The Letters of Cicero
... ■ Cicero was born into a wealthy family in the Roman town of Arpinium. ■ In the year 89 BCE, he began military service under Pompeius Strabo who was the father of statesman and general Pompey. ■ In 81, Cicero began his career as a lawyer, defending Publis Quinctius. ■ In 80 and 81, Cicero defended S ...
... ■ Cicero was born into a wealthy family in the Roman town of Arpinium. ■ In the year 89 BCE, he began military service under Pompeius Strabo who was the father of statesman and general Pompey. ■ In 81, Cicero began his career as a lawyer, defending Publis Quinctius. ■ In 80 and 81, Cicero defended S ...
Slide 1
... The Senate elected, then re-elected Caesar consul, breaking the Roman tradition that a consul serve only one year. While in power, Caesar settled 80,000 of his soldiers in colonies, built buildings and monuments throughout the city, and reformed the calendar. When Caesar came to power, the calendar ...
... The Senate elected, then re-elected Caesar consul, breaking the Roman tradition that a consul serve only one year. While in power, Caesar settled 80,000 of his soldiers in colonies, built buildings and monuments throughout the city, and reformed the calendar. When Caesar came to power, the calendar ...
Hore 1 Nicholas Hore Sarah Blake AP/HUMA 3107 6.0
... is branded by savage armies,/to keep us ignorant that swords are for setting free!” (Lucan IV. 606-9). These celebrations of suicide seem to contrast the poet’s corporeal motif as it appears elsewhere—given his theme of Rome’s abhorrent self-destruction, one would assume that Lucan would avoid celeb ...
... is branded by savage armies,/to keep us ignorant that swords are for setting free!” (Lucan IV. 606-9). These celebrations of suicide seem to contrast the poet’s corporeal motif as it appears elsewhere—given his theme of Rome’s abhorrent self-destruction, one would assume that Lucan would avoid celeb ...
Studies of power: The Augustine Principate
... dictator. In his Res Gestae, he stated that, ‘of power I possessed no more than those who were my colleagues.’ However, examination of Augustus’ political life disproves his claims. Despite the façade of Republican government which existed during the Augustan Principate, supreme power was in fact he ...
... dictator. In his Res Gestae, he stated that, ‘of power I possessed no more than those who were my colleagues.’ However, examination of Augustus’ political life disproves his claims. Despite the façade of Republican government which existed during the Augustan Principate, supreme power was in fact he ...
Julius Caesar Article Review
... and represented a faction within the Roman Republic that were”…for the people”, or the common Roman citizen not the wealthy and powerful Optimates/Patricians. This position by Caesar would have made him despised by other wealthy and powerful Roman citizens. In 83 BCE Lucius Cornelius Sulla returned ...
... and represented a faction within the Roman Republic that were”…for the people”, or the common Roman citizen not the wealthy and powerful Optimates/Patricians. This position by Caesar would have made him despised by other wealthy and powerful Roman citizens. In 83 BCE Lucius Cornelius Sulla returned ...
Chapter 6
... • (5) Eventually the band reached the shores of Italy, where Aeneas consulted the Sibyl, a priestess of Apollo, who acts as his guide on a visit to the underworld. His visit to the underworld in Book 6 is the turning point of the epic and here Aeneas finally realizes his true destiny. In the underw ...
... • (5) Eventually the band reached the shores of Italy, where Aeneas consulted the Sibyl, a priestess of Apollo, who acts as his guide on a visit to the underworld. His visit to the underworld in Book 6 is the turning point of the epic and here Aeneas finally realizes his true destiny. In the underw ...
Loraine Balallo - 2011
... the age of seventeen, while Hannibal was defeating Italy, Cato made his first campaign and got his chest all covered in scars. In 207 B.C., Cato distinguished himself at the battle of Metaurus and later in his life, he still bores the scars of the wounds he had during the battle. In 191 B.C., Cato r ...
... the age of seventeen, while Hannibal was defeating Italy, Cato made his first campaign and got his chest all covered in scars. In 207 B.C., Cato distinguished himself at the battle of Metaurus and later in his life, he still bores the scars of the wounds he had during the battle. In 191 B.C., Cato r ...
Niccolò Machiavelli on Power
... must start with assuming that all men are bad and ever ready to display their vicious nature, whenever they may find occasion for it. If their evil disposition remains concealed for a time, it must be attributed to some unknown reason; and we must assume that it lacked occasion to show itself; but t ...
... must start with assuming that all men are bad and ever ready to display their vicious nature, whenever they may find occasion for it. If their evil disposition remains concealed for a time, it must be attributed to some unknown reason; and we must assume that it lacked occasion to show itself; but t ...
Julius Caesar - Stamford High School
... would be liable to prosecution in the courts for any illegal acts he had committed as a magistrate, but as long as he held public office he could not be sued. He wanted to be elected to a second consulship while he was still proconsul of Gaul. However the holding of both offices was illegal. Pompey ...
... would be liable to prosecution in the courts for any illegal acts he had committed as a magistrate, but as long as he held public office he could not be sued. He wanted to be elected to a second consulship while he was still proconsul of Gaul. However the holding of both offices was illegal. Pompey ...
A-level Classical Civilisation Mark scheme Unit 02F - The
... Consul; they had acted quickly to send Cornelius Scipio to France with 60 warships but then had only a watching brief; Trebia: quick to recall Sempronius and get him to Trebia in time; unable to influence battle beyond that; failing of the 2 Consul rule rather than the Senate itself?; Trasimene: bec ...
... Consul; they had acted quickly to send Cornelius Scipio to France with 60 warships but then had only a watching brief; Trebia: quick to recall Sempronius and get him to Trebia in time; unable to influence battle beyond that; failing of the 2 Consul rule rather than the Senate itself?; Trasimene: bec ...
Analyse in detail Augustus` relationship with Cleopatra, Octavia and
... to that of Caesar and Pompey, united by their mutual love of Julia, Caesar’s daughter and Pompey’s wife. This love prevented the two men from fighting. Octavian hoped that the same thing would apply for himself and Antony; so long as Octavia lived and held their regard, theoretically there would be ...
... to that of Caesar and Pompey, united by their mutual love of Julia, Caesar’s daughter and Pompey’s wife. This love prevented the two men from fighting. Octavian hoped that the same thing would apply for himself and Antony; so long as Octavia lived and held their regard, theoretically there would be ...
Augustus and the Equites: Developing Rome`s Middle Class
... plebeians. These were the laborers of Rome, those who did not have a true political voice. On the other end of the hierarchical scale were the elites, known as the senatorial class. This group was the main political body in Rome, which had a vote in the most important decisions. Although there were ...
... plebeians. These were the laborers of Rome, those who did not have a true political voice. On the other end of the hierarchical scale were the elites, known as the senatorial class. This group was the main political body in Rome, which had a vote in the most important decisions. Although there were ...
Virtus in the Roman World - The Cupola: Scholarship at Gettysburg
... York: Routledge, 2005), 45. ...
... York: Routledge, 2005), 45. ...
File - ROME:fall of the Republic
... he receives from the censors words either of praise or blame. On this occasion the censors Gellius and Lentulus were sitting in state, and the gentleman with their horses were passing in review in front of them when Pompey was seen coming down the hill into the forum. He had all the insignia of a c ...
... he receives from the censors words either of praise or blame. On this occasion the censors Gellius and Lentulus were sitting in state, and the gentleman with their horses were passing in review in front of them when Pompey was seen coming down the hill into the forum. He had all the insignia of a c ...
Roman Senate Background Guide
... due to their human treatment of him when Caesar was being ransomed. Caesar went on to cultivate his love for politics, and studied philosophy in Rhodes. Caesar was allied with two of the most powerful men in Rome. Pompey was a Roman military hero, and the former boss of Caesar. His other ally, Ma ...
... due to their human treatment of him when Caesar was being ransomed. Caesar went on to cultivate his love for politics, and studied philosophy in Rhodes. Caesar was allied with two of the most powerful men in Rome. Pompey was a Roman military hero, and the former boss of Caesar. His other ally, Ma ...
L. Verginius Rufus, 14
... Vespasian praised Verginius. Having three times been raised to the dignity of consul, it seemed as if Providence had purposely preserved him to these times so that he might read poems composed in his honor, histories of his achievements, and was himself witness to his fame for posterity. Most certai ...
... Vespasian praised Verginius. Having three times been raised to the dignity of consul, it seemed as if Providence had purposely preserved him to these times so that he might read poems composed in his honor, histories of his achievements, and was himself witness to his fame for posterity. Most certai ...
The Fall of the Republic
... Octavian also had Caesarion killed later that year, to prevent him from ever making a claim to be Caesar’s real son and heir Over the next couple of years, Octavian replaced the governors of the frontier provinces (where most troops were stationed) with men loyal to him. He also purged the senate of ...
... Octavian also had Caesarion killed later that year, to prevent him from ever making a claim to be Caesar’s real son and heir Over the next couple of years, Octavian replaced the governors of the frontier provinces (where most troops were stationed) with men loyal to him. He also purged the senate of ...
UNIT 2
... struggled for power. One group was the patricians, the wealthy landowners who held most of the power. The other important group was the plebeians, the common farmers, artisans, and merchants who made up the majority of the population. The patricians inherited their power and social status. They clai ...
... struggled for power. One group was the patricians, the wealthy landowners who held most of the power. The other important group was the plebeians, the common farmers, artisans, and merchants who made up the majority of the population. The patricians inherited their power and social status. They clai ...
document
... Background Caesar crossed with only 20,000 men and left Mark Antony in Brundisium to try to bring across the rest of the soldiers The rest of his forces finally landed and were greatly outnumbered by Pompey’s men. In the final battle, Pompey had 46,000 men and Caesar had 21,000 men. By brilli ...
... Background Caesar crossed with only 20,000 men and left Mark Antony in Brundisium to try to bring across the rest of the soldiers The rest of his forces finally landed and were greatly outnumbered by Pompey’s men. In the final battle, Pompey had 46,000 men and Caesar had 21,000 men. By brilli ...
Political Theory
... dictator appealed to the exception to uphold the norm, the tyrant attempted to normalize the exception. Finally, Roman dictatorship was not itself a form of government, but rather an institutional component of a broader republican regime. Tyranny by contrast was generally treated as a regime-type of ...
... dictator appealed to the exception to uphold the norm, the tyrant attempted to normalize the exception. Finally, Roman dictatorship was not itself a form of government, but rather an institutional component of a broader republican regime. Tyranny by contrast was generally treated as a regime-type of ...
The Second Punic War June 2013
... fighting off continuing criticism from some elements within Senate; gradual wearing down of Hannibal could only be endured with man ‘not easily persuaded’ he was wrong at the helm (given losses suffered by and appeals from allies etc.; also thirst for retribution in Rome) • Tarentum: another side to ...
... fighting off continuing criticism from some elements within Senate; gradual wearing down of Hannibal could only be endured with man ‘not easily persuaded’ he was wrong at the helm (given losses suffered by and appeals from allies etc.; also thirst for retribution in Rome) • Tarentum: another side to ...
An Introduction
... reminder that the Roman civilization was twelve hundred years developing, flourishing, and ultimately disintegrating. This is a considerable time in the history of thinking man: almost as long as from the Dark Ages in Britain and the establishment of Islam in Arabia to the present day, and over thre ...
... reminder that the Roman civilization was twelve hundred years developing, flourishing, and ultimately disintegrating. This is a considerable time in the history of thinking man: almost as long as from the Dark Ages in Britain and the establishment of Islam in Arabia to the present day, and over thre ...
Coriolanus - The Shakespeare Theatre of New Jersey
... Corioli, the Romans are driven back; but Martius charges alone through the city gates. His bravery rouses the soldiers, who follow after him, turning the tide of the battle. In the fray, Martius and Aufidius meet; the two men clash fervently and Aufidius retreats, wounded. After the Roman victory, C ...
... Corioli, the Romans are driven back; but Martius charges alone through the city gates. His bravery rouses the soldiers, who follow after him, turning the tide of the battle. In the fray, Martius and Aufidius meet; the two men clash fervently and Aufidius retreats, wounded. After the Roman victory, C ...
Cursus honorum
The cursus honorum (Latin: ""course of offices"") was the sequential order of public offices held by aspiring politicians in both the Roman Republic and the early Empire. It was designed for men of senatorial rank. The cursus honorum comprised a mixture of military and political administration posts. Each office had a minimum age for election. There were minimum intervals between holding successive offices and laws forbade repeating an office.These rules were altered and flagrantly ignored in the course of the last century of the Republic. For example, Gaius Marius held consulships for five years in a row between 104 BC and 100 BC. Officially presented as opportunities for public service, the offices often became mere opportunities for self-aggrandizement. The reforms of Lucius Cornelius Sulla required a ten-year period between holding another term in the same office.To have held each office at the youngest possible age (suo anno, ""in his year"") was considered a great political success, since to miss out on a praetorship at 39 meant that one could not become consul at 42. Cicero expressed extreme pride not only in being a novus homo (""new man""; comparable to a ""self-made man"") who became consul even though none of his ancestors had ever served as a consul, but also in having become consul ""in his year"".