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Mechanisms of Genetic exchange
Mechanisms of Genetic exchange

... virus. Viruses are non-cellular entities known to infect all types of cells; those infecting bacteria are called bacteriophages. Viruses vary considerably in form and exact composition, but typically have a genome composed of either DNA or RNA (not both) surrounded by a protein coat. Though in most ...
Unit 8b-Modern Genetics
Unit 8b-Modern Genetics

... codon­ 3bp on the mRNA (code for an amino acid) anticodon­ 3 bp on the tRNA that complements the codon ...
pAmCyan1-N1 Vector Information
pAmCyan1-N1 Vector Information

... Clontech products are to be used for research purposes only. They may not be used for any other purpose, including, but not limited to, use in drugs, in vitro diagnostic purposes, therapeutics, or in humans. Clontech products may not be transferred to third parties, resold, modified for resale, or u ...
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs)
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs)

... 1. RFLPs can be used as alleles in pedigree analysis. 2. RFLPs can be directly associated with the sequence changes that cause a normal gene to be a mutant allele (e.g. sickle-cell anemia). 3. In most cases an RFLP is used only as a nearby genetic marker to find linkage with a phenotype such as an i ...
REVIEW UNIT 4 & 5: HEREDITY & MOLECULAR GENETICS SAMPLE QUESTIONS
REVIEW UNIT 4 & 5: HEREDITY & MOLECULAR GENETICS SAMPLE QUESTIONS

... e. reverse transcription 15. Process in which a protein is assembled at a ribosome. 16. Process in which naked DNA is taken up by a bacterial or yeast cell 17. Process in which RNA is produced by using a DNA template. 18. Process that results in the production of cDNA from an RNA molecule 19. Proces ...
Chapter 3: Reproduction and Heredity
Chapter 3: Reproduction and Heredity

The HapMap project and its application to genetic
The HapMap project and its application to genetic

... the public domain as a result of the Human Genome Project and associated research. The more ambitious approach would be to scan the entire genome for important new variants—an approach which is not limited by any prior hypothesis, but which requires effective resources and technology for genome-wide ...
Genetic_diseases_case_study
Genetic_diseases_case_study

How Are Complete Genomes Sequenced?
How Are Complete Genomes Sequenced?

... DNA sequences that survive and reproduce but that do not increase the fitness of the host genome. • Transposable elements are classified as parasitic because they decrease their host’s fitness: – It takes time and resources to copy them along with the rest of the genome. – They can disrupt gene func ...
Theory of gene expression quantification using real-time PCR
Theory of gene expression quantification using real-time PCR

... PCR. Depending on the amount of sample available, the characteristics of the RNA target (secondary structure) and the throughput required, there are two different approaches: 1. Two-Step RT-PCR: Reverse transcription of mRNA will lead to a cDNA archive, allowing for multiple analyses using real-time ...
Table II Transformation of various derived strains OSU  Strain Outcrossed with
Table II Transformation of various derived strains OSU Strain Outcrossed with

... 30: 17) of an inl,rg N. crassa strain (R2506), according to the procedure of Case (1982 in: Genetic Engineering of Microorganisms for Chemicals, eds. Hollaender et al. pp. 87-100 Plenum, New York) with slight modifications. Two inl+ transformants (Tl and T3) were obtained. They were back-crossed to ...
Evolution of HSV-1 and VZV.
Evolution of HSV-1 and VZV.

... Phylogenetic analysis • Reconstruction of evolutionary history • Relationship ...
Ninth Grade Biology Unit 3 – Growth and Heredity Asexual and
Ninth Grade Biology Unit 3 – Growth and Heredity Asexual and

... What is the role of DNA in storing and transmitting cellular information? How are genes, chromosomes and DNA related? What are the advantages of sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction in different environmental situations? How do sexual and asexual reproduction in organisms compare? ...
ppt - Computer Science & Engineering
ppt - Computer Science & Engineering

... DNA, apparently by itself, could transfer new genetic traits between Pneumococcus bacteria • "I knew the contention that DNA was the hereditary material, but I didn't accept it," Linus Pauling • Watson & Crick (1953) "The Double Helix" CSCE 769 ...
Genetics Notes
Genetics Notes

Down syndrome is caused by trisomy 21
Down syndrome is caused by trisomy 21

... Down Syndrome and Translocation Heterozygote • Down syndrome is caused by trisomy 21 (3 copies of chromosome 21). • 95% of Down syndrome cases are associated with nondisjunction and shows no familial recurrence. ...
Diagnosis of Hereditary Disease in the Purebred Dog
Diagnosis of Hereditary Disease in the Purebred Dog

... In some instances it may be that a disease gene is very widespread in within a breed. One of the most notable examples of this is CEA. At this stage for some breeds, it may be necessary to carry out matings with known carriers or affected animals, otherwise the breed will become nonexistent. Because ...
Gene Targeting
Gene Targeting

... • So we’ve tagged YFG* with a URA3 gene and inserted it into one chromosomal copy in a URA3- mutant • As an example, let’s say we suspect that YFG* causes resistance to hygromycin and that yeast with YFG only is susceptible to hygromycin ...
Genetics and Huntington disease - Huntington`s Disease Society of
Genetics and Huntington disease - Huntington`s Disease Society of

Part 1: Genetic Engineering
Part 1: Genetic Engineering

... 1. How do restriction enzymes work? What do bacteria use them for? What do genetic engineers use them for? 2. Explain the significance of “sticky ends” and why they were given that name. Vectors: 3. Diagram a typical designed plasmid vector. Label and define each of the following parts: a. The ori b ...
OICR-1-Cancer Treatment Discovery-MichelleBrazas
OICR-1-Cancer Treatment Discovery-MichelleBrazas

... • 2 sequence reads have the same bases as the normal DNA sequence • + 2 reads have different bases compared to the normal DNA sequence ...
Exhibit Guide for Grades 6-9 - Museum of Science and Industry
Exhibit Guide for Grades 6-9 - Museum of Science and Industry

... species, Homo sapiens. We can now read nature’s complete genetic blueprint for building a human being. These three billion base pairs include an estimated 30,000 genes. The rest of the genome— perhaps 99 percent of it—is sequences with unknown function. Determining the order and organization of all ...
Bio research bio and fromatics lab - BLI-Research-Synbio
Bio research bio and fromatics lab - BLI-Research-Synbio

... Transcription is when RNA polymerase binds to a specific sequence called a promoter. When a codon is formed in a DNA sequence the ribosome comes along and attaches to the codon and helps create proteins. A gene is made up of many nucleotides which make up the sequence of DNA. 7. What could happen to ...
Lectre 10
Lectre 10

... Describe the use of plasmid and viral vectors. Describe five ways of getting DNA into a cell. Explain how each of the following are used to locate a clone: antibiotic-resistance genes, DNA probes. List one advantage of engineering the following: E. coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mammalian cells, pl ...
Document - Fan Lab
Document - Fan Lab

... ===length-not-equal=== after alignment, the length of the two sequences are different. more than one hit when one CDS has multiple hits in target sequence, only the best alignment was extracted no good hit there is no good hit between one CDS and target sequences ...
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Genome editing

Genome editing, or genome editing with engineered nucleases (GEEN) is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, replaced, or removed from a genome using artificially engineered nucleases, or ""molecular scissors."" The nucleases create specific double-stranded break (DSBs) at desired locations in the genome, and harness the cell’s endogenous mechanisms to repair the induced break by natural processes of homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ). There are currently four families of engineered nucleases being used: Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), the CRISPR/Cas system, and engineered meganuclease re-engineered homing endonucleases.It is commonly practiced in genetic analysis that in order to understand the function of a gene or a protein function one interferes with it in a sequence-specific way and monitors its effects on the organism. However, in some organisms it is difficult or impossible to perform site-specific mutagenesis, and therefore more indirect methods have to be used, such as silencing the gene of interest by short RNA interference (siRNA) . Yet gene disruption by siRNA can be variable and incomplete. Genome editing with nucleases such as ZFN is different from siRNA in that the engineered nuclease is able to modify DNA-binding specificity and therefore can in principle cut any targeted position in the genome, and introduce modification of the endogenous sequences for genes that are impossible to specifically target by conventional RNAi. Furthermore, the specificity of ZFNs and TALENs are enhanced as two ZFNs are required in the recognition of their portion of the target and subsequently direct to the neighboring sequences.It was chosen by Nature Methods as the 2011 Method of the Year.
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