8. LASER COOLING AND TRAPPING OF NEUTRAL ATOMS 8.1
... ground-state sublevels due to polarization gradients of certain configurations of laser polarization vectors could occur on time scales much slower than y-l and produce temperatures lower than Toop[24,25]. Temperatures equal to several times the "recoil temperature," TR, were measured in molasses. T ...
... ground-state sublevels due to polarization gradients of certain configurations of laser polarization vectors could occur on time scales much slower than y-l and produce temperatures lower than Toop[24,25]. Temperatures equal to several times the "recoil temperature," TR, were measured in molasses. T ...
Results from an Extremely Sensitive Rayleigh
... or molecule up a level from the ground state as before, however, when the photon is re-emitted, it is of a different frequency than the incident photon. For this reason, the Raman scatter detection channel must be designed to accept a different wavelength of light than the incident photons that are ...
... or molecule up a level from the ground state as before, however, when the photon is re-emitted, it is of a different frequency than the incident photon. For this reason, the Raman scatter detection channel must be designed to accept a different wavelength of light than the incident photons that are ...
Properties of a 4Pi confocal fluorescence microscope
... spherical wave front and the presence of aplanatic illumination force additional elevations along the optical axis that reach peak values of 0.58. For calculation of the resolution of the type-A 4Pi confocal fluorescence microscope (4Pi illumination and normal detection), the illumination point-spre ...
... spherical wave front and the presence of aplanatic illumination force additional elevations along the optical axis that reach peak values of 0.58. For calculation of the resolution of the type-A 4Pi confocal fluorescence microscope (4Pi illumination and normal detection), the illumination point-spre ...
C f= s moO moo (8)
... ratio, and as a result the dynamic range of the measurement will be lower. To permit detection of all the moments with comparable dynamic ranges, the lower orders can be attenuated to avoid saturation of the detector while the higher orders remain unattenuated. In addition, relatively longer detecto ...
... ratio, and as a result the dynamic range of the measurement will be lower. To permit detection of all the moments with comparable dynamic ranges, the lower orders can be attenuated to avoid saturation of the detector while the higher orders remain unattenuated. In addition, relatively longer detecto ...
Stable higher-charge discrete vortices in hexagonal optical lattices
... the case of hexagonal optical lattices. We obtain the somewhat counterintuitive result that double-charge discrete vortices in such lattices appear to be far more robust and structurally stable than single-charge vortices, in agreement with similar findings for Bessel lattices 关11兴. We verify this f ...
... the case of hexagonal optical lattices. We obtain the somewhat counterintuitive result that double-charge discrete vortices in such lattices appear to be far more robust and structurally stable than single-charge vortices, in agreement with similar findings for Bessel lattices 关11兴. We verify this f ...
Optimization of axial resolution in a confocal microscope with
... increased to raise the signal strength. Therefore, our aim in this paper is to investigate the confocal system with two centrosymmetrically placed D-shaped apertures with a finite-sized detector and to identify the optimum geometry for the pupils. Monte Carlo theories for imaging in scattering media ...
... increased to raise the signal strength. Therefore, our aim in this paper is to investigate the confocal system with two centrosymmetrically placed D-shaped apertures with a finite-sized detector and to identify the optimum geometry for the pupils. Monte Carlo theories for imaging in scattering media ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
... Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a semiconductor compound of the II-VI family, with wide and direct band gap of (3.37 eV) and large exiton binding energy (60 meV) at room temperature in the ultraviolet (UV) range[1]. ZnO has a great potential for applications in short wavelength optoelectronics, laser, detectors ...
... Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a semiconductor compound of the II-VI family, with wide and direct band gap of (3.37 eV) and large exiton binding energy (60 meV) at room temperature in the ultraviolet (UV) range[1]. ZnO has a great potential for applications in short wavelength optoelectronics, laser, detectors ...
FABRY PEROT RESONATOR
... Mach Z. - Building instruments, Vol.12 (1892), P.89), now known as the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (Fig. 2). It has become very important in laser measuring techniques. e.g. this type of interferometer is used for laser vibrometers. ...
... Mach Z. - Building instruments, Vol.12 (1892), P.89), now known as the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (Fig. 2). It has become very important in laser measuring techniques. e.g. this type of interferometer is used for laser vibrometers. ...
Construction of a Calcium Matter-Wave Interferometer
... interferometer. Chapter 3 then breaks down the individual components of the interferometer and describes their design, construction, and performance characteristics. Physical assembly and alignment of the interferometer is described in chapter 4. This is followed by an in-depth account of the electr ...
... interferometer. Chapter 3 then breaks down the individual components of the interferometer and describes their design, construction, and performance characteristics. Physical assembly and alignment of the interferometer is described in chapter 4. This is followed by an in-depth account of the electr ...
Laser cooling below the Doppler limit by polarization - ENS-phys
... remain fixed. The basic difference between these two situations is that the second configuration can give rise to dipole or gradient forces but the first one cannot. Section 3 is devoted to a physical discussion of the cooling mechanisms associated with these two types of polarization gradient; they ...
... remain fixed. The basic difference between these two situations is that the second configuration can give rise to dipole or gradient forces but the first one cannot. Section 3 is devoted to a physical discussion of the cooling mechanisms associated with these two types of polarization gradient; they ...
Chromatic Dispersion in optical Communications
... Optical transmission systems have been managed to our demands to be able to transfer the required data volumes. Unfortunately, these requirements are increasing, forcing us to deal with problems, which we saw only in theory so far. Specifically, one of these is the chromatic dispersion influence. Op ...
... Optical transmission systems have been managed to our demands to be able to transfer the required data volumes. Unfortunately, these requirements are increasing, forcing us to deal with problems, which we saw only in theory so far. Specifically, one of these is the chromatic dispersion influence. Op ...
View File - University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila
... – Flexibility in terms of platform and application deployment/ configuration needs for third party tools. – A framework to allow the tools to “plug” into the ICDE environment and obtain immediate feedback on ICDE user activities, and provide information to analysts and potentially other tools in the ...
... – Flexibility in terms of platform and application deployment/ configuration needs for third party tools. – A framework to allow the tools to “plug” into the ICDE environment and obtain immediate feedback on ICDE user activities, and provide information to analysts and potentially other tools in the ...
Optical frequency combs: From frequency metrology to - JILA-PFC
... as early as 1967 by Javan et al. at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) [36]. In those experiments, far-infrared laser transitions of a CN gas laser around 900 GHz were measured with an uncertainty of a few parts in 10 by mixing the laser frequencies with higher harmonics of a microwave ...
... as early as 1967 by Javan et al. at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) [36]. In those experiments, far-infrared laser transitions of a CN gas laser around 900 GHz were measured with an uncertainty of a few parts in 10 by mixing the laser frequencies with higher harmonics of a microwave ...
SAS® System on Network Appliance: Performance Tuning a SAS® Environment with Network Appliance Filers
... o Memory Configuration ...
... o Memory Configuration ...
Fiber optic devices and systems
... Modern optical fiber consists of two coaxial glass cylinders with the inner one having a larger refractive index than the outer one. This structure was already proposed in the late 19th century but its practical application started with the development of endoscopy in medical technology in the early ...
... Modern optical fiber consists of two coaxial glass cylinders with the inner one having a larger refractive index than the outer one. This structure was already proposed in the late 19th century but its practical application started with the development of endoscopy in medical technology in the early ...
Optical image recognition of three-dimensional objects
... Among the temporal frequency-modulation techniques, the use of active optical heterodyne scanning has been studied extensively by Poon and Korpel,12 Poon,13 and Indebetouw and Poon.15 In the optical heterodyne scanning system two laser beams of different temporal frequency that carry the information ...
... Among the temporal frequency-modulation techniques, the use of active optical heterodyne scanning has been studied extensively by Poon and Korpel,12 Poon,13 and Indebetouw and Poon.15 In the optical heterodyne scanning system two laser beams of different temporal frequency that carry the information ...
The Temperature Dependence Of The Gain In
... The next major development was the introduction of quantum well (QW) lasers [4]. These followed from improvements in the epitaxial techniques used in the growth of lasers that allowed the control of the laser structure to dimensions comparable to those of the De Broglie wavelength for an electron. F ...
... The next major development was the introduction of quantum well (QW) lasers [4]. These followed from improvements in the epitaxial techniques used in the growth of lasers that allowed the control of the laser structure to dimensions comparable to those of the De Broglie wavelength for an electron. F ...
B. Gaussian Beam Transformation by a Lens.
... An ideal lens does not change the transverse profile of an optical field, so the Gaussian beam will remain a Gaussian at every point in the system. But, the wavefront curvature will be changed, as the beam passes through the lens, resulting in new values of waist position and waist diameter. Since t ...
... An ideal lens does not change the transverse profile of an optical field, so the Gaussian beam will remain a Gaussian at every point in the system. But, the wavefront curvature will be changed, as the beam passes through the lens, resulting in new values of waist position and waist diameter. Since t ...
Wavelength Conversion Technologies for Photonic Network
... the inversion of λ1. The gain saturation is also used in this manner in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs). In the cross phase modulation (XPM) scheme,8) the input signal changes the refractive index of one arm of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer to modulate the other wavelength, λ2. The NOLM (non ...
... the inversion of λ1. The gain saturation is also used in this manner in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs). In the cross phase modulation (XPM) scheme,8) the input signal changes the refractive index of one arm of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer to modulate the other wavelength, λ2. The NOLM (non ...
At-wavelength figure metrology of hard x
... hard x-ray microscopy, microdiffraction, and spectromicroscopy using a hard x-ray microprobe have the ability to analyze materials nondestructively with precise spatial information. In these techniques, not only the focusing size of the hard x rays, but also the focusing intensity distribution prope ...
... hard x-ray microscopy, microdiffraction, and spectromicroscopy using a hard x-ray microprobe have the ability to analyze materials nondestructively with precise spatial information. In these techniques, not only the focusing size of the hard x rays, but also the focusing intensity distribution prope ...
Chapter 2 – Review of length measuring interferometers
... into two. After travelling along the reference and measurement paths the beams interfere with each other and are split again. One beam is given an extra phase difference of π/4 to produce two orthogonal outputs for example by using a quarterwave plate, as in figure 2.1, or by using a specially coate ...
... into two. After travelling along the reference and measurement paths the beams interfere with each other and are split again. One beam is given an extra phase difference of π/4 to produce two orthogonal outputs for example by using a quarterwave plate, as in figure 2.1, or by using a specially coate ...
3D optical data storage
3D optical data storage is the term given to any form of optical data storage in which information can be recorded and/or read with three-dimensional resolution (as opposed to the two-dimensional resolution afforded, for example, by CD).This innovation has the potential to provide petabyte-level mass storage on DVD-sized discs (120mm). Data recording and readback are achieved by focusing lasers within the medium. However, because of the volumetric nature of the data structure, the laser light must travel through other data points before it reaches the point where reading or recording is desired. Therefore, some kind of nonlinearity is required to ensure that these other data points do not interfere with the addressing of the desired point.No commercial product based on 3D optical data storage has yet arrived on the mass market, although several companies are actively developing the technology and claim that it may become available ""soon"".