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What is a gene, post-ENCODE? History and updated
What is a gene, post-ENCODE? History and updated

... post-translational modification. Such sequences could reside within the coding sequence as well as in the flanking regions, and in the case of enhancers and related elements, very far away from the coding sequence. Although functionally required for the expression of the gene product, regulatory ele ...
Lecture Chpt. 17 I Intro
Lecture Chpt. 17 I Intro

... Took mutants out of the complete media They did not all grow when put on “minimal media” They figured that mutants were unable to produce compounds essential for growth… perhaps their genes did not code for an enzyme… this ultimately did not let the organism produce arginine?? ...
Mutations - year13bio
Mutations - year13bio

...  Describe the role of DNA in relation to  Explain the role of DNA in relation to gene  Discuss the role of DNA in relation to gene expression. expression. gene expression. Refer to the Explanatory notes and Assessment Specifications for more detail about this standard ...
Mcbio 316: Exam 1A Answers (10)1. A wild
Mcbio 316: Exam 1A Answers (10)1. A wild

... ANSWER: Do a fluctuation test and use the Poisson distribution to calculate the number of mutations per cell division. c. How could you determine the mutant frequency? ANSWER: Simply count the number of mutants and divide by the number of total cells in a culture. d. What is the difference between m ...
function Complex genomic rearrangements lead to novel primate gene
function Complex genomic rearrangements lead to novel primate gene

... Although the current coverage and quality of the chimp genome do not allow a final assessment, we were able to detect at least four partial genes of the RGP family in addition to the complete RanBP2 ortholog. This is an indication that at least some of the RGP duplicaFigure 2. Evolutionary mechanism ...
OSIRIS: a tool for retrieving literature about sequence variants
OSIRIS: a tool for retrieving literature about sequence variants

... gene showed one wrong annotation (PMID: 11738487) out of the 12 articles retrieved. This annotation was owing to an incorrect matching of the ‘3A-G’ SNP (rs:20426) with the abbreviation of ‘3-(arylmethylidene)aminoxy-(3a-g, 4a-g)’ that appears in the abstract. In the case of the SOD1 gene, the only ...
What is a gene, post-ENCODE? History and updated definition
What is a gene, post-ENCODE? History and updated definition

... post-translational modification. Such sequences could reside within the coding sequence as well as in the flanking regions, and in the case of enhancers and related elements, very far away from the coding sequence. Although functionally required for the expression of the gene product, regulatory ele ...
DNA sequence representation by trianders and determinative
DNA sequence representation by trianders and determinative

... Abstract: A new version of DNA walks, where nucleotides are regarded unequal in their contribution to a walk is introduced, which allows us to study thoroughly the “fine structure” of nucleotide sequences. The approach is based on the assumption that nucleotides have an inner abstract characteristic ...
3` Untranslated Regions
3` Untranslated Regions

... Many introns code for small nuclear RNAs (snoRNAs). These accumulate in the nucleolus, and may play a role in ribosome assembly. Thus the introns cut out of pre-mRNA may play a role in producing, or regulating production of machinery to translate the mRNA’s code 3' Untranslated Regions - Play an imp ...
When bad things happen to good genes: mutation vs. selection
When bad things happen to good genes: mutation vs. selection

... Can high frequencies of deleterious alleles be maintained by mutation? Yes, if the bad alleles are fully recessive. Let A be the normal (“wild-type”) allele, and let a be the class of deleterious recessive mutations that arise at a rate µ per generation. Let the (collective) frequency of a-type mut ...
GeneFarm, structural and functional annotation of Arabidopsis gene
GeneFarm, structural and functional annotation of Arabidopsis gene

没有幻灯片标题
没有幻灯片标题

... covalently joined to the 5¢ ends of double-strand breaks. ...
Relating genes to function: identifying enriched transcription factors
Relating genes to function: identifying enriched transcription factors

... biology and medicine since the release of the human genome sequence; however, focus has only recently shifted to relating these signatures to function on a genome-wide scale. Thanks to next-generation sequencing assays such as ChIP-Seq that query an entire genome, transcription factor-binding sites ...
The hidden impact of inter-individual genomic variations on cellular
The hidden impact of inter-individual genomic variations on cellular

... the potential effects of sequence variants on inter-cellular signaling. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) currently has molecular-interaction network maps and related data for 14 canonical signaling pathways in humans. Many of these signaling systems (e.g. Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog) are ...
What is a gene, post-ENCODE? History and updated definition
What is a gene, post-ENCODE? History and updated definition

... post-translational modification. Such sequences could reside within the coding sequence as well as in the flanking regions, and in the case of enhancers and related elements, very far away from the coding sequence. Although functionally required for the expression of the gene product, regulatory ele ...
Scanning Life`s Matrix: Genes, Proteins, and Small Molecules (2002
Scanning Life`s Matrix: Genes, Proteins, and Small Molecules (2002

Molecular Marker Technology for Cotton Plant Improvement
Molecular Marker Technology for Cotton Plant Improvement

... repetitive elements offer a way around this limitation. Such markers are called micro- or mini-satellites or simple tandem repeats (STR), because their sequence organization resembles the tandem arrangement of classical satellite DNA. These sequences are arranged in the eukaryotic genome in many cop ...
组蛋白甲基化
组蛋白甲基化

... of RNAPII, the initiating form of polymerase situated at the transcription start site (TSS). In contrast, the Set2 H3K36 methyltransferase binds to the serine 2 phosphorylated CTD of RNAPII, the transcriptional elongating form of polymerase. Thus, the two enzymes are recruited to genes via interacti ...
The human genome. Implications for medicine and society
The human genome. Implications for medicine and society

... aid of such maps, on which genetic markers are indicate the region where the gene which interests us is located, the region containing the said gene can be isolated through cloned fragments that represent the particular region and are available. Due to the fact that mapping and definition of the nuc ...
Quasi-Continuum Models of Low-Fkequency Oscillators in DNA
Quasi-Continuum Models of Low-Fkequency Oscillators in DNA

... The aim of the present work is to use a quasicontinuum iriodel, previously introduced by Chou et al.i91, t o study the distribution of low frequency modes in DNA, with the a and D parameters obtained by Bishop and I'eyrard which correspond to mean values for N-H ...-H and N-H ...-O bonds in A-T and ...
Direct DNA Sequencing in the Clinical Laboratory
Direct DNA Sequencing in the Clinical Laboratory

Developing a CRISPR/Cas9 System for Volvox Carteri
Developing a CRISPR/Cas9 System for Volvox Carteri

... targeted mutations. The Cas9/CRISPR system is simpler and more precise than previously developed genome editing systems. The high precision is due to the CRISPR associated (Cas) endonuclease’s ability to bind DNA via associated guide RNAs. Cas endonucleases can delete or add bases to the genome, whi ...
Recombinant DNA Technology
Recombinant DNA Technology

... 4. transformation: DNA manipulated in vitro can be put back into the living cells by a simple process . – The transformed DNA replicates and expresses its genes. ...
NOTE: The provided figures may be useful and beneficial
NOTE: The provided figures may be useful and beneficial

... 3. Imagine that the non-template sequence in question 3 was transcribed instead of the template sequence. Draw the mRNA sequence and translate it using Figure 17.5. (Be sure to pay attention to the 5’ & 3’ ends.) 4. What enables RNA polymerase to start transcribing a gene at the right place on the D ...
Faculty of Education Abridged Lesson Plan
Faculty of Education Abridged Lesson Plan

... Every cell in your body has the same DNA in it! We used banana cells because they're easy to collect. DNA is found in the nucleus of a cell, which is the "control center" for the cell. To get the DNA out, you needed to break open the cell, detergent will burst the cell membrane (the outer layer of a ...
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Genome editing

Genome editing, or genome editing with engineered nucleases (GEEN) is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, replaced, or removed from a genome using artificially engineered nucleases, or ""molecular scissors."" The nucleases create specific double-stranded break (DSBs) at desired locations in the genome, and harness the cell’s endogenous mechanisms to repair the induced break by natural processes of homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ). There are currently four families of engineered nucleases being used: Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), the CRISPR/Cas system, and engineered meganuclease re-engineered homing endonucleases.It is commonly practiced in genetic analysis that in order to understand the function of a gene or a protein function one interferes with it in a sequence-specific way and monitors its effects on the organism. However, in some organisms it is difficult or impossible to perform site-specific mutagenesis, and therefore more indirect methods have to be used, such as silencing the gene of interest by short RNA interference (siRNA) . Yet gene disruption by siRNA can be variable and incomplete. Genome editing with nucleases such as ZFN is different from siRNA in that the engineered nuclease is able to modify DNA-binding specificity and therefore can in principle cut any targeted position in the genome, and introduce modification of the endogenous sequences for genes that are impossible to specifically target by conventional RNAi. Furthermore, the specificity of ZFNs and TALENs are enhanced as two ZFNs are required in the recognition of their portion of the target and subsequently direct to the neighboring sequences.It was chosen by Nature Methods as the 2011 Method of the Year.
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