Basophils
... Basophils and mast cells have long been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic disease as high levels of mediators common to both cell types are found in tissue locations relevant to allergic diseases. Basophils are also a source of the major Th2-driving cytokine, IL-4, early in immune responses ...
... Basophils and mast cells have long been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic disease as high levels of mediators common to both cell types are found in tissue locations relevant to allergic diseases. Basophils are also a source of the major Th2-driving cytokine, IL-4, early in immune responses ...
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... Basophils and mast cells have long been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic disease as high levels of mediators common to both cell types are found in tissue locations relevant to allergic diseases. Basophils are also a source of the major Th2-driving cytokine, IL-4, early in immune responses ...
... Basophils and mast cells have long been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic disease as high levels of mediators common to both cell types are found in tissue locations relevant to allergic diseases. Basophils are also a source of the major Th2-driving cytokine, IL-4, early in immune responses ...
Leukemia 2011 June
... Leukemia is a cancer of the marrow and blood. The four major types of leukemia are chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Leukemia is called “lymphocytic” (or “lymphoblastic”) if the cancerous change t ...
... Leukemia is a cancer of the marrow and blood. The four major types of leukemia are chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Leukemia is called “lymphocytic” (or “lymphoblastic”) if the cancerous change t ...
The role of the thymus in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell
... anew the different cellular components of the haematopoietic system. In the absence of transplant-related complications, only a few weeks are required to replace the host’s innate immune system [9]. For example, the time to exceed a threshold of 0.5x109/litre peripheral blood granulocytes is usually ...
... anew the different cellular components of the haematopoietic system. In the absence of transplant-related complications, only a few weeks are required to replace the host’s innate immune system [9]. For example, the time to exceed a threshold of 0.5x109/litre peripheral blood granulocytes is usually ...
Beta‐S‐ARCA(D1) Cap Analog Increases Protein Expression
... compared to ARCA or post‐transcriptional capping). This is based on both higher translational efficiency (as indicated by the initial slope of the curves), and improved mRNA stability (leading to a maximum at later time points). The latter could be independently confir ...
... compared to ARCA or post‐transcriptional capping). This is based on both higher translational efficiency (as indicated by the initial slope of the curves), and improved mRNA stability (leading to a maximum at later time points). The latter could be independently confir ...
HLA-A*02 AND ITS PROGNOSTIC TRAITS IN CANCER.
... HLA-A*02 negative. In the second paper, blood samples were collected from 32 patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) to determine HLA-A, -B, -Cw and -DRB1. The results showed an unusual representation of HLA alleles in EOC compared to healthy Swedish bone-marrow donors where HLA-A*02 ...
... HLA-A*02 negative. In the second paper, blood samples were collected from 32 patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) to determine HLA-A, -B, -Cw and -DRB1. The results showed an unusual representation of HLA alleles in EOC compared to healthy Swedish bone-marrow donors where HLA-A*02 ...
III. Immunosuppression and TLRs - HAL
... and/or TLR4 are essential in the absence of PMN, but not in the healthy host. This suggests that TLRs expressed by PMN are not as important in vivo as other pathogen-recognition receptors expressed by PMN. One such critical pathogen-recognition receptor may be Dectin1, a -glucan receptor. It is exp ...
... and/or TLR4 are essential in the absence of PMN, but not in the healthy host. This suggests that TLRs expressed by PMN are not as important in vivo as other pathogen-recognition receptors expressed by PMN. One such critical pathogen-recognition receptor may be Dectin1, a -glucan receptor. It is exp ...
Role of Toll-like receptors in airway inflammation
... allergic rhinitis. We also sought to map cellular and molecular changes occurring as a result of allergen-specific immunotherapy. In the first two studies, a distinct expression of TLRs was demonstrated in subsets of B and T lymphocytes isolated from human tonsils. The expression levels seemed to be ...
... allergic rhinitis. We also sought to map cellular and molecular changes occurring as a result of allergen-specific immunotherapy. In the first two studies, a distinct expression of TLRs was demonstrated in subsets of B and T lymphocytes isolated from human tonsils. The expression levels seemed to be ...
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Population Derived from
... Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being tested in a wide range of human diseases; however, loss of potency and inconsistent quality severely limit their use. To overcome these issues, we have utilized a developmental precursor called the hemangioblast as an intermediate cell type in the derivation o ...
... Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being tested in a wide range of human diseases; however, loss of potency and inconsistent quality severely limit their use. To overcome these issues, we have utilized a developmental precursor called the hemangioblast as an intermediate cell type in the derivation o ...
Effect of Boar Seminal Immunosuppressive Fraction on B
... the immune response to sperm is important for successful conception [4], but at the same time other essential immunological events are suppressed. In vitro studies have demonstrated that seminal plasma components can impair the generation of cytotoxic T cells, the response of B cells to a variety of ...
... the immune response to sperm is important for successful conception [4], but at the same time other essential immunological events are suppressed. In vitro studies have demonstrated that seminal plasma components can impair the generation of cytotoxic T cells, the response of B cells to a variety of ...
Application Note Background
... from PBMC/Monocytes Application Note Background Macrophages are tissue-resident professional phagocytes and antigen-presenting cells (APC), which differentiate from circulating peripheral blood monocytes. They perform important active and regulatory functions in innate as well as adaptive immunity [ ...
... from PBMC/Monocytes Application Note Background Macrophages are tissue-resident professional phagocytes and antigen-presenting cells (APC), which differentiate from circulating peripheral blood monocytes. They perform important active and regulatory functions in innate as well as adaptive immunity [ ...
Role of T Follicular Helper (Tfh) Cells Plasticity in
... The primed naive CD4+ T cells become pre-TFH cells, defined by CXCR5 and Bcl6 expression, which differentiate into GC Tfh cells after interactions with cognate B cells. Th1, Th2, and, presumably, Th17 cells retain flexibility in their differentiation programs such that under conditions of sustained ...
... The primed naive CD4+ T cells become pre-TFH cells, defined by CXCR5 and Bcl6 expression, which differentiate into GC Tfh cells after interactions with cognate B cells. Th1, Th2, and, presumably, Th17 cells retain flexibility in their differentiation programs such that under conditions of sustained ...
PD-L1 Expression as a Predictive Biomarker in Cancer
... the host immune system plays in cancer control was made by Dr. William Coley at the turn of the century, when he described a patient with advanced sarcoma who achieved a complete remission (CR) following two severe bacterial skin infections (1). Over time, an improved understanding of immunobiology ...
... the host immune system plays in cancer control was made by Dr. William Coley at the turn of the century, when he described a patient with advanced sarcoma who achieved a complete remission (CR) following two severe bacterial skin infections (1). Over time, an improved understanding of immunobiology ...
MORPHOLOGY ESOPHAGEAL TONSILS DUCKS BETWEEN 25
... to make a local immune defenses and inform the body of the features of these antigens. Under their influence, T- and B-cells in these organs are differentiated on effector cells, which provide specific immunity [3, 4]. Structure and development of CM relatively well studied in chickens [2, 7]. Speci ...
... to make a local immune defenses and inform the body of the features of these antigens. Under their influence, T- and B-cells in these organs are differentiated on effector cells, which provide specific immunity [3, 4]. Structure and development of CM relatively well studied in chickens [2, 7]. Speci ...
Extracellular membrane vesicles as a mechanism of cell-to
... signaling (31, 113, 160). EVs may also exert an effect on the ECM through their inclusion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), such as MMP-2 and MMP-9 (30, 108). Functions of Membrane Vesicles The functions of extracellular vesicles depend on the phenotype of their parental cells. However, although ...
... signaling (31, 113, 160). EVs may also exert an effect on the ECM through their inclusion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), such as MMP-2 and MMP-9 (30, 108). Functions of Membrane Vesicles The functions of extracellular vesicles depend on the phenotype of their parental cells. However, although ...
PD-L1 Expression as a Predictive Biomarker in Cancer
... the host immune system plays in cancer control was made by Dr. William Coley at the turn of the century, when he described a patient with advanced sarcoma who achieved a complete remission (CR) following two severe bacterial skin infections (1). Over time, an improved understanding of immunobiology ...
... the host immune system plays in cancer control was made by Dr. William Coley at the turn of the century, when he described a patient with advanced sarcoma who achieved a complete remission (CR) following two severe bacterial skin infections (1). Over time, an improved understanding of immunobiology ...
30.6 Lymphatic System KEY CONCEPT The lymphatic system provides another type of
... KEY CONCEPT The lymphatic system provides another type of circulation in the body. ...
... KEY CONCEPT The lymphatic system provides another type of circulation in the body. ...
The Cellular Biology of the Reed-Sternberg Cell
... OR STUDENTS OF the history of medicine, the evolution of our understanding of Hodgkin's disease (HD) has long proved a compelling subject. Traced in the chronology of this disorder, from its first descriptions, through the refinements in its classification, to its medical and radiotherapeutic cure, ...
... OR STUDENTS OF the history of medicine, the evolution of our understanding of Hodgkin's disease (HD) has long proved a compelling subject. Traced in the chronology of this disorder, from its first descriptions, through the refinements in its classification, to its medical and radiotherapeutic cure, ...
PARADOXICAL EFFECTS OF IMMUNE CELLS ON THE INFLAMMATION
... urban areas and northern climates (Loftus, Jr. & Sandborn, 2002;Hanauer, 2006). There are two major types of IBD, Crohn‘s and ulcerative colitis, both of which have an unknown etiology. Ulcerative colitis results in characteristic ulceration of the colon and rectum and typically involves only the in ...
... urban areas and northern climates (Loftus, Jr. & Sandborn, 2002;Hanauer, 2006). There are two major types of IBD, Crohn‘s and ulcerative colitis, both of which have an unknown etiology. Ulcerative colitis results in characteristic ulceration of the colon and rectum and typically involves only the in ...
Memory CD8 - The Journal of Immunology
... A vaccinia vector is capable of expanding memory CD8 T cells One explanation for the previous result is that immunity develops against ␥-spz which will clear the parasite on re-exposure and thus limit its ability to further expand immune responses. For this reason, heterologous prime-boost vaccinati ...
... A vaccinia vector is capable of expanding memory CD8 T cells One explanation for the previous result is that immunity develops against ␥-spz which will clear the parasite on re-exposure and thus limit its ability to further expand immune responses. For this reason, heterologous prime-boost vaccinati ...
Are mesenchymal stromal cells immune cells? Open Access Martin J Hoogduijn
... cytokines, in particular interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, they change their immunological role. In the absence of inflammation, MSCs promote the survival of T lymphocytes [26] and can even stimulate their proliferation, partly via IL-6-dependent mechanisms [27]. MSCs have recently be ...
... cytokines, in particular interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, they change their immunological role. In the absence of inflammation, MSCs promote the survival of T lymphocytes [26] and can even stimulate their proliferation, partly via IL-6-dependent mechanisms [27]. MSCs have recently be ...
Intestinal epithelial cells: regulators of barrier function and immune
... coordination of appropriate immune responses, ranging from tolerance to anti-pathogen immunity. Thus, IECs maintain a fundamental immunoregulatory function that influences the development and homeostasis of mucosal immune cells. The association between increased bacterial trans location and risk o ...
... coordination of appropriate immune responses, ranging from tolerance to anti-pathogen immunity. Thus, IECs maintain a fundamental immunoregulatory function that influences the development and homeostasis of mucosal immune cells. The association between increased bacterial trans location and risk o ...
Implications of CTL-Mediated Killing of HIV
... Infection with HIV typically leads to a vast replication of the virus during the acute phase of the infection which is followed by a chronic phase where the viral load approaches a quasi-steadystate, known as the viral set-point. It has been shown that the viral load levels can vary over orders of m ...
... Infection with HIV typically leads to a vast replication of the virus during the acute phase of the infection which is followed by a chronic phase where the viral load approaches a quasi-steadystate, known as the viral set-point. It has been shown that the viral load levels can vary over orders of m ...
FAQ About HSCT (Hematopoietic Stem Cell Therapy) in MS Q. What
... worldwide. Although this procedure has been done in hundreds of people with MS around the world, the medical centers have used different regimens and so it is still not clear what is the best and safest approach to HSCT for MS. It is also not clear how HSCT compares to available disease-modifying t ...
... worldwide. Although this procedure has been done in hundreds of people with MS around the world, the medical centers have used different regimens and so it is still not clear what is the best and safest approach to HSCT for MS. It is also not clear how HSCT compares to available disease-modifying t ...
Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.