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Pemphigoid diseases: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment
Pemphigoid diseases: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment

... diagnosis between 75 and 81 years [1,2,94,95]. Before blisters arise, BP is typically preceded by a prodromal, non-bullous stage, in which excoriated, eczematous, papular, and/or urticarial lesions are found that may persist for several weeks or even months. Light microscopy of lesional skin from pa ...
Powerpoint File
Powerpoint File

... Morbidity in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa British Journal of Dermatology 144 (4), 809–813. ...
Virulence evolution and the trade-off hypothesis: history
Virulence evolution and the trade-off hypothesis: history

... Fig. 1 The trade-off curve. The typical transmission-virulence tradeoff is actually the boundary of the set of possible combinations of transmission and inverse of the duration of the infection (the shaded area). If the population starts to evolve at the interior of this set, evolution will favour s ...
View PDF - FEMS Microbiology Reviews
View PDF - FEMS Microbiology Reviews

... Figure 2. The immunological balance. Panel (A) When a parasite is not perfectly adapted to its host, different outcomes are possible and these depend on the balance between parasite growth and immune control mechanisms. An insufficient immune response in combination with immune evasion mechanisms ma ...
Wandering womb: a real story of endometriosis
Wandering womb: a real story of endometriosis

... for her daughter, will accompany her to the doctor, who will smile at them both, babble about ...
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis: microbiology, biochemical
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis: microbiology, biochemical

... a suprageneric group of actinomycetes that also includes the genera Mycobacterium, Nocardia and Rhodococcus [46, 87, 100, 102]. These gram-positive bacteria (Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Nocardia and Rhodococcus species), termed the CMN group, constitute a very heterogeneous group; however, most ...
Microbiologic diagnostic tests when asymptomatic
Microbiologic diagnostic tests when asymptomatic

... infections. In the majority of these cases, the illness is not severe. However, correctly or incorrectly, a large proportion of these patients is treated with antibiotics. In the early 1990’s, I worked as a doctor at a paediatric clinic in the south western part of Sweden. Respiratory tract infectio ...
The Innate and Adaptive Immune Response to
The Innate and Adaptive Immune Response to

... and mortality worldwide. Although a vaccine is available, the high transmission rate of measles virus requires population of 95% to interrupt its transmission. The World Health Organization and the United Nations Children’s Fund recommend that children that develop measles receive vitamin A suppleme ...
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Scientific Programme

... The Milano Convention Centre (MIC), located right in the centre of town, has been recently completely renewed and is an even more attractive venue to meet old friends and to establish new and interesting contacts. The warm hospitality of this northern Italian city undoubtedly enhances the enjoyment ...
My Ears are Ringing: A presentation of Tinnitus
My Ears are Ringing: A presentation of Tinnitus

... 15% of the world population has tinnitus  10-20% of people seek medical help  70-90% of individuals with tinnitus show some hearing deficit when tested  The incidence and prevalence of tinnitus increases with age and severity of hearing loss ...
Deciphering the Effects of Injectable Pre
Deciphering the Effects of Injectable Pre

... fold-increase in RPV inhibitory concentration IC90 (RPV concentration required to reduce HIV replication by 90%) compared with treatment-naive viruses from the same region, and 40 (39%) had ≥10 fold-increase in RPV IC90. The protein-adjusted RPV IC90 exceeded the median plasma drug concentrations ac ...
Why vitiligo in diabetes, Egyptian Dermatology Online Journal, 1 ( 2): 8
Why vitiligo in diabetes, Egyptian Dermatology Online Journal, 1 ( 2): 8

Alice M. Nyakeriga RELATION OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS, IMMUNITY, HEMOGLOBINOPATHY AND
Alice M. Nyakeriga RELATION OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS, IMMUNITY, HEMOGLOBINOPATHY AND

... regulation of the immune responses to suppress them when unwanted or to stimulate them in the prevention of infectious diseases remains the hub of research in immunology. ...
Detection of antibodies to common antigens of pathogenic and
Detection of antibodies to common antigens of pathogenic and

... Received 25 Nov. 1988; revised version accepted 10 Feb. 1989. ...
Laboratory diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, including
Laboratory diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, including

... research programmes within both resource-poor and more wealthy nations. The World Health Organization published an earlier version of this manual, entitled Laboratory diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases, in 1999, with the objective of providing a comprehensive guide of standard procedures for ...
Nails - Dermatology
Nails - Dermatology

... ingernails and toenails are there for two reasons: adornment and function. The desire to dress up nails dates back to the dawn of time, and it also seems to start very early in life. For instance, my daughter first demonstrated a strong interest in her nails at the age of three. She would corral her ...
Etiology and Pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease - Beck-Shop
Etiology and Pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease - Beck-Shop

... destructive process. Disease might have occurred in shallow lesions due to one species and in deepening lesions by a succession of other species. Disease occurring in one site in the mouth could be due to an agent that is different from the one inducing destruction at a second site at the same time. ...


... with protective antibodies of certain immunoglobulin classes and subclasses. This thesis addressed the importance of antibodies in relation to malaria infection and their effective interactions with Fc gamma receptor IIa (FcγRIIa) polymorphisms in individuals residing where malaria is endemic. Our d ...
Influenza A virus transmission: contributing factors
Influenza A virus transmission: contributing factors

... in this model occurs primarily by airborne droplet nuclei, because comparable rates of transmission occur when infected and susceptible mice are either co-housed or separated by a barrier that allows for air exchange without direct or indirect contact between animals (Ref. 52). Transmission of mouse ...
Vertical transmission of Rickettsia felis in the cat flea
Vertical transmission of Rickettsia felis in the cat flea

... death and lowered hatch rates) that pass R. rickettsii for more than 5 generations (Burgdorfer 1975), we detected no detrimental effects, i.e. lowered egg production, on cat fleas maintaining R. felis for numerous generations (unpublished data). There are alternate routes for the acquisition of infe ...
The Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases in Illinois, 2001
The Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases in Illinois, 2001

... syndrome (AIDS) has become one of the major health problems to emerge in the past 25 years. In 1984, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was identified as the causative agent of AIDS. It is spread by the exchange of blood, semen or vaginal secretions between individuals. The most common routes of ...
Scientific Programme - Congrex Switzerland
Scientific Programme - Congrex Switzerland

... and knowledge from clinical and laboratory practice are presented, many of them in an interactive way, allowing an active exchange of experiences from various sub-specialties from all over the world. Not only do you benefit from scientific exchanges during the formal activities, but also networking ...
LTBI: latent tuberculosis infection or lasting immune responses to M. tuberculosis?
LTBI: latent tuberculosis infection or lasting immune responses to M. tuberculosis?

... summarises knowledge and limitations of the currently available tests used in adults and children for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection. In summary, the main issue regarding testing is to restrict it to those who are known to be at higher risk of developing tuberculosis and who are will ...
ID_2981_Dermatovenerology_English_sem_7
ID_2981_Dermatovenerology_English_sem_7

... Clinical features of Pemphigus Vulgaris are all, except: Tense of flaccid bulla appear on normal skin On rupturing, form painful erosions The eruption is usually symmetrical They are usually regular in shape Nikolsky’s sign is positive Pemphigus Foliaceus localized in: Epidermis Derma Subcutis Epide ...
ZOONOSES –PROTECTION OF PUBLIC AND ANIMAL HEALTH
ZOONOSES –PROTECTION OF PUBLIC AND ANIMAL HEALTH

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Globalization and disease

Globalization, the flow of information, goods, capital and people across political and geographic boundaries, has helped spread some of the deadliest infectious diseases known to humans. The spread of diseases across wide geographic scales has increased through history. Early diseases that spread from Asia to Europe were bubonic plague, influenza of various types, and similar infectious disease.In the current era of globalization, the world is more interdependent than at any other time. Efficient and inexpensive transportation has left few places inaccessible, and increased global trade in agricultural products has brought more and more people into contact with animal diseases that have subsequently jumped species barriers (see zoonosis).Globalization intensified during the Age of Exploration, but trading routes had long been established between Asia and Europe, along which diseases were also transmitted. An increase in travel has helped spread diseases to natives of lands who had not previously been exposed. When a native population is infected with a new disease, where they have not developed antibodies through generations of previous exposure, the new disease tends to run rampant within the population.Etiology, the modern branch of science that deals with the causes of infectious disease, recognizes five major modes of disease transmission: airborne, waterborne, bloodborne, by direct contact, and through vector (insects or other creatures that carry germs from one species to another). As humans began traveling over seas and across lands which were previously isolated, research suggests that diseases have been spread by all five transmission modes.
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