detectable antibody responses to DBX (P ⬍ .001, McNemar test). In contrast, only 2 of 39 male patients who received stem cells from male donors developed antibody responses to DBY. None of the 30 healthy men tested positive for either DBY ...
... patients with female donors, but only 2 of these patients had detectable antibody responses to DBX (P ⬍ .001, McNemar test). In contrast, only 2 of 39 male patients who received stem cells from male donors developed antibody responses to DBY. None of the 30 healthy men tested positive for either DBY ...
Association of asthma and total IgE levels with human leucocyte
... was performed by the polymerase chain reaction with the sequence-specific primers method in 82 patients with symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis and/or bronchial asthma and 52 healthy nonatopic control subjects. A significant association was found between HLA-DRB1*02, B5* haplotype and asthma phe ...
... was performed by the polymerase chain reaction with the sequence-specific primers method in 82 patients with symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis and/or bronchial asthma and 52 healthy nonatopic control subjects. A significant association was found between HLA-DRB1*02, B5* haplotype and asthma phe ...
1 Surrogate Genetics and Metabolic Profiling for Characterization of
... devastating manifestations. Early detection coupled with dietary modification greatly reduces pathology, but the response to treatment differs with the allele of CBS. A better understanding of the relationship between allelic variants and protein function will improve both diagnosis and treatment. T ...
... devastating manifestations. Early detection coupled with dietary modification greatly reduces pathology, but the response to treatment differs with the allele of CBS. A better understanding of the relationship between allelic variants and protein function will improve both diagnosis and treatment. T ...
Organ-specific Autoimmune Disease: A Deficiency of
... It is well appreciated that organ-specific autoimmune diseases run in families, but that within a family one member may have type 1 diabetes, another autoimmune thyroid disease, and another multiple sclerosis (1). What causes clustering of different autoimmune diseases along genetic lines, and what ...
... It is well appreciated that organ-specific autoimmune diseases run in families, but that within a family one member may have type 1 diabetes, another autoimmune thyroid disease, and another multiple sclerosis (1). What causes clustering of different autoimmune diseases along genetic lines, and what ...
transplantation - Shandong University
... human kidney transplant was performed between twins in Boston. – Transplants were possible in unrelated people if drugs were taken to suppress the body's immune reaction Great events in history of transplantation 2006-7year Immunology ...
... human kidney transplant was performed between twins in Boston. – Transplants were possible in unrelated people if drugs were taken to suppress the body's immune reaction Great events in history of transplantation 2006-7year Immunology ...
Genetic Crosses
... Explain how probability is used to predict the results of genetic crosses. Use a Punnett square to predict the results of monohybrid and dihybrid genetic crosses. Explain how a testcross is used to show the genotype of an individual whose phenotype is dominant. Differentiate a monohybrid cross from ...
... Explain how probability is used to predict the results of genetic crosses. Use a Punnett square to predict the results of monohybrid and dihybrid genetic crosses. Explain how a testcross is used to show the genotype of an individual whose phenotype is dominant. Differentiate a monohybrid cross from ...
Diversity of Lactase Persistence Alleles in Ethiopia
... 14010*C, rs145946881) in the same LCT enhancer region have been reported to cause lactase persistence.8–16 In Tanzania and Kenya, one particular allele, 14010*C, is at high frequency and gives a significant signal of positive selection in tests of haplotype homozygosity, with expansion of the 140 ...
... 14010*C, rs145946881) in the same LCT enhancer region have been reported to cause lactase persistence.8–16 In Tanzania and Kenya, one particular allele, 14010*C, is at high frequency and gives a significant signal of positive selection in tests of haplotype homozygosity, with expansion of the 140 ...
Minimum SNPs version 2043 user manual
... download concatenated databases from MLST web sites. As a consequence the software contains its own concatenation facility. (In this manual, a concatenated MLST database is termed a “mega-alignment”). Although the concatenation function in Minimum SNPs is completely functional, it is somewhat inconv ...
... download concatenated databases from MLST web sites. As a consequence the software contains its own concatenation facility. (In this manual, a concatenated MLST database is termed a “mega-alignment”). Although the concatenation function in Minimum SNPs is completely functional, it is somewhat inconv ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Meningitis Research Foundation
... Patients with serogroup Y meningococci were older than patients infected by other serogroups, with a median age of 34 years. Nearly 50% of the patients had septicaemia. Over 73% of the isolates were Y:14:NST or Y:4,14:NST (Table 1) ...
... Patients with serogroup Y meningococci were older than patients infected by other serogroups, with a median age of 34 years. Nearly 50% of the patients had septicaemia. Over 73% of the isolates were Y:14:NST or Y:4,14:NST (Table 1) ...
a nine-base pair deletion distinguishes two en/spm
... distinguishable phenotypes from the original a1-m(dense) insert at the A1 locus (PETERSON, 1956). The recurrent backcross parent, a1 sh2, represents a close linkage of the a1 and sh2 (shrunken 2) genes (.25 units). The isolation of plant DNA: DNA was isolated as described by SCHWARZSOMMEr et al., 19 ...
... distinguishable phenotypes from the original a1-m(dense) insert at the A1 locus (PETERSON, 1956). The recurrent backcross parent, a1 sh2, represents a close linkage of the a1 and sh2 (shrunken 2) genes (.25 units). The isolation of plant DNA: DNA was isolated as described by SCHWARZSOMMEr et al., 19 ...
G enetics - Lantern Publishing
... allele will not display the effects of the altered allele in their phenotype but are classified as carriers of the altered allele. Carriers are not affected by the recessive allele but are able to pass that affected allele on to the next generation. Individuals need both alleles to be in the recessi ...
... allele will not display the effects of the altered allele in their phenotype but are classified as carriers of the altered allele. Carriers are not affected by the recessive allele but are able to pass that affected allele on to the next generation. Individuals need both alleles to be in the recessi ...
Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium and the Foundations of Evolutionary
... resulting from a cross between two F1 heterozygotes. The difference is that Mendel was dealing with a specific case where the allele frequencies among the uniting gametes were 0.5 for both alleles, whereas Hardy’s algebraic formulation is much more generally applicable to populations with any combin ...
... resulting from a cross between two F1 heterozygotes. The difference is that Mendel was dealing with a specific case where the allele frequencies among the uniting gametes were 0.5 for both alleles, whereas Hardy’s algebraic formulation is much more generally applicable to populations with any combin ...
Speculations on Etiology of Diabetes Mellitus
... activator of gene expression (8). Gene regulation as a function of environmental interaction has come of age and is certain to play a critical role in future understanding of diabetes. Structural genes. The expression of genes coding for proteins is obviously relevant to the development of diabetes. ...
... activator of gene expression (8). Gene regulation as a function of environmental interaction has come of age and is certain to play a critical role in future understanding of diabetes. Structural genes. The expression of genes coding for proteins is obviously relevant to the development of diabetes. ...
| Specific antigen(s) in sarcoidosis: a link to autoimmunity?
... was weakened when bacterial DNA was identified in sarcoidosis lesions [8, 9]. The results presented by these authors suggest that microorganisms such as propionibacteria and mycobacteria are either the cause or at least an important cofactor in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. In this issue of the E ...
... was weakened when bacterial DNA was identified in sarcoidosis lesions [8, 9]. The results presented by these authors suggest that microorganisms such as propionibacteria and mycobacteria are either the cause or at least an important cofactor in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. In this issue of the E ...
Characterization of Haemolysin of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated
... Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen bacteria causing food poisoning and various infection in animals and humans. Haemolysin is one of the virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus. The aims of the research were to characterize haemolysins of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from various fo ...
... Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen bacteria causing food poisoning and various infection in animals and humans. Haemolysin is one of the virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus. The aims of the research were to characterize haemolysins of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from various fo ...
الشريحة 1
... After ABO, the Rh system is the second most important system. This is because: The D antigen is extremely immunogenic. It causes the production of anti-D in 50 - 70% of Rh(D) negative people who are exposed to the D antigen. Moreover, anti-D is the most common cause of severe HDN and can cause in Ut ...
... After ABO, the Rh system is the second most important system. This is because: The D antigen is extremely immunogenic. It causes the production of anti-D in 50 - 70% of Rh(D) negative people who are exposed to the D antigen. Moreover, anti-D is the most common cause of severe HDN and can cause in Ut ...
Positive Selection of Deleterious Alleles through Interaction with a
... or quality of X- and Y-bearing spermatozoa) and suppressors (genes suppressing sex-ratio distorter activity), whose occurrence in the Kruger buffalo population has been suggested in a previous study [13]. Sex-ratio distorters, in particular, can have a strong negative effect on fitness by decreasing ...
... or quality of X- and Y-bearing spermatozoa) and suppressors (genes suppressing sex-ratio distorter activity), whose occurrence in the Kruger buffalo population has been suggested in a previous study [13]. Sex-ratio distorters, in particular, can have a strong negative effect on fitness by decreasing ...
Surrogate Genetics and Metabolic Profiling for Characterization of
... CBS and its variants have the potential to alter regulatory methylation of DNA and histones, as well as the redox state of the cell. Yet, elevated homocysteine levels occur in many people, including heterozygotes for some CBS alleles, without any clinical symptoms (Motulsky 1996; Guttormsen et al. 2 ...
... CBS and its variants have the potential to alter regulatory methylation of DNA and histones, as well as the redox state of the cell. Yet, elevated homocysteine levels occur in many people, including heterozygotes for some CBS alleles, without any clinical symptoms (Motulsky 1996; Guttormsen et al. 2 ...
Human leukocyte antigen
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system is the locus of genes that encode for proteins on the surface of cells that are responsible for regulation of the immune system in humans. This group of genes resides on chromosome 6 (exception: the gene for β2-microglobulin which is located on chromosome 15), and encodes cell-surface antigen-presenting proteins and has many other functions. The HLA genes are the human versions of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes that are found in most vertebrates (and thus are the most studied of the MHC genes). The proteins encoded by certain genes are also known as antigens, as a result of their historic discovery as factors in organ transplants. The major HLAs are essential elements for immune function. Different classes have different functions:HLAs corresponding to MHC class I (A, B, and C) present peptides from inside the cell. For example, if the cell is infected by a virus, the HLA system brings fragments of the virus to the surface of the cell so that the cell can be destroyed by the immune system. These peptides are produced from digested proteins that are broken down in the proteasomes. In general, these particular peptides are small polymers, about 9 amino acids in length. Foreign antigens presented by MHC class I attract killer T-cells (also called CD8 positive- or cytotoxic T-cells) that destroy cells.HLAs corresponding to MHC class II (DP, DM, DOA, DOB, DQ, and DR) present antigens from outside of the cell to T-lymphocytes. These particular antigens stimulate the multiplication of T-helper cells, which in turn stimulate antibody-producing B-cells to produce antibodies to that specific antigen. Self-antigens are suppressed by regulatory T cells.HLAs corresponding to MHC class III encode components of the complement system.HLAs have other roles. They are important in disease defense. They are the major cause of organ transplant rejections. They may protect against or fail to protect (if down-regulated by an infection) against cancers. Mutations in HLA may be linked to autoimmune disease (examples: type I diabetes, coeliac disease). HLA may also be related to people's perception of the odor of other people, and may be involved in mate selection, as at least one study found a lower-than-expected rate of HLA similarity between spouses in an isolated community.Aside from the genes encoding the 6 major antigen-presenting proteins, there are a large number of other genes, many involved in immune function, located on the HLA complex. Diversity of HLAs in the human population is one aspect of disease defense, and, as a result, the chance of two unrelated individuals with identical HLA molecules on all loci is very low. HLA genes have historically been identified as a result of the ability to successfully transplant organs between HLA-similar individuals.