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Ch 17 DNA mutations
Ch 17 DNA mutations

... Strand slippage may cause repeats ...
here - PHGEN
here - PHGEN

... Genetics is the academic study of how genes determine or influence form or function (‘traits’) of living organisms. The term is also used to refer to co-determinism of trait and the specific forms (alleles) of a gene. Epigenetics refers to a similar determinism by other factors than the base sequenc ...
Genetic engineering in budding yeast
Genetic engineering in budding yeast

... Because the flanks can be as little as 45bp, they can be added as part of a primer in a PCR reaction, so to create the above cassette, PCR amplify the ‘New sequence’ region with the flanks attached to the primers (this makes long oligos of ~65bp, but this does not effect the PCR). The un-purified PC ...
here
here

... Evolution occurs within populations where the fittest organisms have a selective advantage. Over time the advantages genes become fixed in a population and the population gradually changes. Note: this is not in contradiction to the the theory of neutral evolution. (which says what ?) Processes that ...
Features on Nucleic Acid Sequences, Gene Features and Coding
Features on Nucleic Acid Sequences, Gene Features and Coding

... is a sequence, there is a feature located on that sequence, and there is a span on that sequence where the feature is located. Each of these pieces, the sequence, the feature and the location will have sub-properties including. ` In GUS, location, feature and sequence are all stored in separate tabl ...
Microbial Genetics Thesaurus
Microbial Genetics Thesaurus

... there is much overlap in terminology among the fields of molecular biology, microbial biology, and microbial genetics, it is rather difficult to define clear boundaries between fields. This thesaurus does not attempt to provide comprehensive coverage of the entire field of microbial genetics, but ha ...
Document
Document

... that allows the plasmid to replicate in the bacteria using the host DNA synthesis enzymes A promoter sequence for initiating transcription of the inserted gene A gene encoding a protein for antibiotic resistance, which allows for identification of bacteria that have taken in the plasmid ...
5.6 Mutations
5.6 Mutations

... Usually occurs between two nonhomologous chromosomes. Result is a fusion protein with an altered function ...
Microbial GeneticsIII MB - E
Microbial GeneticsIII MB - E

... is transferred because F- cells are unable to perform conjugation 16. A bacterial cell that is able to take up naked DNA is said to be (1) competent (2) liable (3) infected 17. The relationship between a virus and host where no new viral particles are produces and the viral genome is replicated alon ...
Gene Therapy
Gene Therapy

... protein in sufficient quantity at the appropriate site to ellicit the desired biological responses. Various modes of delivery: Viral delivery systems (modified, nonreplicating, viral genomes carrying a specific transgene). An efficient approach but has limitations due to its potential immunogenici ...
1.5MB - Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research
1.5MB - Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research

Using mouse genetics to understand human disease
Using mouse genetics to understand human disease

... – Theories rediscovered and disputed ca. 1900 – Experiments on mouse coat color proved Mendel correct and generalizable to mammals – We now recognize this inheritance as being carried by variation in DNA ...
NCEA Level 3 Biology - miss-lovell
NCEA Level 3 Biology - miss-lovell

... If it does not code for the correct protein will there be an effect / process cease / structure not form. correct idea ...
CSE 181 Project guidelines
CSE 181 Project guidelines

... Proteins: Workhorses of the Cell • 20 different amino acids • different chemical properties cause the protein chains to fold up into specific three-dimensional structures that define their particular functions in the cell. ...
Homologous chromosome
Homologous chromosome

... 4.1 Chromosomes, genes, alleles and mutation Define: A. Chromosome: is made of long thread of DNA packaged with proteins. It is replicated before division and visible in a stained cell. B. Chromatin: eukaryotic genetic material made of DNA and protein. C. Chromatid: one of the two copies of chromos ...
Introduction to Genetics
Introduction to Genetics

... specific cells for their own replication, consist of protein & nucleic acid (ds/ss DNA or RNA). Transposable elements –1st identified in maize Replicate as part of another genetic element capable of moving from site to site. Transposable elements prove - genetic material not stable, fluidic ...
Genetics: Phenotype and Genotype - science 6
Genetics: Phenotype and Genotype - science 6

... What is a Phenotype? is any observable characteristic or trait of an organism Phenotypes result from as well as the mixture of genes and the product of it. ...
Lecture 7 Mutation and genetic variation
Lecture 7 Mutation and genetic variation

Genome fusion occurs during endosymbiosis
Genome fusion occurs during endosymbiosis

... their domain in that they contain two lipidbilayer membranes, did result from an endosymbiotic fusion of archaeal and bacterial species . The double membrane would be a direct result of endosymbiosis, with the endosymbiont picking up the second membrane from the host as it was internalized. This mec ...
Exam #3 Review
Exam #3 Review

... Exam #3 Review Exam #3 will cover from the last portion of Lecture 14 through the first portion of Lecture 21 as specified in class. This includes regulation of gene expression, bacterial genetics, antibiotics, viruses, and taxonomy. As always, it is best to begin by studying your notes and then aft ...
Mutations ATAR
Mutations ATAR

... These are normally only switched ‘on’ when growth factors are detected by protein receptors on the cell surface membrane. These cause relay proteins in the cytoplasm to switch these genes on. ...
Intraspecies variation in bacterial genomes: the need for a
Intraspecies variation in bacterial genomes: the need for a

... part of the genome, but others carry genes that make chromosome can then be cut into large-sized fragthem important for cell survival. There are also ments with fixed-reference terminal loci, allowing groups of genes found in the chromosome of some comparison of fragments with the same end points st ...
PowerPoint PDF Printout
PowerPoint PDF Printout

... Q: Where does transcription occur in prokaryotes? Eukaryotes? ...
Genetics notes
Genetics notes

PDF 100 KB - Office of the Gene Technology Regulator
PDF 100 KB - Office of the Gene Technology Regulator

... GMOs and the matters that the Regulator must take into account before deciding whether, or not, to issue a licence. The Regulator’s Risk Analysis Framework 2 outlines the assessment process that will be followed. The application and the proposed dealings The Acting Regulator has received an applicat ...
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Genome editing

Genome editing, or genome editing with engineered nucleases (GEEN) is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, replaced, or removed from a genome using artificially engineered nucleases, or ""molecular scissors."" The nucleases create specific double-stranded break (DSBs) at desired locations in the genome, and harness the cell’s endogenous mechanisms to repair the induced break by natural processes of homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ). There are currently four families of engineered nucleases being used: Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), the CRISPR/Cas system, and engineered meganuclease re-engineered homing endonucleases.It is commonly practiced in genetic analysis that in order to understand the function of a gene or a protein function one interferes with it in a sequence-specific way and monitors its effects on the organism. However, in some organisms it is difficult or impossible to perform site-specific mutagenesis, and therefore more indirect methods have to be used, such as silencing the gene of interest by short RNA interference (siRNA) . Yet gene disruption by siRNA can be variable and incomplete. Genome editing with nucleases such as ZFN is different from siRNA in that the engineered nuclease is able to modify DNA-binding specificity and therefore can in principle cut any targeted position in the genome, and introduce modification of the endogenous sequences for genes that are impossible to specifically target by conventional RNAi. Furthermore, the specificity of ZFNs and TALENs are enhanced as two ZFNs are required in the recognition of their portion of the target and subsequently direct to the neighboring sequences.It was chosen by Nature Methods as the 2011 Method of the Year.
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