PNI_Fabi_Tatone_Dec2006
... The two pathways connecting these systems are primarily the autonomic nervous system and the HPA axis, and these communicate via chemical messengers from nerve cells, endocrine organs, and immune cells. Although most research has focused on how the sympathetic nervous system and HPA axis affect the ...
... The two pathways connecting these systems are primarily the autonomic nervous system and the HPA axis, and these communicate via chemical messengers from nerve cells, endocrine organs, and immune cells. Although most research has focused on how the sympathetic nervous system and HPA axis affect the ...
Cytokines
... T-cell proliferation measured by labeled thymidine incorporation into the cell culture. Why use PHA? Why not use a specific T-cell antigen? ...
... T-cell proliferation measured by labeled thymidine incorporation into the cell culture. Why use PHA? Why not use a specific T-cell antigen? ...
Nature of the Immune System
... Alpha-1 Acid Glycoprotein(AGP) is an acute phase protein manufactured in the liver and found in the blood of humans and animals. In the simplest form, detection of elevated levels of AGP has been shown to indicate background illness or other stressors when animals appear clinically normal. Acute pha ...
... Alpha-1 Acid Glycoprotein(AGP) is an acute phase protein manufactured in the liver and found in the blood of humans and animals. In the simplest form, detection of elevated levels of AGP has been shown to indicate background illness or other stressors when animals appear clinically normal. Acute pha ...
Immunotherapy for small-cell lung cancer: rationale and clinical
... system is able to induce an antitumor immune response (13). Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), either alone or in combination with chemotherapy, represents a particularly promising approach to the treatment of this disease. The combination of ipilimumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody against-cyto ...
... system is able to induce an antitumor immune response (13). Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), either alone or in combination with chemotherapy, represents a particularly promising approach to the treatment of this disease. The combination of ipilimumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody against-cyto ...
BioBran-augmented maturation of human monocyte
... IL-4 (1,000 U/mL) in the presence or absence of maturation stimuli for a further 2 days. Cytokine maturation mix 1 (CMM1; TNF-α (10 ng/ml), IL-1β (10 ng/ml) and IL-6 (10 ng/ml)), and cytokine maturation mix 2 (CMM2; LPS (250 ng/ml) and IFNγ (1000 IU/ml)) with or without addition of BioBran (10, 100, ...
... IL-4 (1,000 U/mL) in the presence or absence of maturation stimuli for a further 2 days. Cytokine maturation mix 1 (CMM1; TNF-α (10 ng/ml), IL-1β (10 ng/ml) and IL-6 (10 ng/ml)), and cytokine maturation mix 2 (CMM2; LPS (250 ng/ml) and IFNγ (1000 IU/ml)) with or without addition of BioBran (10, 100, ...
blood stem cell - Cloudfront.net
... usually ok, but not later Rh- ones (can be lethal to baby) If mom is Rh- then give “Rhogam” during pregnancy [(is anti- Rh(D): Rh(D) Ig (immunoglobin)], an antibody which will destroy any of the baby’s RBCs which leak into mom’s blood during the pregnancy so she will not mount an immune response t ...
... usually ok, but not later Rh- ones (can be lethal to baby) If mom is Rh- then give “Rhogam” during pregnancy [(is anti- Rh(D): Rh(D) Ig (immunoglobin)], an antibody which will destroy any of the baby’s RBCs which leak into mom’s blood during the pregnancy so she will not mount an immune response t ...
Lecture 4 Antigen Recognition
... Antigen recognition depends on detection of antigen by special receptors. Antigen recognition depends on cellular cooperation. Cellular cooperation is controlled by recognition of MHC-encoded receptors. Antigen “drives” the process resulting in “effector” cells and “memory” cells. ...
... Antigen recognition depends on detection of antigen by special receptors. Antigen recognition depends on cellular cooperation. Cellular cooperation is controlled by recognition of MHC-encoded receptors. Antigen “drives” the process resulting in “effector” cells and “memory” cells. ...
Antigen
... • Immunological memory is responsible for longterm protections against diseases, due to either a prior infection or vaccination • The first exposure to a specific antigen represents the primary immune response • During this time, selected B and T cells give rise to their effector forms • In the seco ...
... • Immunological memory is responsible for longterm protections against diseases, due to either a prior infection or vaccination • The first exposure to a specific antigen represents the primary immune response • During this time, selected B and T cells give rise to their effector forms • In the seco ...
Autoimmunity Autoimmunity Targets of Autoimmunity
... – T cells interact strongly with self MHC and self peptides are killed – B cells that have anti-self antibodies are killed ...
... – T cells interact strongly with self MHC and self peptides are killed – B cells that have anti-self antibodies are killed ...
Immune System and Disease
... How Diseases Spread Infectious diseases can be spread in several ways. ▶ Some infectious diseases are spread from person to person through coughing, sneezing, physical contact, or exchange of body fluids. Most infectious diseases are spread through indirect contact, such as pathogens that are carrie ...
... How Diseases Spread Infectious diseases can be spread in several ways. ▶ Some infectious diseases are spread from person to person through coughing, sneezing, physical contact, or exchange of body fluids. Most infectious diseases are spread through indirect contact, such as pathogens that are carrie ...
Blood Bank - MATCOnline
... causes antibodies to form against it. These antibodies are usually transported across the placenta and become part of the fetal circulation. This is when they attach to the baby’s D antigen. Remember, some of these reactions cause destruction of the red cell (hemolysis). The baby can be in a life ...
... causes antibodies to form against it. These antibodies are usually transported across the placenta and become part of the fetal circulation. This is when they attach to the baby’s D antigen. Remember, some of these reactions cause destruction of the red cell (hemolysis). The baby can be in a life ...
4 dent B cell - immunology.unideb.hu
... The “foreign agents” entering the spleen or other peripheral lymphoid organs are faced with a repertoire lymphocytes that have left the bone marrow and has entered the circulation. The antigens “select” those lymphocytes from the repertoire that are able to detect them. The recognition of antigen le ...
... The “foreign agents” entering the spleen or other peripheral lymphoid organs are faced with a repertoire lymphocytes that have left the bone marrow and has entered the circulation. The antigens “select” those lymphocytes from the repertoire that are able to detect them. The recognition of antigen le ...
Chapter 16 Supplement
... _______________ are antigenic only when they are coupled with large carrier molecules such as proteins. ...
... _______________ are antigenic only when they are coupled with large carrier molecules such as proteins. ...
Central Nervous System Control of the Immune System and T
... Effector Cells: macrophages, natural killer cells Specific: also referred to as acquired immunity or adaptive. Is able to distinguish foreign cells from self-cells and can distinguish one foreign antigen from another. Acquired immunity cells have mechanisms for selecting a precisely defined target a ...
... Effector Cells: macrophages, natural killer cells Specific: also referred to as acquired immunity or adaptive. Is able to distinguish foreign cells from self-cells and can distinguish one foreign antigen from another. Acquired immunity cells have mechanisms for selecting a precisely defined target a ...
ACQUIRED (SPECIFIC) IMMUNITY
... b. The lymphoid cells recognize that particular epitope and acquire the ability to react with it. c. The result of these consequences of events is the activation of antigen-specific B and T cells, causing them to proliferate and mature. The consequences of the initial interaction between lymphocytes ...
... b. The lymphoid cells recognize that particular epitope and acquire the ability to react with it. c. The result of these consequences of events is the activation of antigen-specific B and T cells, causing them to proliferate and mature. The consequences of the initial interaction between lymphocytes ...
THE SPLEEN
... stress, such as in haemolytic anaemia or thalassaemia major. Immunological function. About 25% of the body’s T lymphocytes and 15% of B lymphocytes are present in the spleen. The spleen shares the function of production of antibodies with other lymphoid tissues. Blood pooling. Up to one-third of the ...
... stress, such as in haemolytic anaemia or thalassaemia major. Immunological function. About 25% of the body’s T lymphocytes and 15% of B lymphocytes are present in the spleen. The spleen shares the function of production of antibodies with other lymphoid tissues. Blood pooling. Up to one-third of the ...
Document
... Regulatory T cells • Regulatory T cells are CD4+ cells that express high levels of CD25 (IL-2 receptor a chain) – Generated by self antigen recognition in the thymus or peripheral tissues – Generation requires a transcription factor called Foxp3 (mutations in Foxp3 are the cause of a severe autoimm ...
... Regulatory T cells • Regulatory T cells are CD4+ cells that express high levels of CD25 (IL-2 receptor a chain) – Generated by self antigen recognition in the thymus or peripheral tissues – Generation requires a transcription factor called Foxp3 (mutations in Foxp3 are the cause of a severe autoimm ...
Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.