General account of selection
... surface, setting out an account of “selection” that is general enough to incorporate all three of these processes without becoming so general as to be vacuous is far from easy. In this target article, we set out such a general account of selection to see how well it accommodates these very different ...
... surface, setting out an account of “selection” that is general enough to incorporate all three of these processes without becoming so general as to be vacuous is far from easy. In this target article, we set out such a general account of selection to see how well it accommodates these very different ...
B. R Skinner`s Contributions to Applied Behavior Analysis
... Verbal Behavior (1957c). In the first of his related publications-"Has Gertrude Stein a Secret?" (Skinner, 1934)-he pointed out that Stein's prose style was the result of "automatic writing." This is writing in which reading and writing occur simultaneously yet independently of one another, with the ...
... Verbal Behavior (1957c). In the first of his related publications-"Has Gertrude Stein a Secret?" (Skinner, 1934)-he pointed out that Stein's prose style was the result of "automatic writing." This is writing in which reading and writing occur simultaneously yet independently of one another, with the ...
Adjunctive Behavior
... proactively. It does not initiate a behavior, nor can it do a behavior, nor does it even choose a behavior. At best, the organism only mediates behavioral effects that are determined both by the structure of the behaving body and by the environment. The environment of an organism consists of the univ ...
... proactively. It does not initiate a behavior, nor can it do a behavior, nor does it even choose a behavior. At best, the organism only mediates behavioral effects that are determined both by the structure of the behaving body and by the environment. The environment of an organism consists of the univ ...
FILLING THE GAPS: SKINNER ON THE ROLE OF
... cannot serve in the explanation of behavior: To be useful, explanations in terms of the second link should deal with events that are observable and susceptible of manipulation. Otherwise, we face the risks of explanations based on hypothetical constructs (Moore, 2008; Skinner, 1974, 1950, 1953/1965, ...
... cannot serve in the explanation of behavior: To be useful, explanations in terms of the second link should deal with events that are observable and susceptible of manipulation. Otherwise, we face the risks of explanations based on hypothetical constructs (Moore, 2008; Skinner, 1974, 1950, 1953/1965, ...
Pelaez, M. - Florida International University
... National University of Ireland, Maynooth (July). Developed and conducted an experiment with Dr. Dermot Barnes-Holmes and Dr. Denis O’Hora on “Instructional control and transformation of function across cultures as a function of subjects’ verbal and spatial abilities.” Experimental data from 102 subj ...
... National University of Ireland, Maynooth (July). Developed and conducted an experiment with Dr. Dermot Barnes-Holmes and Dr. Denis O’Hora on “Instructional control and transformation of function across cultures as a function of subjects’ verbal and spatial abilities.” Experimental data from 102 subj ...
Ivan Pavlov - BDoughertyAmSchool
... response of shutting down when exposed to overwhelming stress or pain by electric shock. This research showed how all temperament types responded to the stimuli the same way, but different temperaments move through the responses at different times. He commented "that the most basic inherited differe ...
... response of shutting down when exposed to overwhelming stress or pain by electric shock. This research showed how all temperament types responded to the stimuli the same way, but different temperaments move through the responses at different times. He commented "that the most basic inherited differe ...
ptec 155 – developmental disabilities module
... check your program. The most common causes of poor results are not having the correct reinforcer to teach a new behavior or not removing the consequence, which is reinforcing the problem behavior. Also, check to see if your directions are clear, is the environment structured correctly, and are your ...
... check your program. The most common causes of poor results are not having the correct reinforcer to teach a new behavior or not removing the consequence, which is reinforcing the problem behavior. Also, check to see if your directions are clear, is the environment structured correctly, and are your ...
LEARninG - numerons
... conditioned stimulus (CS) is a previously neutral stimulus that has, through conditioning, acquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned response. The conditioned response (CR) is a learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus that occurs because of previous conditioning. In Pavlov’s initial demonstrat ...
... conditioned stimulus (CS) is a previously neutral stimulus that has, through conditioning, acquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned response. The conditioned response (CR) is a learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus that occurs because of previous conditioning. In Pavlov’s initial demonstrat ...
B.F. SKINNER AND HIS CONTRIBUTION TO SCIENCE AND TO
... used as an eponym. The six criteria are integrated to form a composite index and based on this, a list was made with the ranking order of the most eminent psychologists of the twentieth century. In this composite index (Table 4) Skinner comes in first place among the 100 most eminent psychologists ( ...
... used as an eponym. The six criteria are integrated to form a composite index and based on this, a list was made with the ranking order of the most eminent psychologists of the twentieth century. In this composite index (Table 4) Skinner comes in first place among the 100 most eminent psychologists ( ...
A Contemporary Behavior Analysis of Anxiety and
... and treating behavior disorders such as anxiety. It is our conviction, however, that we need to demonstrate more than just a passing interest in the clinical behavior analysis of anxiety; what is now needed is a fresh empirical approach that draws on developments in the contemporary view of private ...
... and treating behavior disorders such as anxiety. It is our conviction, however, that we need to demonstrate more than just a passing interest in the clinical behavior analysis of anxiety; what is now needed is a fresh empirical approach that draws on developments in the contemporary view of private ...
object relations, dependency, and attachment
... technical term in scientific and professional writing.) Dependency was defined at first as a learned drive, acquired through its association with the reduction of primary drives. Dependency could become a generalized personality trait, in regard to which there were individual differences, presumably ...
... technical term in scientific and professional writing.) Dependency was defined at first as a learned drive, acquired through its association with the reduction of primary drives. Dependency could become a generalized personality trait, in regard to which there were individual differences, presumably ...
NEEDS (MURRAY, 1938) AND STATE
... variables of which his behavior is a function.” Meehl: “Surely not. But Freud’s ‘unconscious’ means more than that. Suppose one has learned to tact such a variable, inner or outer, but avoids doing so ‘in the interest of the defense,’ as we say. That’s the kind of unconscious we clinicians care abou ...
... variables of which his behavior is a function.” Meehl: “Surely not. But Freud’s ‘unconscious’ means more than that. Suppose one has learned to tact such a variable, inner or outer, but avoids doing so ‘in the interest of the defense,’ as we say. That’s the kind of unconscious we clinicians care abou ...
object relations, dependency, and attachment: a theoretical review
... professional writing.) Dependency was defined at first as a learned drive, acquired through its association with the reduction of primary drives. Dependency could become a generalized personality trait, in regard to which there were individual differences, presumably reflecting different learning hi ...
... professional writing.) Dependency was defined at first as a learned drive, acquired through its association with the reduction of primary drives. Dependency could become a generalized personality trait, in regard to which there were individual differences, presumably reflecting different learning hi ...
The Operant-Respondent Distinction Revisited: Toward
... distinction between the operant and the respondent, a full treatment of each of those research areas will not be given here. Rather, we discuss only those areas believed to be conceptually relevant to the problem at hand: We wish to raise the possibility that instances of operant behavior as they ha ...
... distinction between the operant and the respondent, a full treatment of each of those research areas will not be given here. Rather, we discuss only those areas believed to be conceptually relevant to the problem at hand: We wish to raise the possibility that instances of operant behavior as they ha ...
Journal of Animal Behavior Technology
... Pryor brought to clicker training through the publication of her book Don’t Shoot the Dog, many people use shaping to teach their dogs and other animals. Shaping is, of course, a unique feature of Skinner's operant conditioning that sets it apart from other behavioral learning theories that assume w ...
... Pryor brought to clicker training through the publication of her book Don’t Shoot the Dog, many people use shaping to teach their dogs and other animals. Shaping is, of course, a unique feature of Skinner's operant conditioning that sets it apart from other behavioral learning theories that assume w ...
CENTRAL TEXAS COLLEGE
... o Covert – private events – are not observable to others 2. Identify the historical roots of behavior modification • Major Figures o Ivan P. Pavlov (1849 – 1936) – respondent conditioning o Edward L. Thorndike (1874 – 1949) – Law of Effect – a behavior that produces a favorable effect on the environ ...
... o Covert – private events – are not observable to others 2. Identify the historical roots of behavior modification • Major Figures o Ivan P. Pavlov (1849 – 1936) – respondent conditioning o Edward L. Thorndike (1874 – 1949) – Law of Effect – a behavior that produces a favorable effect on the environ ...
Behavior Analysis, Relational Frame Theory, and the Challenge of
... If RFT used a new principle to explain relational operants, it might be appropriate for behavior analysts to resist these claims until “more conservative” alternatives based on existing principles could receive more attention. That is not the case, however. The principles and procedures used to expl ...
... If RFT used a new principle to explain relational operants, it might be appropriate for behavior analysts to resist these claims until “more conservative” alternatives based on existing principles could receive more attention. That is not the case, however. The principles and procedures used to expl ...
Reinforcement - Basic Knowledge 101
... whereas punishers serve to decrease behaviors; thus, positive reinforcers are stimuli that the subject will work to attain, and negative reinforcers are stimuli that the subject will work to be rid of or to end.[15] The table below illustrates the adding and subtracting of stimuli (pleasant 3.3 Prim ...
... whereas punishers serve to decrease behaviors; thus, positive reinforcers are stimuli that the subject will work to attain, and negative reinforcers are stimuli that the subject will work to be rid of or to end.[15] The table below illustrates the adding and subtracting of stimuli (pleasant 3.3 Prim ...
Selection in Modern Evolutionary Biology, Learning and Culture
... Psychology, as a modern scientific discipline, suffers somewhat from the limited logical flexibility afforded to understanding how behavior is caused. Within a logical framework of ”either-or”, there is a debate about whether behavior is controlled by mental mechanisms or ”reward and punishment” (St ...
... Psychology, as a modern scientific discipline, suffers somewhat from the limited logical flexibility afforded to understanding how behavior is caused. Within a logical framework of ”either-or”, there is a debate about whether behavior is controlled by mental mechanisms or ”reward and punishment” (St ...
skinner s reinforcement theory - Cambridge Center for Behavioral
... in original). In other words, at this time Skinner chose the reflex as his subject matter because of its apparently causal explanatory power. The reflex assures that behavior is necessitated. In 1932, Skinner’s own data on behavioral variability created trouble for his necessitarian causal analysis. ...
... in original). In other words, at this time Skinner chose the reflex as his subject matter because of its apparently causal explanatory power. The reflex assures that behavior is necessitated. In 1932, Skinner’s own data on behavioral variability created trouble for his necessitarian causal analysis. ...
Including physiological data in a science of behavior: A
... of behavior analysis are: (a) Behavior is the object of study in its own right, (b) behavior is determined and thus, it can be predicted and controlled, (c) behavior is a function of identifiable variables, which are environmental events, and (d) the goal of behavior analysis is to identify all thos ...
... of behavior analysis are: (a) Behavior is the object of study in its own right, (b) behavior is determined and thus, it can be predicted and controlled, (c) behavior is a function of identifiable variables, which are environmental events, and (d) the goal of behavior analysis is to identify all thos ...
ABOUT SKINNER AND TIME: BEHAVIOR
... sessions of training, in temporally differentiated behavior, with little or no responding occurring early in the interval, and increasing response rates (observable either in individual intervals, or when data from a number of intervals are aggregated together) as time in the interval elapses. How c ...
... sessions of training, in temporally differentiated behavior, with little or no responding occurring early in the interval, and increasing response rates (observable either in individual intervals, or when data from a number of intervals are aggregated together) as time in the interval elapses. How c ...
Behavioral Analysis of Psychoanalytically Derived Interpretations
... biological drives (food, water, sex, etc.), there are some consequences of behavior which cannot be termed biological or primary but are responsible for the emergence and mainte nance of much, if not most, of the behavior of people. ...
... biological drives (food, water, sex, etc.), there are some consequences of behavior which cannot be termed biological or primary but are responsible for the emergence and mainte nance of much, if not most, of the behavior of people. ...
Learning to Coordinate Behaviors
... fully grasp the peculiarities of the task and environment, so as to be able to specify what will make the robot successfully achieve the task (Maes, 1990). We therefore started developing an algorithm for learning the control of behaviors through experience. In accordance with the philosophy of beha ...
... fully grasp the peculiarities of the task and environment, so as to be able to specify what will make the robot successfully achieve the task (Maes, 1990). We therefore started developing an algorithm for learning the control of behaviors through experience. In accordance with the philosophy of beha ...
Redalyc. Skinner and the Rise of Behavior Modification and
... programmatic defense of psychotherapy from an alternative perspective of traditional models. He also believed in the past and present relevance of the defended methodological approach: the intra-subject replication or the N=1 designs. Skinners’ contributions are important not only because of his fin ...
... programmatic defense of psychotherapy from an alternative perspective of traditional models. He also believed in the past and present relevance of the defended methodological approach: the intra-subject replication or the N=1 designs. Skinners’ contributions are important not only because of his fin ...
Clark L. Hull
Clark Leonard Hull (May 24, 1884 – May 10, 1952) was an influential American psychologist who sought to explain learning and motivation by scientific laws of behavior. Hull is known for his debates with Edward C. Tolman. He is also known for his work in drive theory.Hull spent the mature part of his career at Yale University, where he was recruited by the president and former-psychologist, James Rowland Angell. He performed research demonstrating that his theories could predict behavior. His most significant works were the Mathematico-Deductive Theory of Rote Learning (1940), and Principles of Behavior (1943), which established his analysis of animal learning and conditioning as the dominant learning theory of its time. Hull’s model is expressed in biological terms: Organisms suffer deprivation; deprivation creates needs; needs activate drives; drives activate behavior; behavior is goal directed; achieving the goal has survival value.He is perhaps best known for the ""goal gradient"" effect or hypothesis, wherein organisms spend disproportionate amounts of effort in the final stages of attainment of the object of drives. Due to the lack of popularity of behaviorism in modern contexts it is little referenced today or bracketed as obsolete. Nonetheless, a Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Hull as the 21st most cited psychologist of the 20th century.