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Organelles
Organelles

... All this packaging is necessary so the cell is able to recognize the protein as 'self'. If the protein is not recognized the immune system will treat the protein as a foreign body known as an antigen. When this happens the immune system undergoes an immune response. Viruses and bacteria that cause d ...
Kuby Immunology 6/e - Dr. Jennifer Capers, PhD
Kuby Immunology 6/e - Dr. Jennifer Capers, PhD

... Various cytokines and inflammatory mediators act on local blood vessels 4 steps of extravasation: ○ Rolling, mediated by selectins ○ Activation by chemoattractant stimulus ○ Arrest and adhesion, mediated by integrins binding to Ig-family ○ Transendothelial migration ...
Document
Document

... T- and B-cells are highly specialized defender cells - different groups of cells are tailored to different germs. When your body is infected with a particular germ, only the T- and Bcells that recognize it will respond. These selected cells then quickly multiply, creating an army of identical cells ...
ma - FixHepC
ma - FixHepC

...  History of cancer immunotherapy  Tumor immunology  Evolution of immune checkpoint inhibition in solid tumors  Response kinetics of checkpoint blockade  Rationale for combination therapy ...
Structure of the Proteasome
Structure of the Proteasome

... Angiogenesis and metastasis are also inhibited. ...
White blood cells (green) attack a cancerous cell (blue) in a
White blood cells (green) attack a cancerous cell (blue) in a

... melanoma. IL-2 can produce remarkable results, but it only works for about 6 percent of patients, and side effects are brutal: 2 percent of patients die from the treatment. The T cells stimulated by IL-2 act as a bludgeon against cancer; immunotherapies take a more nuanced approach. Over the past tw ...
immunology2
immunology2

... 3- acute phase protein.. A* originated from the liver. B* present in blood. C* nature : its group of proteins produce by hepatic cells in low level in healthy body. D* function : in case of infection , macrophage ingest bacteria secrete cytokines ώ activate hepatic cell to secrete large amount of a ...
Module 6 Immunology
Module 6 Immunology

... Certain regions of Africa showed limited transfer of IgG because FcRn was saturated with IgG (Palmeira, et al. 2012) Largest amount of transfer happens in third trimester At full term, fetal IgG concentrations surpass the mothers by ...
Biol260exam2summer2012
Biol260exam2summer2012

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Innate vs Adaptive Immunity

... Antibodies are Antibodies that produced as a have been produced result of by another animal immunisation or given artificially. with a vaccine ...
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Prioritization of Neoantigens without Predictions: Comprehensive T

... Forward-looking statements include all statements that are not historical facts and can be identified by terms such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “could,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “potential,” “predicts,” “projects,” “should,” “will,” “would” or similar expressions and the ne ...
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Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men >50 yrs in

... -Snack on raw, unroasted pumpkin seeds. These are a good source of zinc. Zinc is an important mineral for the immune system that is often deficient in the diet. -Use nutritional yeast regularly in soups, sauces, salads and sprinkled on cereal. This will give a boost to the immune system. It is also ...
Helper T cells - Morgan Community College
Helper T cells - Morgan Community College

...  Chemotaxic cytokines attract WBCs to the infection  Growth factors: cause WBCs to divide and mature  Cytokines are cell communication molecules: used to control activity of other WBCs ...
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14-1 Checkpoint - Jordan High School

... 2. A rise in the level of interferon in the body indicates what type of infection? 3. What effects does a fever have on the body? ...
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... Naturally Acquired Active Immunity is when the person has acquired active immunity by natural means (e.g. they have survived the infection by a pathogen, and if exposed to this antigen again, a secondary immune response occurs) Artificially Acquired Active Immunity is when the person has received a ...
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Disease Unit Review

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328 Comparative evolutionary analysis of IL6 in lagomorphs F

... single individual, but successfully pass between individuals becoming a contagious cancer derived from a single neoplastic cell. Devil Facial Tumour Disease (DFTD) is one such contagious cancer that has emerged in the Tasmanian devil, a carnivorous marsupial endemic to the island of Tasmania. Despit ...
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APSpring14_142Q2Aans..

... The myocardium of the left ventricle is thicker than the right ventricle The right SL valve prevents blood from flowing from the pulmonary veins into the right atrium B&D ...
Leaky Gut Syndrome - Back In Action Chiropratic
Leaky Gut Syndrome - Back In Action Chiropratic

Chapter 24: The Immune System 24.1 Innate defenses against
Chapter 24: The Immune System 24.1 Innate defenses against

... • Infection or vaccination – Triggers active immunity 24.5 Lymphocytes mount a dual defense • Two kinds of lymphocytes carry out the immune response – B cells secrete antibodies that attack antigens – T cells attack cells infected with pathogens • Millions of kinds of B cells and T cells, each with ...
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... suppression of antigen specific proliferation in vitro). Look for monoclonal antibodies that modulate a function (eg. same assay). ...
Glossary - The Polesworth School
Glossary - The Polesworth School

... The administration of a vaccine in order to stimulate the body to develop immunity to a particular pathogen A preparation of dead or inactive pathogens injected to stimulate white blood cells to make antibodies and memory cells, so in future if infected with live pathogens of that type they will be ...
AMS_PowerPoint_Haematopoietic_2
AMS_PowerPoint_Haematopoietic_2

... Deficiency of red cells or haemoglobin, results from excessive loss (blood loss anaemia), increased destruction (haemolytic anaemia), or impaired production of red blood cells (iron deficiency, megaloblastic, and aplastic anaemia. 2. Blood loss anaemia is characterised by loss of ironcontaining red ...
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Cancer immunotherapy



Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.
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