What is the importance of the immunological synapse? Daniel M. Davis
... receptor (TCR) –peptide – MHC interactions were first seen to accumulate in a ring surrounding a central cluster of leukocyte function-associated molecule-1 (LFA-1) – ICAM-1 interactions, creating an immature T-cell synapse, which later inverts such that a ring of integrin, the peripheral supramolec ...
... receptor (TCR) –peptide – MHC interactions were first seen to accumulate in a ring surrounding a central cluster of leukocyte function-associated molecule-1 (LFA-1) – ICAM-1 interactions, creating an immature T-cell synapse, which later inverts such that a ring of integrin, the peripheral supramolec ...
University of Groningen Bottlenecks, budgets and immunity
... the liver produces acute phase proteins and diverts amino acids away from normal processes (such as growth or reproduction). In addition, regular body cells increase protein turnover and MHC type I presentation to CD8 T-cells. At the same time dendritic cells, which have engulfed the pathogen, are m ...
... the liver produces acute phase proteins and diverts amino acids away from normal processes (such as growth or reproduction). In addition, regular body cells increase protein turnover and MHC type I presentation to CD8 T-cells. At the same time dendritic cells, which have engulfed the pathogen, are m ...
acquired immunity copy
... • Resistance that an individual acquires during life. • 2 types : Active acquired immunity Passive acquired immunity ...
... • Resistance that an individual acquires during life. • 2 types : Active acquired immunity Passive acquired immunity ...
The Antimicrobial Host Defense of Drosophila : A paradigm for
... bacterial and viral infections. We have investigated this defense and have asked three types of questions : (1) how does Drosophila recognize the invading microorganisms; (2) how does recognition lead to activation of intracellular signaling cascades and gene reprogramming; (3) which effector molecu ...
... bacterial and viral infections. We have investigated this defense and have asked three types of questions : (1) how does Drosophila recognize the invading microorganisms; (2) how does recognition lead to activation of intracellular signaling cascades and gene reprogramming; (3) which effector molecu ...
Leukemia
... Past chemotherapy or radiation for another cancer. (This is rare, and not all chemotherapies raise your leukemia risk.) ...
... Past chemotherapy or radiation for another cancer. (This is rare, and not all chemotherapies raise your leukemia risk.) ...
Pathobiology.Bone Marrow and Lymph Node Histology.2013.pptx
... • Expansion of myeloid cells in bone marrow and/or blood with blocked differentiation • Arise from normal hematopoietic stem cells • Many different genetic lesions • Chromosomal translocations, genetic instability ...
... • Expansion of myeloid cells in bone marrow and/or blood with blocked differentiation • Arise from normal hematopoietic stem cells • Many different genetic lesions • Chromosomal translocations, genetic instability ...
Biology of Humans 2/e
... Programmed to recognize one particular type of antigen Specificity results from each cell developing its own particular receptors on its surface When an antigen fits into receptors, then the body targets that particular antigen ...
... Programmed to recognize one particular type of antigen Specificity results from each cell developing its own particular receptors on its surface When an antigen fits into receptors, then the body targets that particular antigen ...
ME-300.713 Bone Marrow and Lymph Node Histology.2011s.pptx
... • Expansion of myeloid cells in bone marrow and/or blood with blocked differentiation • Arise from normal hematopoietic stem cells • Many different genetic lesions • Chromosomal translocations, genetic instability ...
... • Expansion of myeloid cells in bone marrow and/or blood with blocked differentiation • Arise from normal hematopoietic stem cells • Many different genetic lesions • Chromosomal translocations, genetic instability ...
Evelien Smits, UZ Antwepen
... Cancer immunotherapy • Using the immune system to control or to eliminate cancer • Cancer breakthrough of the year 2013 (editors of Science; Couzin-Frankel, Science 2013) • Different ways: 1. Injection of immune effector molecules (e.g. antibodies) 2. Injection of immune effector cells (e.g. activat ...
... Cancer immunotherapy • Using the immune system to control or to eliminate cancer • Cancer breakthrough of the year 2013 (editors of Science; Couzin-Frankel, Science 2013) • Different ways: 1. Injection of immune effector molecules (e.g. antibodies) 2. Injection of immune effector cells (e.g. activat ...
acute leukaemias
... coagulation (especially for the DIC of M3) Bone marrow examination cell markers and molecular studies (eg of marrow cells) ...
... coagulation (especially for the DIC of M3) Bone marrow examination cell markers and molecular studies (eg of marrow cells) ...
Adaptive Immunity
... Where all lymphocytes arise (two words) Two _____ polypeptide chains form part of an antibody molecule The type of immune response to pathogens in fluids The class of proteins to which antibodies belong The smaller polypeptide chains of an antibody T-_____ cells bind to antigen-presenting cells Cell ...
... Where all lymphocytes arise (two words) Two _____ polypeptide chains form part of an antibody molecule The type of immune response to pathogens in fluids The class of proteins to which antibodies belong The smaller polypeptide chains of an antibody T-_____ cells bind to antigen-presenting cells Cell ...
Lecture 11- Immunity 2
... Transplantation in this setting results in immediate rejection (within minutes to hours) because the circulating antibodies rapidly bind to the endothelium of the grafted organ, with subsequent complement activation and vascular thrombosis. ...
... Transplantation in this setting results in immediate rejection (within minutes to hours) because the circulating antibodies rapidly bind to the endothelium of the grafted organ, with subsequent complement activation and vascular thrombosis. ...
Chapter Fourteen Lymphatic and Immune Systems
... Cytotoxic T cells (T8 cells) attach to and attack antigens. Other T cells secrete interferons and interleukins that help cells respond to antigens. Helper T cells promote antibody synthesis by B cells and stimulate other T cells. Suppressor T cells inhibit B and T cells. ...
... Cytotoxic T cells (T8 cells) attach to and attack antigens. Other T cells secrete interferons and interleukins that help cells respond to antigens. Helper T cells promote antibody synthesis by B cells and stimulate other T cells. Suppressor T cells inhibit B and T cells. ...
SARCOIDOSIS SARCOIDOSIS GLOSSARY OF TERMS ACE
... of patients with sarcoidosis. ACE levels in the blood can be elevated in other illnesses and may be normal in patients with sarcoidosis. Adenopathy — A swelling or enlargement of lymph nodes. Alveoli ...
... of patients with sarcoidosis. ACE levels in the blood can be elevated in other illnesses and may be normal in patients with sarcoidosis. Adenopathy — A swelling or enlargement of lymph nodes. Alveoli ...
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points – A Primer
... The Old Friends Hypothesis – A Further Refinement • T regulator cells become fully effective only if stimulated by exposure to certain microbes, including pathogens of low virulence, with which human have coexisted thru evolutionary history, except until recent times of high sanitation. – Hygienic ...
... The Old Friends Hypothesis – A Further Refinement • T regulator cells become fully effective only if stimulated by exposure to certain microbes, including pathogens of low virulence, with which human have coexisted thru evolutionary history, except until recent times of high sanitation. – Hygienic ...
Pattern recognition receptors
... • Chemokines which attract other immune cells to the site of infection • Chemokine receptors which, for example, allow TLR-activated cells to migrate to lymph nodes • Anti-microbial molecules • Co-stimulatory molecules such as CD80/86 and CD40 which are involved in T-cell activation by antigen prese ...
... • Chemokines which attract other immune cells to the site of infection • Chemokine receptors which, for example, allow TLR-activated cells to migrate to lymph nodes • Anti-microbial molecules • Co-stimulatory molecules such as CD80/86 and CD40 which are involved in T-cell activation by antigen prese ...
Document
... • Chemokines which attract other immune cells to the site of infection • Chemokine receptors which, for example, allow TLR-activated cells to migrate to lymph nodes • Anti-microbial molecules • Co-stimulatory molecules such as CD80/86 and CD40 which are involved in T-cell activation by antigen prese ...
... • Chemokines which attract other immune cells to the site of infection • Chemokine receptors which, for example, allow TLR-activated cells to migrate to lymph nodes • Anti-microbial molecules • Co-stimulatory molecules such as CD80/86 and CD40 which are involved in T-cell activation by antigen prese ...
Humoral immune responses “Antibody”
... The laboratory tested a baby for IgM maternal antibodies. An investigator attempted to use fluorescent-labeled F(ab')2 fragments to locate class II major histocompatibility complex molecules on the cell surface of antigen-presenting cells without cross-linking (binding two molecules together) th ...
... The laboratory tested a baby for IgM maternal antibodies. An investigator attempted to use fluorescent-labeled F(ab')2 fragments to locate class II major histocompatibility complex molecules on the cell surface of antigen-presenting cells without cross-linking (binding two molecules together) th ...
- Free Documents
... Also known as tissuespecific, cytotoxic, or cytolytic hypersensitivity Antibodies attack normal antigens on surface of specific cells or tissues Often immediate reaction, but some occur over time mins Cell lysis may be mediated by Activated complement fragments membrane attack complex Phagocytic cel ...
... Also known as tissuespecific, cytotoxic, or cytolytic hypersensitivity Antibodies attack normal antigens on surface of specific cells or tissues Often immediate reaction, but some occur over time mins Cell lysis may be mediated by Activated complement fragments membrane attack complex Phagocytic cel ...
Mechanisms of Disease: the hygiene hypothesis revisited
... presence of microenvironmental factors, including cytokines and microbe-associated molecular patterns. These are sensed by pattern-recognition receptors, from which intracellular signaling stimulates activation and functional maturation of antigen-presenting cells along different pathways, thereby d ...
... presence of microenvironmental factors, including cytokines and microbe-associated molecular patterns. These are sensed by pattern-recognition receptors, from which intracellular signaling stimulates activation and functional maturation of antigen-presenting cells along different pathways, thereby d ...
Grant Aims to Deliver First Stem-Cell Immunotherapy in
... Mature T cells with specificity for NY-ESO-1 express a T-cell receptor (TCR). Our group has identified and cloned a novel TCR with specificity for NY-ESO-1. We introduce this molecule into stem cells, effectively reprogramming them to express the NY-ESO-1 TCR. When the reengineered stem cells are in ...
... Mature T cells with specificity for NY-ESO-1 express a T-cell receptor (TCR). Our group has identified and cloned a novel TCR with specificity for NY-ESO-1. We introduce this molecule into stem cells, effectively reprogramming them to express the NY-ESO-1 TCR. When the reengineered stem cells are in ...
"Evolution of the Human Immune System".
... IgA-binding domain of FcaR1 was subject to positive selection in hominids at the time corresponding to duplication of IgA (Abi-Rached et al., 2007). IgA-Fc also was a subject of selection at positions corresponding to SSL7 binding. Therefore FcaR1-IgA interface evolves under two types of selection. ...
... IgA-binding domain of FcaR1 was subject to positive selection in hominids at the time corresponding to duplication of IgA (Abi-Rached et al., 2007). IgA-Fc also was a subject of selection at positions corresponding to SSL7 binding. Therefore FcaR1-IgA interface evolves under two types of selection. ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.