optical properties of skin, subcutaneous, and muscle tissues
... refraction at cuvette edges, etc.; in the case of slabs with multiple scattering, the recording detector (usually a ¯ber light guide with an isotropically scattering ball at the tip end) must be placed far from both the light source and the medium boundaries). Indirect methods obtain the solution of ...
... refraction at cuvette edges, etc.; in the case of slabs with multiple scattering, the recording detector (usually a ¯ber light guide with an isotropically scattering ball at the tip end) must be placed far from both the light source and the medium boundaries). Indirect methods obtain the solution of ...
Size Influence on the Propagation Loss Induced by Sidewall
... potentiality of monolithic integration of optical and electronic functions on a single substrate. As silicon is transparent at wavelengths larger than 1.1 m, including the optical communication bands, the silicon film of SOI substrates can be used to fabricate low-loss submicrometer optical waveguid ...
... potentiality of monolithic integration of optical and electronic functions on a single substrate. As silicon is transparent at wavelengths larger than 1.1 m, including the optical communication bands, the silicon film of SOI substrates can be used to fabricate low-loss submicrometer optical waveguid ...
LD Didactic (LEYBOLD) Scientific Teaching Manual
... This gives rise to the ground state 4I9/2 from 5 sub-states different absorption strengths and the state 4F5/2, which can be pumped from 5 subs-tates. In principle an atom may have any number of energy lev- Since the wavelength of the pump-light source (diode laels, but they must be discrete. The tr ...
... This gives rise to the ground state 4I9/2 from 5 sub-states different absorption strengths and the state 4F5/2, which can be pumped from 5 subs-tates. In principle an atom may have any number of energy lev- Since the wavelength of the pump-light source (diode laels, but they must be discrete. The tr ...
Second Harmonic Generation Technique and its Applications
... Schematic representation of the second harmonic generation process. Solid lines show fundamental (0) and excited (1,2) levels of unperturbed system whereas dashed lines show virtual states. ...
... Schematic representation of the second harmonic generation process. Solid lines show fundamental (0) and excited (1,2) levels of unperturbed system whereas dashed lines show virtual states. ...
FABRY PEROT RESONATOR
... A laser beam A hits the beam-splitting prism as shown in Fig. 4. At this point it is split up into the two components R (reference beam) and M (measuring beam). This is an important characteristic of this type of interferometer. They are therefore called two-beam interferometers, whereas in the inte ...
... A laser beam A hits the beam-splitting prism as shown in Fig. 4. At this point it is split up into the two components R (reference beam) and M (measuring beam). This is an important characteristic of this type of interferometer. They are therefore called two-beam interferometers, whereas in the inte ...
Chapter 3 Passive resonators
... resonator can be applied to real laser cavity. Note that nonlinear processes can happen due to the presence of the active medium such as competition between modes, frequency detuning, or thermal lens. ...
... resonator can be applied to real laser cavity. Note that nonlinear processes can happen due to the presence of the active medium such as competition between modes, frequency detuning, or thermal lens. ...
Other photon-lithographies
... • Since both phase and intensity of light reflected by each pixel can be controlled, SLM can easily realize most RETs (resolution enhancement technology) such as phase-shifting, optical proximity correction (OPC), sub-resolution assist features (SRAF), and chromeless phase lithography (CPL). • When ...
... • Since both phase and intensity of light reflected by each pixel can be controlled, SLM can easily realize most RETs (resolution enhancement technology) such as phase-shifting, optical proximity correction (OPC), sub-resolution assist features (SRAF), and chromeless phase lithography (CPL). • When ...
Optical amplifier
An optical amplifier is a device that amplifies an optical signal directly, without the need to first convert it to an electrical signal. An optical amplifier may be thought of as a laser without an optical cavity, or one in which feedback from the cavity is suppressed. Optical amplifiers are important in optical communication and laser physics.There are several different physical mechanisms that can be used to amplify a light signal, which correspond to the major types of optical amplifiers. In doped fibre amplifiers and bulk lasers, stimulated emission in the amplifier's gain medium causes amplification of incoming light. In semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs), electron-hole recombination occurs. In Raman amplifiers, Raman scattering of incoming light with phonons in the lattice of the gain medium produces photons coherent with the incoming photons. Parametric amplifiers use parametric amplification.