Is Organismic Fitness at the Basis of Evolutionary Theory?
... simply is the average of individual fitness values, then individual fitness is assuredly the conceptually fundamental notion for (TF1). On (TF1), trait fitnesses can be defined in terms of individual fitnesses, but the converse is impossible. Similarly, information about individual fitness can deriv ...
... simply is the average of individual fitness values, then individual fitness is assuredly the conceptually fundamental notion for (TF1). On (TF1), trait fitnesses can be defined in terms of individual fitnesses, but the converse is impossible. Similarly, information about individual fitness can deriv ...
On the assignment of fitness to parents and offspring: whose fitness
... problem of missing components of kin selection provided by the mother, which may not be detected in selection analyses. There are also certain conditions where either model can be appropriate because assignment of offspring ®tness to parents may yield the same dynamical equations as assigning offspr ...
... problem of missing components of kin selection provided by the mother, which may not be detected in selection analyses. There are also certain conditions where either model can be appropriate because assignment of offspring ®tness to parents may yield the same dynamical equations as assigning offspr ...
Probability in Biology: The Case of Fitness Roberta L. Millstein
... premise that I use the term Struggle for Existence in a large and metaphorical sense, including dependence of one being on another, and including (which is more important) not only the life of the individual, but success in leaving progeny” (1859: 62; emphasis added) and “can we doubt (remembering t ...
... premise that I use the term Struggle for Existence in a large and metaphorical sense, including dependence of one being on another, and including (which is more important) not only the life of the individual, but success in leaving progeny” (1859: 62; emphasis added) and “can we doubt (remembering t ...
Standard PDF - Wiley Online Library
... 1998; Kruuk et al. 2002; Firman and Simmons 2007; Schørring and Jäger 2007; Edvardsson et al. 2008; Grueber et al. 2010; Tan et al. 2012; Liu et al. 2014). Indeed, individuals that inbreed might potentially conceive or rear more offspring than individuals that outbreed (Fig. 1C), for example, if av ...
... 1998; Kruuk et al. 2002; Firman and Simmons 2007; Schørring and Jäger 2007; Edvardsson et al. 2008; Grueber et al. 2010; Tan et al. 2012; Liu et al. 2014). Indeed, individuals that inbreed might potentially conceive or rear more offspring than individuals that outbreed (Fig. 1C), for example, if av ...
Fitness “kinematics”: biological function, altruism, and organism
... (Michod, 1982; Sterelny, 1996; Sober and Wilson, 1998). Rosenberg and Bouchard’s arguments that fitness might be defined by a token organism “solving the design problems set by [an environment] more fully” than another organism (Rosenberg and Bouchard, 2008, and references given there) is not intend ...
... (Michod, 1982; Sterelny, 1996; Sober and Wilson, 1998). Rosenberg and Bouchard’s arguments that fitness might be defined by a token organism “solving the design problems set by [an environment] more fully” than another organism (Rosenberg and Bouchard, 2008, and references given there) is not intend ...
Fitness effects of thermal stress differ between outcrossing
... overestimation of the role of outcrossing. Thus, when investigating the role of outcrossing in adaptation to novel conditions, it is important to understand how the conditions applied influence fitness of individuals expressing particular reproductive strategies. Many of the studies investigating th ...
... overestimation of the role of outcrossing. Thus, when investigating the role of outcrossing in adaptation to novel conditions, it is important to understand how the conditions applied influence fitness of individuals expressing particular reproductive strategies. Many of the studies investigating th ...
and Empirical Studies - The University of New Mexico
... The Trade-Off Between Current and Future Reproduction According to the theory of evolution by natural selection, the evolution of life is the result of a process in which variant forms compete to harvest energy from the environment and convert that energy into replicates of those forms. Those forms ...
... The Trade-Off Between Current and Future Reproduction According to the theory of evolution by natural selection, the evolution of life is the result of a process in which variant forms compete to harvest energy from the environment and convert that energy into replicates of those forms. Those forms ...
Formalizing Darwinism and inclusive fitness theory
... 10 months ago and brought fully within the ambit of science subjects such as anatomy and physiology. A conference on optimal wing design, or comparative renal morphology, would certainly have fitted that 150-year anniversary. However, the Evolution of Society relies on selection of mental attributes ...
... 10 months ago and brought fully within the ambit of science subjects such as anatomy and physiology. A conference on optimal wing design, or comparative renal morphology, would certainly have fitted that 150-year anniversary. However, the Evolution of Society relies on selection of mental attributes ...
Perspectives - Indiana University Bloomington
... of traits to fitness rather than the connection of wealth to utility. When the relationship of trait to fitness is concaveup and risk-prone, increasing the variance of the trait increases fitness; when it is concave-down (the classic case) and risk-averse, increasing the variance of the trait decrea ...
... of traits to fitness rather than the connection of wealth to utility. When the relationship of trait to fitness is concaveup and risk-prone, increasing the variance of the trait increases fitness; when it is concave-down (the classic case) and risk-averse, increasing the variance of the trait decrea ...
LEVELS OF SELECTION ARE ARTEFACTS OF DIFFERENT
... (2011) and Okasha (2011) in which Waters, reviewing the work of Okasha (2006), proposes that the notion of levels of selection in the context of species selection is merely a conventional one. Okasha (re)asserts that it is an ontological one. Yet, as I demonstrate below, although the heuristic noti ...
... (2011) and Okasha (2011) in which Waters, reviewing the work of Okasha (2006), proposes that the notion of levels of selection in the context of species selection is merely a conventional one. Okasha (re)asserts that it is an ontological one. Yet, as I demonstrate below, although the heuristic noti ...
1 to appear in R. Singh, D. Paul, C. Krimbas, and J. Beatty (eds
... The concept of fitness began its career in biology long before evolutionary theory was mathematized. Fitness was used to describe an organism’s vigor, or the degree to which organisms “fit” into their environments. An organism’s success in avoiding predators and in building a nest obviously contribu ...
... The concept of fitness began its career in biology long before evolutionary theory was mathematized. Fitness was used to describe an organism’s vigor, or the degree to which organisms “fit” into their environments. An organism’s success in avoiding predators and in building a nest obviously contribu ...
Lewontin on definition of fitness
... the population is characterized by the initial frequencies of the alternative alleles assumed to be the same in the sperm and egg pool. The initial frequencies of the diploid genotypes are a function of the allelic frequencies in the sperm and egg pools and on the rules of mating. The zygotes then d ...
... the population is characterized by the initial frequencies of the alternative alleles assumed to be the same in the sperm and egg pool. The initial frequencies of the diploid genotypes are a function of the allelic frequencies in the sperm and egg pools and on the rules of mating. The zygotes then d ...
File
... endemic to the Galapagos Islands habitats are arid lowland forests and shrubland. generally feeds on seeds, but will also feed on insects and the fruit of cacti. ...
... endemic to the Galapagos Islands habitats are arid lowland forests and shrubland. generally feeds on seeds, but will also feed on insects and the fruit of cacti. ...
Evolution: Mutation and Selection
... Compare the fitness percentages to the insect colors. How does fitness relate to the color of the insects? _______________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 4. Predict: How do you think an insect’s fitness will a ...
... Compare the fitness percentages to the insect colors. How does fitness relate to the color of the insects? _______________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 4. Predict: How do you think an insect’s fitness will a ...
File - Hoblitzell`s Science Spot
... Compare the fitness percentages to the insect colors. How does fitness relate to the color of the insects? _______________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 4. Predict: How do you think an insect’s fitness will a ...
... Compare the fitness percentages to the insect colors. How does fitness relate to the color of the insects? _______________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 4. Predict: How do you think an insect’s fitness will a ...
Evolution and Mutation Selection Gizmo
... 3. Analyze: Scroll over the insects and note their fitness (shown under the Phenotype). The fitness of an organism reflects how well it is adapted to its environment. How does fitness relate to the color of the insects? ________________________________ _______________________________________________ ...
... 3. Analyze: Scroll over the insects and note their fitness (shown under the Phenotype). The fitness of an organism reflects how well it is adapted to its environment. How does fitness relate to the color of the insects? ________________________________ _______________________________________________ ...
File
... heritable phenotype across generations, but natural historians of the time disagreed about the cause (forces) of these changes. Darwin and Wallace's great breakthrough was to recognize that evolution could be explained by individual differences in reproductive success (number of offspring). Darwin's ...
... heritable phenotype across generations, but natural historians of the time disagreed about the cause (forces) of these changes. Darwin and Wallace's great breakthrough was to recognize that evolution could be explained by individual differences in reproductive success (number of offspring). Darwin's ...
Word - Understanding Evolution
... do you think the authors might mean by “intrinsic rate of increase”? Did they actually measure intrinsic rate of increase and number of grandchildren produced? “We found that females mated to attractive males incur a substantial survival cost. However, these costs are cancelled out and may be outwei ...
... do you think the authors might mean by “intrinsic rate of increase”? Did they actually measure intrinsic rate of increase and number of grandchildren produced? “We found that females mated to attractive males incur a substantial survival cost. However, these costs are cancelled out and may be outwei ...
Natural Selection
... • Genotypic traits are passed on to offspring because DNA is passed on from each parent to their child • Environmental Factors ARE NOT passed on from one generation to the next because they usually do not help the species to evolve • Environmental factors do not play any role in natural selection ...
... • Genotypic traits are passed on to offspring because DNA is passed on from each parent to their child • Environmental Factors ARE NOT passed on from one generation to the next because they usually do not help the species to evolve • Environmental factors do not play any role in natural selection ...
Study Guide for Week 29 CCA 1. E _v_o l_u_t i_o_n_, or change
... 4. F o_s_s i_l_s__ are the preserved remains of ancient organisms that provide evidence for how life has changed over time. 5. Any inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance of survival, like webbed feet, sharp claws, or speed, is called an _A_d a_p_t a_t_i o_n__. 6. The process wh ...
... 4. F o_s_s i_l_s__ are the preserved remains of ancient organisms that provide evidence for how life has changed over time. 5. Any inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance of survival, like webbed feet, sharp claws, or speed, is called an _A_d a_p_t a_t_i o_n__. 6. The process wh ...
Sex Ratios
... young males help more than young females in the rearing of pups. This favors an excess of males, and 60% of offspring are males. Another example is provided by allodapine bees, primi tively social bees which communally nest in burrows. Sisters nest together, and increasing nest size leads to fitnes ...
... young males help more than young females in the rearing of pups. This favors an excess of males, and 60% of offspring are males. Another example is provided by allodapine bees, primi tively social bees which communally nest in burrows. Sisters nest together, and increasing nest size leads to fitnes ...
Selective Breeding
... with the environment: the overall size of a plant, animal or person; the size of individual organs or limbs such as beaks and noses, leaf sizes, skin colors, hair and feather lengths, textures and colors. All of these and many more variations were programmed into the DNA of His creatures in order th ...
... with the environment: the overall size of a plant, animal or person; the size of individual organs or limbs such as beaks and noses, leaf sizes, skin colors, hair and feather lengths, textures and colors. All of these and many more variations were programmed into the DNA of His creatures in order th ...