Supplementary Materials ANTICIPATION PHASE Neutral vs. gain
... To investigate areas of decreased activity during reward anticipation, we also examined the reverse contrast (neutral cues contrasted with gain cues). This yielded predictable activations in areas related to the default mode network (DMN) [40], including bilateral middle frontal gyrus, superior fron ...
... To investigate areas of decreased activity during reward anticipation, we also examined the reverse contrast (neutral cues contrasted with gain cues). This yielded predictable activations in areas related to the default mode network (DMN) [40], including bilateral middle frontal gyrus, superior fron ...
Developmental - Schizophrenia Research Forum
... the frontal cortex and hippocampus; prolonged corticosterone stress response and decreased expression of central corticosteroid receptors (sensitive to cross-fostering); increased basal dopamine and decreased noradrenaline output in the nucleus accumbens; decreased basal noradrenaline output in the ...
... the frontal cortex and hippocampus; prolonged corticosterone stress response and decreased expression of central corticosteroid receptors (sensitive to cross-fostering); increased basal dopamine and decreased noradrenaline output in the nucleus accumbens; decreased basal noradrenaline output in the ...
How does stress increase risk of drug abuse and relapse?
... system circuits, in the thalamus, insula and sensory association areas. In addition, the limbic-affective processing circuits including amygdala interactions with sub-cortical and prefrontal cortical areas, particularly the orbitofrontal and medial pre-frontal cortices, contribute to determine the m ...
... system circuits, in the thalamus, insula and sensory association areas. In addition, the limbic-affective processing circuits including amygdala interactions with sub-cortical and prefrontal cortical areas, particularly the orbitofrontal and medial pre-frontal cortices, contribute to determine the m ...
Effects of yoga on the autonomic nervous system
... milieu within the ranges necessary for survival [2]. In this discussion, optimal homeostasis is considered to be the state in which meeting the immediate needs of the organism incurs the least possible long-term costs. McEwen (2007) proposes that allostasis is the adaptive process of maintaining sta ...
... milieu within the ranges necessary for survival [2]. In this discussion, optimal homeostasis is considered to be the state in which meeting the immediate needs of the organism incurs the least possible long-term costs. McEwen (2007) proposes that allostasis is the adaptive process of maintaining sta ...
Anthropogenic Noise as a Stressor in Animals: A
... stressor (see Deak, this issue; Romero & Butler, this issue). Indirect measures of SNS activation (e.g., increased heart rate, blood pressure, or hyperthermia) or direct measures of SNS output from the adrenal medulla (plasma concentrations of catecholamines – epinephrine and norepinephrine) and HPA ...
... stressor (see Deak, this issue; Romero & Butler, this issue). Indirect measures of SNS activation (e.g., increased heart rate, blood pressure, or hyperthermia) or direct measures of SNS output from the adrenal medulla (plasma concentrations of catecholamines – epinephrine and norepinephrine) and HPA ...
Postnatal microbial colonization programs HPA system for stress
... pathogenicity (Finlay & Falkow, 1990). Thus, there is no doubt that most of our bacterial symbionts have several beneficial effects on host physiological functions; however, little is known about whether or not such microbes can affect the development of brain plasticity and a subsequent physiologic ...
... pathogenicity (Finlay & Falkow, 1990). Thus, there is no doubt that most of our bacterial symbionts have several beneficial effects on host physiological functions; however, little is known about whether or not such microbes can affect the development of brain plasticity and a subsequent physiologic ...
Resilient outcome - Anna Freud Centre
... experiences to effectively negotiate future stressors. This may be particular pertinent during adolescence as a young person needs to navigate novel and challenging new contexts with reduced care-giver support 2. Second, decreased specificity and salience of positive relative to negative memories ma ...
... experiences to effectively negotiate future stressors. This may be particular pertinent during adolescence as a young person needs to navigate novel and challenging new contexts with reduced care-giver support 2. Second, decreased specificity and salience of positive relative to negative memories ma ...
Stressed Memories - Journal of Neuroscience
... ing criteria were excluded from participation: effectiveness of stress induction. Memory was tested 24 h later in a cued recall test. S, Saliva sample; P, PANAS questionnaire history of head injury, treatment with psycho- (Watson et al., 1988). tropic medications, narcotics, -blockers, steall detai ...
... ing criteria were excluded from participation: effectiveness of stress induction. Memory was tested 24 h later in a cued recall test. S, Saliva sample; P, PANAS questionnaire history of head injury, treatment with psycho- (Watson et al., 1988). tropic medications, narcotics, -blockers, steall detai ...
Neuromodulation of Aerobic Exercise—A Review
... The BDNF increase may differ across exercise regimen as well as gender. A recent review (Huang et al., 2014) concludes that a single session of aerobic exercise (running or cycling, ranging from 20 to 90 min of 40–75% of maximal power output or 40–60% of VO2max or 75% of maximal heart rate) increase ...
... The BDNF increase may differ across exercise regimen as well as gender. A recent review (Huang et al., 2014) concludes that a single session of aerobic exercise (running or cycling, ranging from 20 to 90 min of 40–75% of maximal power output or 40–60% of VO2max or 75% of maximal heart rate) increase ...
POSITIVE EFFECT OF MINDFULNESS MEDITATION ON STRESS
... automatic nervous system of the body. The systematic nervous system (aka – “fight or flight system) is responsible for our reaction to stress and fear. The parasympathetic nervous system (aka – “rest and digest”) is active during times of rest. ...
... automatic nervous system of the body. The systematic nervous system (aka – “fight or flight system) is responsible for our reaction to stress and fear. The parasympathetic nervous system (aka – “rest and digest”) is active during times of rest. ...
Initiation of the arousal response
... memory, or performance, requires a lower level of arousal, with only moderate activation of GR. At the neural level, this relationship is seen in the hippocampal processes which mediate long term memory storage, which are maximally enhanced at intermediate corticosteroid levels, and break down at ei ...
... memory, or performance, requires a lower level of arousal, with only moderate activation of GR. At the neural level, this relationship is seen in the hippocampal processes which mediate long term memory storage, which are maximally enhanced at intermediate corticosteroid levels, and break down at ei ...
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... motor activity and anxiety. Spontaneous motor activity is a measure of the whole motor activities of an animal [30]. Anxiety is an adaptive reaction induced when an animal is confronted with potential demands and dangers [15,28]. Indeed, anxiety has a key biological-adaptive role, which is highly co ...
... motor activity and anxiety. Spontaneous motor activity is a measure of the whole motor activities of an animal [30]. Anxiety is an adaptive reaction induced when an animal is confronted with potential demands and dangers [15,28]. Indeed, anxiety has a key biological-adaptive role, which is highly co ...
Le trouble déficitaire de l`attention - University of Ottawa
... respond to a variety of stressful situations is closely tied to the relatively stable personality traits that mediate reponses. ...
... respond to a variety of stressful situations is closely tied to the relatively stable personality traits that mediate reponses. ...
Stress and decision making - Ruhr
... Previous studies have shown a relationship between performance of decision making under risk, reasoning abilities, and executive functions [40,41]. To assure that decision-making performance would not be affected by a group difference in reasoning abilities/executive functioning, we assessed logical ...
... Previous studies have shown a relationship between performance of decision making under risk, reasoning abilities, and executive functions [40,41]. To assure that decision-making performance would not be affected by a group difference in reasoning abilities/executive functioning, we assessed logical ...
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: in search of new treatments
... 40mg of hydrocortisone in two daily doses; high-dose group took 160mg of hydrocortisone in two daily doses. Participants completed cognitive tests before treatment, after one day of treatment, after four days of treatment, and after a six-day ‘washout’ of treatment. The participants were tested on c ...
... 40mg of hydrocortisone in two daily doses; high-dose group took 160mg of hydrocortisone in two daily doses. Participants completed cognitive tests before treatment, after one day of treatment, after four days of treatment, and after a six-day ‘washout’ of treatment. The participants were tested on c ...
Ethological Aspects of Stress in a Model Lizard, Anolis carolinensis1
... provide indices of the flux of circulating stress-relevant hormones, and are seen in situations from spontaneous exploration through agonistic behavior. Furthermore, captive adult males spontaneously and consistently manifest social dominance relationships that provide many of the elements of a stre ...
... provide indices of the flux of circulating stress-relevant hormones, and are seen in situations from spontaneous exploration through agonistic behavior. Furthermore, captive adult males spontaneously and consistently manifest social dominance relationships that provide many of the elements of a stre ...
Cytokines, prostaglandins and nitric oxide in the regulation of stress
... resistance [21]. Disruption of the GC-mediated negative feedback system is observed in approximately one half of human depressives [23]. Chronic stress can precipitate or exacerbate neuropsychiatric disorders. Altered glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) in stress-sensitive structures of the brain are inv ...
... resistance [21]. Disruption of the GC-mediated negative feedback system is observed in approximately one half of human depressives [23]. Chronic stress can precipitate or exacerbate neuropsychiatric disorders. Altered glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) in stress-sensitive structures of the brain are inv ...
Porges and Carter (2010). Neurobiology and
... selective ability to hear conspecific (same species) vocal communication.] Concurrently and in support of these anatomical changes, the new mammalian myelinated vagus emerged. The myelinated vagus could inhibit the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, effecti ...
... selective ability to hear conspecific (same species) vocal communication.] Concurrently and in support of these anatomical changes, the new mammalian myelinated vagus emerged. The myelinated vagus could inhibit the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, effecti ...
Advancing Understanding of Autism Spectrum Disorder`s Possible
... caring behavior toward other pups and spent more time huddling with others and less time alone, compared with prairie voles of saline-treated mothers. These results suggest oxytocin promotes social interactions and maternal bonding even when given to the mothers, rather than directly to the pups. “B ...
... caring behavior toward other pups and spent more time huddling with others and less time alone, compared with prairie voles of saline-treated mothers. These results suggest oxytocin promotes social interactions and maternal bonding even when given to the mothers, rather than directly to the pups. “B ...
A Stress-Induced Shift From Trace to Delay Conditioning Depends
... To assess delay and trace conditioning in one task, we intermixed a CS1 that coterminated with the US (CS1delay) (Figure 2), another CS1 that was followed by the US after an interval of 3 seconds (CS1trace), and a third stimulus that was never reinforced (conditioned stimulus not paired with the US, ...
... To assess delay and trace conditioning in one task, we intermixed a CS1 that coterminated with the US (CS1delay) (Figure 2), another CS1 that was followed by the US after an interval of 3 seconds (CS1trace), and a third stimulus that was never reinforced (conditioned stimulus not paired with the US, ...
Linear association between social anxiety
... Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France Social anxiety disorder (SAD), which is characterized by the fear of being rejected and negatively evaluated, involves altered brain activation during the processing of negative emotions in a social context. Although associated temperament traits ...
... Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France Social anxiety disorder (SAD), which is characterized by the fear of being rejected and negatively evaluated, involves altered brain activation during the processing of negative emotions in a social context. Although associated temperament traits ...
- EMES International Research Network
... gives us the background to be aware of what kind of values outcomes have, and to envisage ...
... gives us the background to be aware of what kind of values outcomes have, and to envisage ...
Does stress alter everyday moral decision
... that are significantly smaller than responses elicited by the TSST, most likely reflective of the physical demands of the control condition (standing and talking) (Het et al., 2009). 2.2.3. Measurements of stress response To measure the change of stress levels in the stress group and the control gro ...
... that are significantly smaller than responses elicited by the TSST, most likely reflective of the physical demands of the control condition (standing and talking) (Het et al., 2009). 2.2.3. Measurements of stress response To measure the change of stress levels in the stress group and the control gro ...
Neuroscience and Counseling: Central Issue for Social Justice
... Focusing on Wellness and the Positives. Counselors focus on negative issues and problems builds a self-reinforcing circularity between the ―demons‖ of the amygdala and the frontal cortex. Result—negative thinking, accompanied by negative feeling, characteristic of depression. Pessimism feeds on itse ...
... Focusing on Wellness and the Positives. Counselors focus on negative issues and problems builds a self-reinforcing circularity between the ―demons‖ of the amygdala and the frontal cortex. Result—negative thinking, accompanied by negative feeling, characteristic of depression. Pessimism feeds on itse ...