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Optical Negative Refraction in Ferrofluids with Magnetocontrollability Y. Gao, J. P. Huang,
Optical Negative Refraction in Ferrofluids with Magnetocontrollability Y. Gao, J. P. Huang,

Gauthier Abstracts - Department of Electronics
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... this case the symmetry is the 2π/n rotational symmetry, where n is the rotational fold number. In this context, if no such defects are present, the structure is called “defect-free”. Even though photonic quasicrystal patterns can be defect-free, localized modes can still exist in such structures. Th ...
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... cles depends on characteristics of the laser beam. At pre− sent, the possibilities to use beams of various nature, such as Gaussian beams [1,2], bottle beams [3], zero−order Bessel beams [4], self−focused laser beams [5] and even evanescent fields [6,7] are investigated. One of the principal prerequ ...
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... have many advantages, such as high photoelectric conversion efficiency, fine radiation resistance and good performance at high temperatures, etc. [5,6]. As science and technology develops, people always expect to broaden the applications of GaAs. Doping other elements is one of the most commonly use ...
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Optical rogue waves

Optical rogue waves are rare pulses of light analogous to rogue or freak ocean waves. The term optical rogue waves was coined to describe rare pulses of broadband light arising during the process of supercontinuum generation—a noise-sensitive nonlinear process in which extremely broadband radiation is generated from a narrowband input waveform—in nonlinear optical fiber. In this context, optical rogue waves are characterized by an anomalous surplus in energy at particular wavelengths (e.g., those shifted to the red of the input waveform) and/or an unexpected peak power. These anomalous events have been shown to follow heavy-tailed statistics, also known as L-shaped statistics, fat-tailed statistics, or extreme-value statistics. These probability distributions are characterized by long tails: large outliers occur rarely, yet much more frequently than expected from Gaussian statistics and intuition. Such distributions also describe the probabilities of freak ocean waves and various phenomena in both the man-made and natural worlds. Despite their infrequency, rare events wield significant influence in many systems. Aside from the statistical similarities, light waves traveling in optical fibers are known to obey the similar mathematics as water waves traveling in the open ocean (the nonlinear Schrödinger equation), supporting the analogy between oceanic rogue waves and their optical counterparts. More generally, research has exposed a number of different analogies between extreme events in optics and hydrodynamic systems. A key practical difference is that most optical experiments can be done with a table-top apparatus, offer a high degree of experimental control, and allow data to be acquired extremely rapidly. Consequently, optical rogue waves are attractive for experimental and theoretical research and have become a highly studied phenomenon. The particulars of the analogy between extreme waves in optics and hydrodynamics may vary depending on the context, but the existence of rare events and extreme statistics in wave-related phenomena are common ground.
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