The impacTs of social aND ecoNomic iNequality on economic
... In South Africa, public policy has had a significant redistributive content. Close to 60 percent of government spending is allocated to the social wage, and such expenditure has more than doubled in real terms in the past decade. Per capita health spending has doubled in the same period, free basic ...
... In South Africa, public policy has had a significant redistributive content. Close to 60 percent of government spending is allocated to the social wage, and such expenditure has more than doubled in real terms in the past decade. Per capita health spending has doubled in the same period, free basic ...
Foreign Direct Investment and Growth: the role of regional territorial
... FDI than in the presence of mergers and acquisitions of existing local firms, though the creation of spillovers may be the same (Krugman, 2000; Wang and Wong, 2009). Moreover, horizontal FDI may create more spillovers because of their relatively more intensive use of capital in local economies, whil ...
... FDI than in the presence of mergers and acquisitions of existing local firms, though the creation of spillovers may be the same (Krugman, 2000; Wang and Wong, 2009). Moreover, horizontal FDI may create more spillovers because of their relatively more intensive use of capital in local economies, whil ...
(18/22) Economy: Definition, Kula and Potlatch.
... A ‘market’ originates when the economy has developed to the point where food items are in surplus and also where craft and labour specialists can offer what laymen cannot produce. The term market simply refers to the place where the buying and selling of commodities takes place. Kula and Potlatch: T ...
... A ‘market’ originates when the economy has developed to the point where food items are in surplus and also where craft and labour specialists can offer what laymen cannot produce. The term market simply refers to the place where the buying and selling of commodities takes place. Kula and Potlatch: T ...
2 Conceptualising Poverty Peter Townsend
... ensure incentives to take low-paid employment, there was considerable interest not only in depressing institutional ‘incomes’ but also in depressing non-institutional incomes of mose on ‘outdoor relief. Once public assistance and later social security incomes came to be defined in law and administra ...
... ensure incentives to take low-paid employment, there was considerable interest not only in depressing institutional ‘incomes’ but also in depressing non-institutional incomes of mose on ‘outdoor relief. Once public assistance and later social security incomes came to be defined in law and administra ...
contents list of acronyms
... interbellum in Europe and the Great Depression in the United States (Kennedy 1995; Offe and Heinze 1992; Galbraith 1975; Keynes 1936). Typically also, these monies cease to exist when the mainstream economy recovers or are quashed when they begin to threaten the primacy of the national authority. In ...
... interbellum in Europe and the Great Depression in the United States (Kennedy 1995; Offe and Heinze 1992; Galbraith 1975; Keynes 1936). Typically also, these monies cease to exist when the mainstream economy recovers or are quashed when they begin to threaten the primacy of the national authority. In ...
Kritik Core - Georgia Debate Institute
... To What End?”, Monthly Review, 62(6), November, 6-6, http://monthlyreview.org/archives/2010/volume-62-issue06-november-2010) Since Luxemburg wrote, an increasing number of political economists have argued that the importance of a capitalist “outside” is not so much that of creating a new pool of cus ...
... To What End?”, Monthly Review, 62(6), November, 6-6, http://monthlyreview.org/archives/2010/volume-62-issue06-november-2010) Since Luxemburg wrote, an increasing number of political economists have argued that the importance of a capitalist “outside” is not so much that of creating a new pool of cus ...
Efficient Redistribution: New Rules for Markets
... But today both Keynesianism and planning lack credibility, and it appears that the left has run out of economic models.1 Even among egalitarians, the conviction is widespread that while some combination of social democracy, market socialism and workplace democracy would be preferable on democratic o ...
... But today both Keynesianism and planning lack credibility, and it appears that the left has run out of economic models.1 Even among egalitarians, the conviction is widespread that while some combination of social democracy, market socialism and workplace democracy would be preferable on democratic o ...
Chapter 4: Economic growth and chronic poverty
... Economic growth itself is marked by sectoral shifts in the composition of output and in the location of economic activity – a decline in the relative GDP share of agriculture and an increase in the shares of manufacturing and services (known as transformative growth). This is not to say that agricul ...
... Economic growth itself is marked by sectoral shifts in the composition of output and in the location of economic activity – a decline in the relative GDP share of agriculture and an increase in the shares of manufacturing and services (known as transformative growth). This is not to say that agricul ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... Bureau of Economic Research
... general theory of social change into which the concept of group subordination fits, and to study the relationship of group subordination to the beginning of economic growth in England, Japan, and Colombia. Similar studies in other countries are possible. Even though research economists may not wish ...
... general theory of social change into which the concept of group subordination fits, and to study the relationship of group subordination to the beginning of economic growth in England, Japan, and Colombia. Similar studies in other countries are possible. Even though research economists may not wish ...
Innovation and Social Capital in Silicon Valley
... Communication within hierarchies occurs within the context of the employment contract. Relationships among members of a hierarchy surely matter, but exchanges that occur in a hierarchy are most strongly shaped by one's position within the hierarchical structure of authority (Powell, 1990: 302). In t ...
... Communication within hierarchies occurs within the context of the employment contract. Relationships among members of a hierarchy surely matter, but exchanges that occur in a hierarchy are most strongly shaped by one's position within the hierarchical structure of authority (Powell, 1990: 302). In t ...
Questioning the Individual under Capitalism: Alienation and
... turns into a commodity to become an object within capitalist property relations. This objectification process that can be described as the crisis of subject or the social dimension of the capitalist depression leads to the consideration of the social aspect of crisis undergone in economics as well. ...
... turns into a commodity to become an object within capitalist property relations. This objectification process that can be described as the crisis of subject or the social dimension of the capitalist depression leads to the consideration of the social aspect of crisis undergone in economics as well. ...
Left to their own devices - n
... communities, and critically, for all people in such communities? And is it its efficiency, or rather the implicit justification of cutting subsidies and transfers, which make it so popular with the international financial institutions? While we focus on urban communities and habitat issues in partic ...
... communities, and critically, for all people in such communities? And is it its efficiency, or rather the implicit justification of cutting subsidies and transfers, which make it so popular with the international financial institutions? While we focus on urban communities and habitat issues in partic ...
Paradigms of Explanation and Varieties of Capitalism
... In the daily cut and thrust of the now ubiquitous intellectual and political disagreement about which form of capitalism is to be preferred, defenders and proponents of particular models of capitalist organization invariably privilege that set of performance indicators that best serves their cause. ...
... In the daily cut and thrust of the now ubiquitous intellectual and political disagreement about which form of capitalism is to be preferred, defenders and proponents of particular models of capitalist organization invariably privilege that set of performance indicators that best serves their cause. ...
Abstract - space lab
... incentive to provide a CSR report describing their activities (Bagnoli and Watts 2014). The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), now closely aligned with the United Nations Global Compact, is touted as a comprehensive framework for CSR reporting although it is voluntary and discretionary (Coombs and H ...
... incentive to provide a CSR report describing their activities (Bagnoli and Watts 2014). The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), now closely aligned with the United Nations Global Compact, is touted as a comprehensive framework for CSR reporting although it is voluntary and discretionary (Coombs and H ...
An Asian Route to Capitalism: Religious Economy and the Origins of
... required a breakout from the obstacles constituted by agrarian-coercive societies. Organizational conditions necessary for self-sustaining capitalist growth included markets not only for commodities but for all factors of production (land, labor, and capital), combined under control of entrepreneurs ...
... required a breakout from the obstacles constituted by agrarian-coercive societies. Organizational conditions necessary for self-sustaining capitalist growth included markets not only for commodities but for all factors of production (land, labor, and capital), combined under control of entrepreneurs ...
Aalborg Universitet Global Capitalism and the Crisis of Passive Revolution Li, Xing
... identified as “a political consent account of consent whereby extra-economic modes of domination serve to enforce a ‘dominant ideology’ favourable to the reproduction of capitalist relations of production” (Martin, 1997: 51). Lenin described bourgeois democratic politics as “the best possible politi ...
... identified as “a political consent account of consent whereby extra-economic modes of domination serve to enforce a ‘dominant ideology’ favourable to the reproduction of capitalist relations of production” (Martin, 1997: 51). Lenin described bourgeois democratic politics as “the best possible politi ...
Tackling the systemic causes of poverty
... charitable organisations, which tend to focus on helping the neediest, or building the ‘resilience’ of poor communities, so that they are better able to cope with their poverty. Early (upstream) prevention is essential to tackle the problem at root and stop it recurring in current or future generati ...
... charitable organisations, which tend to focus on helping the neediest, or building the ‘resilience’ of poor communities, so that they are better able to cope with their poverty. Early (upstream) prevention is essential to tackle the problem at root and stop it recurring in current or future generati ...
Behind Marx's Hidden Abode
... blind directionality, the self-expansionary process through which it constitutes itself as the subject of history, displacing the human beings who have made it and turning them into its servants. By stressing these two roles of markets, I aim to counter the widely held view that capitalism propels t ...
... blind directionality, the self-expansionary process through which it constitutes itself as the subject of history, displacing the human beings who have made it and turning them into its servants. By stressing these two roles of markets, I aim to counter the widely held view that capitalism propels t ...
History 1601: Global History
... How did you last travel to the university campus? Did you walk an hour or so to get there? Did you cycle? Or did you come by public transport or your own car? Whatever way you got to the university, stop and think for a few moments about how you were able to get there easily and safely. If you walke ...
... How did you last travel to the university campus? Did you walk an hour or so to get there? Did you cycle? Or did you come by public transport or your own car? Whatever way you got to the university, stop and think for a few moments about how you were able to get there easily and safely. If you walke ...
State Versus Free Market Capitalism: A Comparative
... Proponents of capitalism argue that it creates more prosperity than any other economic system, and that its benefits are mainly to the ordinary person. Critics of capitalism variously associate it with economic instability, an inability to provide for the well-being of all people, and an unsustainab ...
... Proponents of capitalism argue that it creates more prosperity than any other economic system, and that its benefits are mainly to the ordinary person. Critics of capitalism variously associate it with economic instability, an inability to provide for the well-being of all people, and an unsustainab ...
Ralph Wrobel Economic Models for New Industrializing Countries in
... state interventions that were seen as indispensable for the industrialization. In several countries the selection of projects, financed by bilateral or multilateral aid, and enforcement of the projects were mainly organized by central governments. In contrast, individual responsibility and initiativ ...
... state interventions that were seen as indispensable for the industrialization. In several countries the selection of projects, financed by bilateral or multilateral aid, and enforcement of the projects were mainly organized by central governments. In contrast, individual responsibility and initiativ ...
Book Review Essay: The Environmental Crisis and Its
... have been struck by how often experts I’ve consulted on this have concurred with the dire analysis Klein presents—even if these experts hesitate to express such a dark view in public. Second is the diagnosis. Klein identifies three main factors that have driven us to such an impasse, and it is not c ...
... have been struck by how often experts I’ve consulted on this have concurred with the dire analysis Klein presents—even if these experts hesitate to express such a dark view in public. Second is the diagnosis. Klein identifies three main factors that have driven us to such an impasse, and it is not c ...
Diminished Profitability and Welfare Decline (Reflections on the
... “moderate” exponents of conservative policy, “monetarism with a human face” as it were. These policies therefore suffer from a lack of strategic vision, of a hegemonic social ideology, which would be different from center-right pragmatism. The “stakeholder capitalism” perspective was formulated in ...
... “moderate” exponents of conservative policy, “monetarism with a human face” as it were. These policies therefore suffer from a lack of strategic vision, of a hegemonic social ideology, which would be different from center-right pragmatism. The “stakeholder capitalism” perspective was formulated in ...
the place of township transformation within south
... However, the spatial configuration of our country is not only the product of growth but also apartheid spatial planning. Further, there is disjuncture between where people live and where economic opportunities exist and Apartheid spatial planning ensured that the mass of people were located far from ...
... However, the spatial configuration of our country is not only the product of growth but also apartheid spatial planning. Further, there is disjuncture between where people live and where economic opportunities exist and Apartheid spatial planning ensured that the mass of people were located far from ...
Depleted community
A depleted community is a place that lacks economic growth mechanisms, but to which people maintain social valuations and place attachment. These are typically areas where the strength of capitalistic relationships has diminished within a developed economy. These locations are products of uneven development, which some consider an inherent feature of capitalism. While some areas experience economic growth, depleted communities experience economic stagnation or decline and a host of associated social problems. According to experts in the field of community economic development, depleted communities can be seen as areas that have lost much of their economic rationale as space, while retaining high attachments and social relations of place. By maintaining social significance, depleted communities retain their population but lose human capital. Depleted communities experience economic losses that lead to high concentrations of poverty, unemployment, and deteriorating infrastructure. In this way, economic losses due to uneven development create a hub of social issues that are prevalent in developed countries as well as developing countries.