Module 1 Notes
... cohesion. This explains why long columns of water can be sucked up tall trees by transpiration without breaking. It also explains surface tension, which allows small animals to walk on water. Ionisation. When many salts dissolve in water they ionise into discrete positive and negative ions (e.g. N ...
... cohesion. This explains why long columns of water can be sucked up tall trees by transpiration without breaking. It also explains surface tension, which allows small animals to walk on water. Ionisation. When many salts dissolve in water they ionise into discrete positive and negative ions (e.g. N ...
deficiency
... needed for the production, survival or function of lymphocytes can cause severe combined immune deficiency (SCID), with absent or non-functional B, T and NK cells. b | The block to immune-cell production that occurs in patients with SCID leads to expansion of the progenitor-cell pool (CLPs). The num ...
... needed for the production, survival or function of lymphocytes can cause severe combined immune deficiency (SCID), with absent or non-functional B, T and NK cells. b | The block to immune-cell production that occurs in patients with SCID leads to expansion of the progenitor-cell pool (CLPs). The num ...
THE ROLE OF TLR-4 IN INTESTINAL HEALING Nectrotizing
... compromises the survival Unchecked inflammation can also lead to a host of diseases, such as hay fever, atherosclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis ...
... compromises the survival Unchecked inflammation can also lead to a host of diseases, such as hay fever, atherosclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis ...
Preventing Infection at Mucosal Surfaces
... 10-4 The gastrointestinal tract is invested with distinctive secondary lymphoid tissues To provide prompt defense against infection, secondary lymphoid tissues and immune-system cells are spread throughout the gut and other mucosal tissues. The gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) comprise two fu ...
... 10-4 The gastrointestinal tract is invested with distinctive secondary lymphoid tissues To provide prompt defense against infection, secondary lymphoid tissues and immune-system cells are spread throughout the gut and other mucosal tissues. The gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) comprise two fu ...
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for autoimmune diseases
... ‘‘immune reset’’ by designing optimal autologous nonmyeloablative immune-specific regimens. Third, allogeneic HSCT should be designed to minimize the risk of GVHD by utilizing in vivo or ex vivo lymphocyte depletion which despite achieving only low level donor mixed chimerism can, in animal models, ...
... ‘‘immune reset’’ by designing optimal autologous nonmyeloablative immune-specific regimens. Third, allogeneic HSCT should be designed to minimize the risk of GVHD by utilizing in vivo or ex vivo lymphocyte depletion which despite achieving only low level donor mixed chimerism can, in animal models, ...
Immunology of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
... characteristic structural changes, with collagen deposition under the epithelium that is sometimes described as basement-membrane thickening and is found in all patients with asthma, and thickening of the airway smooth-muscle cell layer as a result of hyperplasia and hypertrophy, which is more commo ...
... characteristic structural changes, with collagen deposition under the epithelium that is sometimes described as basement-membrane thickening and is found in all patients with asthma, and thickening of the airway smooth-muscle cell layer as a result of hyperplasia and hypertrophy, which is more commo ...
The Tangled NETs of the Immune System - Max-Planck
... main ingredient of this ball is chromatin. This mixture of DNA and proteins is normally found in the cell nucleus and contains genetic information. Most of the proteins contained in the chromatin are histones, which lend the DNA an ordered structure. During the formation of the NETs, some of the his ...
... main ingredient of this ball is chromatin. This mixture of DNA and proteins is normally found in the cell nucleus and contains genetic information. Most of the proteins contained in the chromatin are histones, which lend the DNA an ordered structure. During the formation of the NETs, some of the his ...
Inflammation: Mechanisms, Costs, and Natural Variation
... pathway that involves the phosphorylation of the inhibitory IκB protein by IKK. NF-κB is released from IκB and translocates to the nucleus where transcription is upregulated through binding to target inflammatory genes. NLRs signal the inflammasome, which activates caspase-1 to convert cytokines into ...
... pathway that involves the phosphorylation of the inhibitory IκB protein by IKK. NF-κB is released from IκB and translocates to the nucleus where transcription is upregulated through binding to target inflammatory genes. NLRs signal the inflammasome, which activates caspase-1 to convert cytokines into ...
Non-small-cell lung cancers: a heterogeneous set of diseases
... Tumours can evade immune surveillance by expressing molecules that maintain tolerance to normal peripheral tissues, including the interaction of the tumour-associated programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PDL1) with the immune receptor programmed cell death 1 (PD1; also known as PDCD1). Recently, the us ...
... Tumours can evade immune surveillance by expressing molecules that maintain tolerance to normal peripheral tissues, including the interaction of the tumour-associated programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PDL1) with the immune receptor programmed cell death 1 (PD1; also known as PDCD1). Recently, the us ...
I , Apr. 2005, p. 2012–2019 Vol. 73, No. 4 ⫹0 doi:10.1128/IAI.73.4.2012–2019.2005
... neoformans melanin, one study found that the immune response to C. neoformans strains differing in melanin production varied with respect to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-␣) levels and T-cell lymphoproliferation, suggesting that melanin contributed to virulence by interfering with the host inflam ...
... neoformans melanin, one study found that the immune response to C. neoformans strains differing in melanin production varied with respect to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-␣) levels and T-cell lymphoproliferation, suggesting that melanin contributed to virulence by interfering with the host inflam ...
Platelet-derived CD154 enables T-cell priming and
... immune response. To compensate, the immune system has been designed with important activating early signaling components such as the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, and costimulatory molecules such as CD40 ligand (CD40L, CD154), which help lower the threshold for cellular activation.4,5 CD154 is a ...
... immune response. To compensate, the immune system has been designed with important activating early signaling components such as the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, and costimulatory molecules such as CD40 ligand (CD40L, CD154), which help lower the threshold for cellular activation.4,5 CD154 is a ...
Blood-Brain Barrier and Immune Cell Transmigration Neuroscience Immunology
... The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly specialized, multi-cellular structure that functions as a selective diffusion barrier between the peripheral circulation and the central nervous system (CNS). It is composed of specialized endothelial cells (ECs) that are linked by complex tight junctions (T ...
... The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly specialized, multi-cellular structure that functions as a selective diffusion barrier between the peripheral circulation and the central nervous system (CNS). It is composed of specialized endothelial cells (ECs) that are linked by complex tight junctions (T ...
Nature Reviews Cancer volume 8
... signal transducer 1 (TACSTD1)), a cell adhesion molecule commonly expressed on normal and malignant epithelial cells14,16. Tumour cells are identified by cytokeratin staining using fluorescent antibodies ...
... signal transducer 1 (TACSTD1)), a cell adhesion molecule commonly expressed on normal and malignant epithelial cells14,16. Tumour cells are identified by cytokeratin staining using fluorescent antibodies ...
Filip Čulo
... England. His original idea was that irradiation can induce somatic mutation of immunologically competent cells, so that the normal tissue antigens appears foreign (1, 2, 3). This hypothesis he checked, with collaborators, in several experimental models It was found that irradiated animals succumb to ...
... England. His original idea was that irradiation can induce somatic mutation of immunologically competent cells, so that the normal tissue antigens appears foreign (1, 2, 3). This hypothesis he checked, with collaborators, in several experimental models It was found that irradiated animals succumb to ...
... ABSTRACT: In acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, alveolar macrophages (AMs) have an increased ability to serve as accessory cells during the generation of an immune response. In addition to soluble mediators, like cytokines, molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) cl ...
2005 Scientific Summary - Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America
... Myasthenia gravis is an auto-immune disease involving the site of communication between nerve and muscle, the neuromuscular junction. The lymphocyte class of immune cells are divided into two large groups: Thymus-derived lymphocytes (T-cells) and B-cell lymphocytes. T-cells are involved in cell-medi ...
... Myasthenia gravis is an auto-immune disease involving the site of communication between nerve and muscle, the neuromuscular junction. The lymphocyte class of immune cells are divided into two large groups: Thymus-derived lymphocytes (T-cells) and B-cell lymphocytes. T-cells are involved in cell-medi ...
Platyhelminthes
... that feed off of tiny aquatic animals or they can be scavengers that feed off of recently dead animals. Flatworms have a gastrovascular cavity with a single opening (a mouth) where food and waste can pass. A muscular tube called the pharynx near the mouth, is extended out of the mouth, then pump ...
... that feed off of tiny aquatic animals or they can be scavengers that feed off of recently dead animals. Flatworms have a gastrovascular cavity with a single opening (a mouth) where food and waste can pass. A muscular tube called the pharynx near the mouth, is extended out of the mouth, then pump ...
ducing antibodies with a slightly different configuration at the antigen-
... Antibodies look a bit like lobsters, with the two claws serving as antigenbinding clefts (Fig. 6-1). The tail of the lobster-antibody interacts with receptors on neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and, in certain cases, mast cells. The carboxyterminal end of certain ...
... Antibodies look a bit like lobsters, with the two claws serving as antigenbinding clefts (Fig. 6-1). The tail of the lobster-antibody interacts with receptors on neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and, in certain cases, mast cells. The carboxyterminal end of certain ...
The New England Journal of Medicine Volume 336 - hem
... established in prospective, population-based epidemiologic studies. In Europe and Israel in the 1980s, about 25 percent of cases of aplastic anemia were attributed to drugs.20 In Thailand, however, where the incidence of aplastic anemia is higher than in the West,59 the proportion of cases attributa ...
... established in prospective, population-based epidemiologic studies. In Europe and Israel in the 1980s, about 25 percent of cases of aplastic anemia were attributed to drugs.20 In Thailand, however, where the incidence of aplastic anemia is higher than in the West,59 the proportion of cases attributa ...