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2014 stem cell symposium - Translational Research Institute
2014 stem cell symposium - Translational Research Institute

... He directs a large group of researchers who focus on the development of new repair strategies in stem cell therapy and gene therapy in orthopaedics. ...
Bacterial Pathogenesis
Bacterial Pathogenesis

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MaX VRL - Xymogen

... gland, are part of this first line of defense as well. There are two types of immunity. Innate immunity is the resistance we are born with, and adaptive immunity is the immunity that we acquire naturally when we are exposed to infective viruses, bacteria, other microorganisms, and toxins, or when we ...
Tumor immunity
Tumor immunity

Curbing the appetites of the big eaters - MDC Repository
Curbing the appetites of the big eaters - MDC Repository

... macrophages in spleen and peritoneal exudates of mice made them diabetic with streptozotocin. The macrophage number in the diabetic mice was reduced. Their immunogenic properties and nonopsonic phagocytosis to allogenic T cells were reduced. The antigen-presenting capacity of F4/80-positve macrophag ...
NK Cells
NK Cells

HISTORY- Antibody production
HISTORY- Antibody production

... B cell is followed by a manifold proliferation of that particular B cell, most of the progeny of which terminally differentiate into plasma B cells;[note 8] the rest survive as memory B cells. So, when the naive cells belonging to a particular clone encounter their specific antigen to give rise to t ...
Bone Marrow Transplants
Bone Marrow Transplants

... Importance of a Matched Donor 2 year survival rates vary for FA patients who have received BMTs matched sibling donor - 66 - 85% match from bank 22 - 40% What does a matched donor mean? Our cells have molecules on their surface called human leukocyte antigens (HLA). Our immune system uses to these ...
Culture and Identification of Human Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells
Culture and Identification of Human Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells

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4-Microbiota Part

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Immunology
Immunology

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Bacterial Pathogenesis

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Tumor Escape from Immune Surveillance

Kuby Immunology 6/e - Dr. Jennifer Capers
Kuby Immunology 6/e - Dr. Jennifer Capers

allergies - West Campus | Pima Community College, Tucson
allergies - West Campus | Pima Community College, Tucson

... The organs involved with the immune system are the lymphoid organs, which affect growth, development, and the release of lymphocytes. The blood vessels and lymphatic vessels are important parts of the lymphoid organs, because they carry the lymphocytes to and from different areas in the body Each ly ...
First, Second Line Immunity
First, Second Line Immunity

... Phagocytes reach the damaged area within one hour of injury. They squeeze between cells of blood vessel walls to enter the region and destroy invading ...
BiTE® ANTIBODIES: Designed to Bridge T Cells
BiTE® ANTIBODIES: Designed to Bridge T Cells

... 6. Autologous Active Cellular Immunotherapy: Activated antigenpresenting cells are reinfused into patients to direct immune cells against target cancer cells16 7. CAR-T Cells: Modified chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells redirect T cell antigen specificity, activation and further enhance T cell ...
Immunoregulation
Immunoregulation

... new functions. Two major mechanisms that activate macrophages: • IFN-γ produced by Th or Th1 cells plus bacterial endotoxin (LPS) • IFN-γ produced by Th or Th1 cells plus TNF-α ...
Hematopoiesis, immunity, hypoproliferative anemias
Hematopoiesis, immunity, hypoproliferative anemias

... cells called megakaryocytes found mainly in bone marrow Function: help blood clot, prevent bleeding ...
Multiple sclerosis: a two-stage disease - CCIS
Multiple sclerosis: a two-stage disease - CCIS

AUTOIMMUNITY
AUTOIMMUNITY

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Unit VI: Immunity and Diseases
Unit VI: Immunity and Diseases

... pregnant mother to her fetus through the placenta Pathogens – microbes that can cause disease (viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites) Phagocytes – white blood cell that engulf and ingest foreign particles, cellular debris, and microbes Phagocytosis – the process of engulfing and ingesting microbes and ...
Pulmonary dendritic cells: playing ball in the BAL? EDITORIAL
Pulmonary dendritic cells: playing ball in the BAL? EDITORIAL

... Indeed, T-lymphocytes themselves are actually ‘‘blind’’ to unprocessed antigens, and require the assistance of antigen presenting cells, such as DCs and macrophages, to be able to recognise antigens. Moreover, by the release of inflammatory cytokines, DCs influence the polarisation of the adaptive T ...
The Inflammatory Response
The Inflammatory Response

... heart, liver and kidney disease, Alzheimer’s, some cancers (perhaps from increased mutational rate and enhanced angiogenesis), fibrosis ...
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Adaptive immune system



The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.
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