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Objectives 24 - U
Objectives 24 - U

... (PtdSer) on cell surface  this phospholipid is in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane but during apoptosis is exposed  this serves as a signal through a protein called Annexin V (its binding is used for apoptosis assay), for macrophages to consume the apoptotic bodies but not to release cytok ...
Notes-Blood and Immunity
Notes-Blood and Immunity

... become inflamed and constrict, and are lined with large amounts of mucus • trigged triggered by such things as exposure to an environmental stimulant such as an allergen, environmental tobacco smoke, cold or ...
Topic: Immunity Aim: Describe how your immune system works to
Topic: Immunity Aim: Describe how your immune system works to

... became ill. This resistance to a sickness is called immunity and it takes two forms: passive and active. When babies are first born, they have only the antibodies transferred to them by their mothers during pregnancy or through breast milk. They have not had the chance to develop antibodies of their ...
Helicobacter pylori evolution and phenotypic diversification in a
Helicobacter pylori evolution and phenotypic diversification in a

Proteomic Characterization of the Evolution of the Circulating
Proteomic Characterization of the Evolution of the Circulating

... response during HBV vaccination, we conducted proteomic analyses on longitudinal samples from the same donor that was vaccinated against HBV. The majority of vaccine-specific monoclonal antibodies observed in circulation one week after the second immunization were still present one week and six week ...
Stem Cell Classification Adult Stem Cells Embryonic Stem Cells
Stem Cell Classification Adult Stem Cells Embryonic Stem Cells

... stem cells are also found in children and in umbilical cord blood, so the term somatic stem cell is more accurate although less frequently used. A major advantage of adult stem cells is that they can be taken from a patient, grown in culture, and put back into the patient. Thus, the risk of transpla ...
Microbiology: Basic Concepts of Immunology pg. 1 Haleigh Stidham
Microbiology: Basic Concepts of Immunology pg. 1 Haleigh Stidham

... f) Antibodies – key players produced by B cells that are involved in targeting antigens for their removal. i) Antibodies—think “humoral” ii) Antibodies don’t actually kill anything. iii) They bind to things and then one end of the antibody molecule has specific receptors that determine the fate of t ...
Immunol-revision-lecture-3-prof-feighery
Immunol-revision-lecture-3-prof-feighery

... Cells of the immune system ‘talk’ to each other by producing cytokines - like ‘text messages’ informing cells what their function should be! ...
Micro 532 Exam 1995
Micro 532 Exam 1995

... You have been asked to consult in a clinical diagnostic laboratory. The lab is trying to determine why its new antibody assay system is not accurately detecting protective antibodies in the sera of persons recently exposed to Bonga-Bonga fever virus. This is very frustrating to the laboratory since ...
Document
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... • Leukemia leads to opportunistic infections. – occur because white blood cells cannot fight infections – if immune system were healthy, would fight these infections ...
Cattle Vaccination and Immunity - NMSU ACES
Cattle Vaccination and Immunity - NMSU ACES

... immune system responds to a vaccine is important to understanding how vaccines function. The first time a cow’s immune system encounters a pathogen (disease-causing agent), it often cannot respond quickly enough to prevent disease. However, the immune system usually succeeds in neutralizing the infe ...
PowerPoint Presentation - I. Introduction to class
PowerPoint Presentation - I. Introduction to class

... Blood group system: Type O is universal donor. Incompatible donor cells are lysed as they enter bloodstream.  Rh Blood Group System: 85% of population is Rh positive. Those who are Rh negative can be sensitized to destroy Rh positive blood cells. • Hemolytic disease of newborn: Fetal cells are dest ...
Antigen
Antigen

... site of infection or tumor formation • Recognize, attach & attack – secrete granules containing perforin that punch holes in target cell – secrete lymphotoxin that activates enzymes in the target cell causing its DNA to fragment – secrete gamma-interferon to activate phagocytic cells ...
Activated B cells
Activated B cells

... Introduction to immune system • Innate and adaptive immunity • Types of adaptive immunity • Properties and phases of adaptive immune response • Central and peripheral lymphoid organs • Lymphocyte recirculation ...
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Document

... – need to simultaneously cross-link antibodies that have separate specificities for parts of the same target antigen ...
Multicenter phase II study of matured dendritic cells pulsed with
Multicenter phase II study of matured dendritic cells pulsed with

... serum-free medium in the presence of the cytokines granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) and pulsed with tumor lysates produced from three allogeneic melanoma cell lines [3, 4]. These cell lines were selected because they express proteins that have been ...
The nature of the antigen determine the type of immune response
The nature of the antigen determine the type of immune response

... a. The type II pneumococcal capsule has as its disaccharide building block glucose in 1→ 4, 1→ 6 linkages. The antibody directed against pneumococcus type II is directed against this glucose polymer. b. This specificity is known because the antibody will react with glucose 1→ 4, 1→ 6 linkages regard ...
A1987G060600001
A1987G060600001

... control of immune response in mice. This is the main reason for the importance of the paper. In another paper, the study was extended to additional polypeptides, and the specificity of the geneticallycontrolled immune response ...
The Innate Immunity Resource Guide
The Innate Immunity Resource Guide

... Since leukocytes are able to move freely, part of the inflammatory response is their recruitment to sites of infection. These cells are the main line of defense in the non-specific immune system by interacting, identifying, capturing cellular debris, foreign particles or invading microorganisms, an ...
The Cell Membrane
The Cell Membrane

... Their function, both in the recognition of antigenic variability and in effector activities, was initially revealed by protein, and more recently by DNA, studies of their structure. Ig structure – papain (a proteolytic enzyme), splits the Ig molecule into three fragments. Two fragments are similar, ...
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... to  generate  regulatory  T  cells  specific  for   an  an
Transplantation Immunology
Transplantation Immunology

... Transplantation antigens (1) Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC): – gene complex whose alleles encode polymorphic cell surface glycoproteins involved in antigen recognition and presentation – MHC-matching between transplant donor and recipient greatly reduces likelihood of rejection ...
Visualizing gene expression and function at the cellular level
Visualizing gene expression and function at the cellular level

Publication JournalArticle (Originalarbeit in einer wissenschaftlichen
Publication JournalArticle (Originalarbeit in einer wissenschaftlichen

... Mucosa/enzymology; Solutions; Sucrase-Isomaltase Complex/immunology Four commonly used blocking agents, i.e., fetal calf serum, mammalian gelatin-Nonidet-P40, fish gelatinNonidet-P40, and defatted powdered milk were compared with respect to their efficiency to block the nonspecific background and to ...
anti-NMDA in Schizo.
anti-NMDA in Schizo.

... Various experiments showed that there’s a specific, titer dependent, and reversible loss of NMDA receptors in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (an autoimmune disorder) -inflammation of the brain caused by immune system attacking the receptor, treated by immunosu ...
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Cancer immunotherapy



Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.
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