Coriolanus: The Tragedy of Virtus
... apparent and problematical. The epitomes of Florus, frequently reprinted with Livy, and also a school-text in Renaissance England, present the problem even more sharply. Florus's four books are organized under rubrics that alternate external wars and internal discords. In Book I, after sections on t ...
... apparent and problematical. The epitomes of Florus, frequently reprinted with Livy, and also a school-text in Renaissance England, present the problem even more sharply. Florus's four books are organized under rubrics that alternate external wars and internal discords. In Book I, after sections on t ...
Book 3 - Roman Roads Media
... or whilst it was being built, are more fitted to adorn the creations of the poet than the authentic records of the historian, and I have no intention of establishing either their truth or their falsehood. This much licence is conceded to the ancients, that by intermingling human actions with divine ...
... or whilst it was being built, are more fitted to adorn the creations of the poet than the authentic records of the historian, and I have no intention of establishing either their truth or their falsehood. This much licence is conceded to the ancients, that by intermingling human actions with divine ...
Banditry and Land Travel in the Roman Empire
... whereby these lower classes could sustain themselves. But famine was not the only circumstance that gave rise to increased brigandage; economic instability, social distress, and general societal breakdown resulting from civil wars or rebellion were also contributing factors: Ever since war had been ...
... whereby these lower classes could sustain themselves. But famine was not the only circumstance that gave rise to increased brigandage; economic instability, social distress, and general societal breakdown resulting from civil wars or rebellion were also contributing factors: Ever since war had been ...
Imperial Representations of Clementia: from Augustus to Marcus
... which continued to exist throughout the imperial period. Furthermore, she argues that, beginning with Augustus, clemency became necessary in the attempt to Romanize the conquered world. Only through the use of clementia would there be peace and would the assimilation of the barbarians be successful. ...
... which continued to exist throughout the imperial period. Furthermore, she argues that, beginning with Augustus, clemency became necessary in the attempt to Romanize the conquered world. Only through the use of clementia would there be peace and would the assimilation of the barbarians be successful. ...
Polybius, Syracuse, and the - Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies
... troubles caused by his anti-Roman successor Hieronymus provides an early and precise model of the famous condemnations of anti-Roman politicians that characterize the last books of the work. While these latter condemnations have led Walbank to argue that Polybius' attitude towards Rome became increa ...
... troubles caused by his anti-Roman successor Hieronymus provides an early and precise model of the famous condemnations of anti-Roman politicians that characterize the last books of the work. While these latter condemnations have led Walbank to argue that Polybius' attitude towards Rome became increa ...
Hannibal Crossing the Alps
... would conquer the land they see before them. The army relied on the view for hope.14 Another important fact was that the mountain pass led directly to the city of Turin, which was the first city Hannibal took after crossing the Alps. These facts still point to the Traversette and Clapier passes as t ...
... would conquer the land they see before them. The army relied on the view for hope.14 Another important fact was that the mountain pass led directly to the city of Turin, which was the first city Hannibal took after crossing the Alps. These facts still point to the Traversette and Clapier passes as t ...
this PDF file - Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology
... trying to conduct his ethnographical digression in a style that would be most pleasing and most expected by his Roman audience, by highlighting and emphasising the traditional differences between the Romans and Persians.47 As a result, most of Ammianus Marcellinus’ more nuanced information on the Pe ...
... trying to conduct his ethnographical digression in a style that would be most pleasing and most expected by his Roman audience, by highlighting and emphasising the traditional differences between the Romans and Persians.47 As a result, most of Ammianus Marcellinus’ more nuanced information on the Pe ...
Politics and policy: Rome and Liguria, 200-172 B.C.
... this region’s place in the larger framework of Roman imperialism. Indeed, though there are many treatments of Rome’s overseas wars in the post-Hannibalic period6, Liguria has rarely been addressed in depth since William H.B. Hall did so in an 1898 work entitled The Romans on the Riviera and the Rhon ...
... this region’s place in the larger framework of Roman imperialism. Indeed, though there are many treatments of Rome’s overseas wars in the post-Hannibalic period6, Liguria has rarely been addressed in depth since William H.B. Hall did so in an 1898 work entitled The Romans on the Riviera and the Rhon ...
Was Constantinople founded as a Christian capital?
... there? After all he was bishop of Caesarea, not Constantinople. In this case it is reasonable to assume that Eusebius was able to describe the city with a great deal of accuracy because we know enough about his movements to make two important points. The first point is that he had traveled there, th ...
... there? After all he was bishop of Caesarea, not Constantinople. In this case it is reasonable to assume that Eusebius was able to describe the city with a great deal of accuracy because we know enough about his movements to make two important points. The first point is that he had traveled there, th ...
- The University of Liverpool Repository
... have come to the same conclusion as Roman historians. More recently these views have been ...
... have come to the same conclusion as Roman historians. More recently these views have been ...
View - OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center
... forms of word, but also the forms of sentence and paragraph (formas non verborum modo, sed et sensuum et compositionis). If we take his words in a more general sense, the tropes may be seen to operate on the forms of meaning (sensus) and organization (compositio). These tropes would therefore affec ...
... forms of word, but also the forms of sentence and paragraph (formas non verborum modo, sed et sensuum et compositionis). If we take his words in a more general sense, the tropes may be seen to operate on the forms of meaning (sensus) and organization (compositio). These tropes would therefore affec ...
The ritual of sacrifice and entertainment representations of the
... breaking pax deorum. The saeculum itself was key to the understanding of ludi saeculares. Zosimus explains that the games bear the name of ludi saeculares because the period of time between its successive celebrations equals the longest lifespan of a man. Romans after all refer to «century» as «saec ...
... breaking pax deorum. The saeculum itself was key to the understanding of ludi saeculares. Zosimus explains that the games bear the name of ludi saeculares because the period of time between its successive celebrations equals the longest lifespan of a man. Romans after all refer to «century» as «saec ...
Engineering Power: The Roman Triumph as Material Expression of
... victorious army and gathered them together with the Senate and magistrates in the Campus Martius for his triumphal procession. Scattered along a triumphal route that stretched from the Campus Martius to the precinct of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on the Capitoline Hill, spectators witnessed the exhibiti ...
... victorious army and gathered them together with the Senate and magistrates in the Campus Martius for his triumphal procession. Scattered along a triumphal route that stretched from the Campus Martius to the precinct of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on the Capitoline Hill, spectators witnessed the exhibiti ...
The Political Borderlines of Herod the Great
... political behavior—interests that were by no means one-dimensional. Antipater linked himself to the most powerful Romans of the day, beginning in 63 BCE with Pompey and continuing throughout the rest of his career, to 43 BCE. It is important for us to notice how Antipater took care to make friends i ...
... political behavior—interests that were by no means one-dimensional. Antipater linked himself to the most powerful Romans of the day, beginning in 63 BCE with Pompey and continuing throughout the rest of his career, to 43 BCE. It is important for us to notice how Antipater took care to make friends i ...
The Roman Riders: Ethnicity and Iconography on Roman
... to maintain a dominant military presence in the expanding foreign provinces, Rome began to recruit soldiers from a variety of ethnic groups who were enticed into service by specified salaries, booty, and the promises of earning Roman citizenship and a comfortable retirement. 5 These changes eventual ...
... to maintain a dominant military presence in the expanding foreign provinces, Rome began to recruit soldiers from a variety of ethnic groups who were enticed into service by specified salaries, booty, and the promises of earning Roman citizenship and a comfortable retirement. 5 These changes eventual ...
A General`s Self-Depiction: The Political
... beyond the limits of the Romans’ world.”14 Even though Britain was spectacularly far from Rome (both geographically and in the Roman imagination), it is only roughly twenty-five miles from Gaul and many of the Gallic tribes had received British auxiliaries in previous engagements against Caesar; tha ...
... beyond the limits of the Romans’ world.”14 Even though Britain was spectacularly far from Rome (both geographically and in the Roman imagination), it is only roughly twenty-five miles from Gaul and many of the Gallic tribes had received British auxiliaries in previous engagements against Caesar; tha ...
Historical review on the patterns of open innovation at the national
... mentioned the need for an organizing entity that establishes technological and innovation policies, conducts R&D, provides financial support to R&D, and fosters human resource development, technological dissemination, and entrepreneurship (OECD, 1999). The NIS is made up of three major elements, inc ...
... mentioned the need for an organizing entity that establishes technological and innovation policies, conducts R&D, provides financial support to R&D, and fosters human resource development, technological dissemination, and entrepreneurship (OECD, 1999). The NIS is made up of three major elements, inc ...
i>Clicker Questions - Macmillan Learning
... whereas all of these activities withered during the Hellenistic period. B. The Hellenic period was marked by constant warfare, whereas the Hellenistic period was marked by a three decades of peace under Alexander’s rule. C. The Hellenic period was marked by a strong foreign influence on Greek cultur ...
... whereas all of these activities withered during the Hellenistic period. B. The Hellenic period was marked by constant warfare, whereas the Hellenistic period was marked by a three decades of peace under Alexander’s rule. C. The Hellenic period was marked by a strong foreign influence on Greek cultur ...
The Seed of Principate: Annona and Imperial Politics
... primitivism argues that since the ancients lack economic vocabulary, especially for the public economics, the ancients make their decisions on non-economic social grounds.29 Given that assumption, the primitivists conclude that economic analysis should not be applied to the ancient world. I protest ...
... primitivism argues that since the ancients lack economic vocabulary, especially for the public economics, the ancients make their decisions on non-economic social grounds.29 Given that assumption, the primitivists conclude that economic analysis should not be applied to the ancient world. I protest ...
The Caecilii Metelli: A textbook example of success
... Caius Iulius Caesar, also became a member of the Metelli family when he married Cornelia Metella (born Caecilia Metella) in 52 BC. She was his fifth wife. ...
... Caius Iulius Caesar, also became a member of the Metelli family when he married Cornelia Metella (born Caecilia Metella) in 52 BC. She was his fifth wife. ...
Culture of ancient Rome
""Roman society"" redirects here. For the learned society, see: Society for the Promotion of Roman StudiesThe culture of ancient Rome existed throughout the almost 1200-year history of the civilization of Ancient Rome. The term refers to the culture of the Roman Republic, later the Roman Empire, which at its peak covered an area from Lowland Scotland and Morocco to the Euphrates.Life in ancient Rome revolved around the city of Rome, its famed seven hills, and its monumental architecture such as the Flavian Amphitheatre (now called the Colosseum), the Forum of Trajan, and the Pantheon. The city also had several theaters, gymnasia, and many taverns, baths, and brothels. Throughout the territory under ancient Rome's control, residential architecture ranged from very modest houses to country villas, and in the capital city of Rome, there were imperial residences on the elegant Palatine Hill, from which the word palace is derived. The vast majority of the population lived in the city center, packed into insulae (apartment blocks).The city of Rome was the largest megalopolis of that time, with a population that may well have exceeded one million people, with a high end estimate of 3.6 million and a low end estimate of 450,000. Historical estimates indicate that around 30% of the population under the city's jurisdiction lived in innumerable urban centers, with population of at least 10,000 and several military settlements, a very high rate of urbanization by pre-industrial standards. The most urbanized part of the Empire was Italy, which had an estimated rate of urbanization of 32%, the same rate of urbanization of England in 1800. Most Roman towns and cities had a forum, temples and the same type of buildings, on a smaller scale, as found in Rome. The large urban population required an endless supply of food which was a complex logistical task, including acquiring, transporting, storing and distribution of food for Rome and other urban centers. Italian farms supplied vegetables and fruits, but fish and meat were luxuries. Aqueducts were built to bring water to urban centers and wine and oil were imported from Hispania, Gaul and Africa.There was a very large amount of commerce between the provinces of the Roman Empire, since its transportation technology was very efficient. The average costs of transport and the technology were comparable with 18th-century Europe. The later city of Rome did not fill the space within its ancient Aurelian walls until after 1870.Eighty percent of the population under the jurisdiction of ancient Rome lived in the countryside in settlements with less than 10 thousand inhabitants. Landlords generally resided in cities and their estates were left in the care of farm managers. The plight of rural slaves was generally worse than their counterparts working in urban aristocratic households. To stimulate a higher labor productivity most landlords freed a large number of slaves and many received wages. Some records indicate that ""as many as 42 people lived in one small farm hut in Egypt, while six families owned a single olive tree."" Such a rural environment continued to induce migration of population to urban centers until the early 2nd century when the urban population stopped growing and started to decline.Starting in the middle of the 2nd century BC, private Greek culture was increasingly in ascendancy, in spite of tirades against the ""softening"" effects of Hellenized culture from the conservative moralists. By the time of Augustus, cultured Greek household slaves taught the Roman young (sometimes even the girls); chefs, decorators, secretaries, doctors, and hairdressers all came from the Greek East. Greek sculptures adorned Hellenistic landscape gardening on the Palatine or in the villas, or were imitated in Roman sculpture yards by Greek slaves. The Roman cuisine preserved in the cookery books ascribed to Apicius is essentially Greek. Roman writers disdained Latin for a cultured Greek style. Only in law and governance was the Italic nature of Rome's accretive culture supreme.Against this human background, both the urban and rural setting, one of history's most influential civilizations took shape, leaving behind a cultural legacy that survives in part today.