Epistasis in Polygenic Traits and the Evolution of Genetic
... are so-called complex quantitative traits; that is, they vary along a quantitative scale and are influenced by more than one or two genes (they are polygenic). A major challenge of current quantitative genetics is to elucidate the genetic architecture of these traits (for a recent review, see Mackay ...
... are so-called complex quantitative traits; that is, they vary along a quantitative scale and are influenced by more than one or two genes (they are polygenic). A major challenge of current quantitative genetics is to elucidate the genetic architecture of these traits (for a recent review, see Mackay ...
Genomic analysis of clinical samples with serologic ABO blood
... subgroups. Each allele was characterized by a missense or nonsense mutation for which screening by allele-specific primer polymerase chain reaction was performed. The novel mutations were encountered in 28 of the remaining 60 A and B subgroup samples but not among normal donors. As a result of this ...
... subgroups. Each allele was characterized by a missense or nonsense mutation for which screening by allele-specific primer polymerase chain reaction was performed. The novel mutations were encountered in 28 of the remaining 60 A and B subgroup samples but not among normal donors. As a result of this ...
Genetic Allee effects and their interaction with ecological
... capita growth rate in small populations (Stephens et al. 1999). The “demographic” indicates that population growth rate is affected and not just one fitness component. But since this study is only concerned with demographic Allee effects, we will simply refer to them as Allee effects in the followin ...
... capita growth rate in small populations (Stephens et al. 1999). The “demographic” indicates that population growth rate is affected and not just one fitness component. But since this study is only concerned with demographic Allee effects, we will simply refer to them as Allee effects in the followin ...
Predictions of Patterns of Response to Artificial Selection
... give the environmental deviation and thus the phenotypic value; (iii) individuals were ranked on phenotypic value and the highest Np was selected; (iv) each offspring was drawn independently by random mating without random selfing (i.e., no family structure or sexes); and (v) Mo offspring genotypes ...
... give the environmental deviation and thus the phenotypic value; (iii) individuals were ranked on phenotypic value and the highest Np was selected; (iv) each offspring was drawn independently by random mating without random selfing (i.e., no family structure or sexes); and (v) Mo offspring genotypes ...
p53 in Hematologic Malignancies
... have activation of the c-myc gene. Although T-cell leukemia Cases of AML and MDS have been reported that have cell lines have about a 50% frequency of p53 mutations,"" high levels of p53 protein, as determined by either immunoprecipitation or immunochemistry, buthaveno detectable p53 mutations are r ...
... have activation of the c-myc gene. Although T-cell leukemia Cases of AML and MDS have been reported that have cell lines have about a 50% frequency of p53 mutations,"" high levels of p53 protein, as determined by either immunoprecipitation or immunochemistry, buthaveno detectable p53 mutations are r ...
i A Thesis Entitled A Visual Screen for Centriolar Mutants in
... Drosophila melanogaster, commonly known as the fruit fly, has emerged over the years as an excellent model to study conserved biological processes. ...
... Drosophila melanogaster, commonly known as the fruit fly, has emerged over the years as an excellent model to study conserved biological processes. ...
Warren, ST and Ashley, CT: Triplet repeat expansion mutations: The example of fragile X syndrome. Annual Review of Neuroscience 18:77-99 (1995).
... localized this instability to a single 1.0-kb Pst I fragment, pfxa2, that was sequenced and found to contain an unusual CGG trinucleotide repeat of 43 copies. By using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and primers flanking the repeat, Kremer et al (1991a) mapped the region of instability in pfxa2 ...
... localized this instability to a single 1.0-kb Pst I fragment, pfxa2, that was sequenced and found to contain an unusual CGG trinucleotide repeat of 43 copies. By using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and primers flanking the repeat, Kremer et al (1991a) mapped the region of instability in pfxa2 ...
Zinc Ions and Cation Diffusion Facilitator Proteins
... 2⬚ vulval cell fates (Table 1, rows 11–14). The ability of cells to adopt vulval fates in lin-1 and lin-12 mutants indicates that the loss of cdf-1 activity does not prevent the execution of vulval fates and supports the hypothesis that cdf-1 specifically influences Ras-mediated signaling. CDF-1 Exp ...
... 2⬚ vulval cell fates (Table 1, rows 11–14). The ability of cells to adopt vulval fates in lin-1 and lin-12 mutants indicates that the loss of cdf-1 activity does not prevent the execution of vulval fates and supports the hypothesis that cdf-1 specifically influences Ras-mediated signaling. CDF-1 Exp ...
Baker, B. S., Hoff, G., Kaufman, T. C., Wolfner, M. W., and Hazelrigg, T. (1991). A cytopgenetic analysis of the doublesex locus and its flanking regions. Genetics 127: 125-138.
... affects female sexual differentiation, but only weakly affects male sexual differentiation. T h e interactions of ~ s x " ~ ~with ' * mutations in other genes affecting sexual differentiation are described. These results are discussed in terms of the recent molecular findings that the dsx locus enco ...
... affects female sexual differentiation, but only weakly affects male sexual differentiation. T h e interactions of ~ s x " ~ ~with ' * mutations in other genes affecting sexual differentiation are described. These results are discussed in terms of the recent molecular findings that the dsx locus enco ...
Chapter 29 Slides
... Immunoglobulin Genes • Immunoglobulin genes maximize protein diversity with a limited amount of genetic information • DNA rearrangement (genetic recombination) during assembly of IG genes accounts for this diversity • Three separate genes are combined to form the L-chain gene • Four genes combine to ...
... Immunoglobulin Genes • Immunoglobulin genes maximize protein diversity with a limited amount of genetic information • DNA rearrangement (genetic recombination) during assembly of IG genes accounts for this diversity • Three separate genes are combined to form the L-chain gene • Four genes combine to ...
evidence against micronuclear mutations as the sole
... single individual showing macronuclear regeneration. The four third fission products examined were twice found to contain 0, 1, 1, and 2 macronuclei, with the individual containing no macronucleus showing macronuclear regeneration. In such a case missegregation of the macronucleus may have occurred ...
... single individual showing macronuclear regeneration. The four third fission products examined were twice found to contain 0, 1, 1, and 2 macronuclei, with the individual containing no macronucleus showing macronuclear regeneration. In such a case missegregation of the macronucleus may have occurred ...
a nine-base pair deletion distinguishes two en/spm
... Original al-m allele: The original allele was a dense type [a-1m(dense)], identified by a large number of medium late spots (Figure 2b, PETERSON 1961). The two alleles, a1-m(Au), and a1-m (papu) are derived exceptions, that were distinguishable by their phenotype (There were many others that have no ...
... Original al-m allele: The original allele was a dense type [a-1m(dense)], identified by a large number of medium late spots (Figure 2b, PETERSON 1961). The two alleles, a1-m(Au), and a1-m (papu) are derived exceptions, that were distinguishable by their phenotype (There were many others that have no ...
ref. #28 of the TIBS article
... Glu, but give rise to a much larger drop. It is also apparent that the Asp mutations give somewhat lower MGD values than the Glu mutations. The side-chains of Asp and Glu are short, and thus cannot ``snorkel'' in the same way as Arg and Lys. In addition, there might be some repulsion between the neg ...
... Glu, but give rise to a much larger drop. It is also apparent that the Asp mutations give somewhat lower MGD values than the Glu mutations. The side-chains of Asp and Glu are short, and thus cannot ``snorkel'' in the same way as Arg and Lys. In addition, there might be some repulsion between the neg ...
Analysis and nucleotide sequence of an origin of DNA replication in
... Restreaking on minimal plates with Ap yielded 16 candidates. From these the plasmid DNA was prepared from 3 ml overnight cultures and retransformed to A. calcoaceticus BD413 trpE. The transformants were plated on LB-Ap plates and minimal medium Ap plates. Four plasmids yielded roughly the same numbe ...
... Restreaking on minimal plates with Ap yielded 16 candidates. From these the plasmid DNA was prepared from 3 ml overnight cultures and retransformed to A. calcoaceticus BD413 trpE. The transformants were plated on LB-Ap plates and minimal medium Ap plates. Four plasmids yielded roughly the same numbe ...
Control of human β-globin mRNA stability and its impact on beta
... for marked repression of αCS globin synthesis. Transcripts harboring the αCS mutation are translated for an additional 31 codons into the 3’UTR before terminating at the poly(A) signal (see above). This ribosome extension triggers accelerated deadenylation of the αCS transcript resulting in reduced ...
... for marked repression of αCS globin synthesis. Transcripts harboring the αCS mutation are translated for an additional 31 codons into the 3’UTR before terminating at the poly(A) signal (see above). This ribosome extension triggers accelerated deadenylation of the αCS transcript resulting in reduced ...
Power Point
... Principle of Segregation When animals reproduce, they only pass on half of their genetic material to their offspring because gametes, or reproductive cells, only have one chromosome from each pair. The offspring will only receive one allele from each parent. Illustration of DNA Double Helix from Wi ...
... Principle of Segregation When animals reproduce, they only pass on half of their genetic material to their offspring because gametes, or reproductive cells, only have one chromosome from each pair. The offspring will only receive one allele from each parent. Illustration of DNA Double Helix from Wi ...
animal genetics
... Principle of Segregation When animals reproduce, they only pass on half of their genetic material to their offspring because gametes, or reproductive cells, only have one chromosome from each pair. The offspring will only receive one allele from each parent. Illustration of DNA Double Helix from Wi ...
... Principle of Segregation When animals reproduce, they only pass on half of their genetic material to their offspring because gametes, or reproductive cells, only have one chromosome from each pair. The offspring will only receive one allele from each parent. Illustration of DNA Double Helix from Wi ...
Finding New Clock Components: Past and Future
... knockout is Per2, which causes a 1.5-h period shortening and eventual loss of rhythms in the majority of mice in constant darkness (Zheng et al., 1999). Knockouts of Per1 and Per3 fall into the subtle (0-1 hour period changes) category at best (Bae et al., 2001). Fortunately, the Per1/Per2 double-kn ...
... knockout is Per2, which causes a 1.5-h period shortening and eventual loss of rhythms in the majority of mice in constant darkness (Zheng et al., 1999). Knockouts of Per1 and Per3 fall into the subtle (0-1 hour period changes) category at best (Bae et al., 2001). Fortunately, the Per1/Per2 double-kn ...
Transcriptional Functionality of Germ Line p53 Mutants Influences
... families with LFS/LFL syndromes and those that do not fulfill the clinical definitions of LFS/LFL (i.e., FH and noFH), although they carry a germ line mutation in the TP53 gene. Data are available on family members with cancer that are either TP53 mutation carriers or that have not been examined for ...
... families with LFS/LFL syndromes and those that do not fulfill the clinical definitions of LFS/LFL (i.e., FH and noFH), although they carry a germ line mutation in the TP53 gene. Data are available on family members with cancer that are either TP53 mutation carriers or that have not been examined for ...
Tandem Genetic Duplications in Phage and Bacteria
... state. The merodiploid nature of tandem duplications and the sequence impropriety found at the join point between duplicated regions are often traits that lend them selves to selection. All selections described below have utilized these traits in one of three different ways. These represent three b ...
... state. The merodiploid nature of tandem duplications and the sequence impropriety found at the join point between duplicated regions are often traits that lend them selves to selection. All selections described below have utilized these traits in one of three different ways. These represent three b ...
Mutation specific therapies
... parts). The reasoning for this approach is explained here in detail. Exon skipping can be used to restore the genetic code for different mutations types. The following figures contain three parts: at the top the situation at DNA level (so the level of the gene) is depicted, in the middle the RNA cop ...
... parts). The reasoning for this approach is explained here in detail. Exon skipping can be used to restore the genetic code for different mutations types. The following figures contain three parts: at the top the situation at DNA level (so the level of the gene) is depicted, in the middle the RNA cop ...
Centromere-Linkage Analysis and Consolidation
... Because half-tetrad zebrafish express mutant phenotypes appropriate to their genotypes, we have proposed an efficient method for the initial mapping of mutations using centromere-linkage analysis (JOHNSON st al. 1995a). In a family of half-tetrad zebrafish, some will be homozygous for the mutant loc ...
... Because half-tetrad zebrafish express mutant phenotypes appropriate to their genotypes, we have proposed an efficient method for the initial mapping of mutations using centromere-linkage analysis (JOHNSON st al. 1995a). In a family of half-tetrad zebrafish, some will be homozygous for the mutant loc ...
Mutation
In biology, a mutation is a permanent change of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA or other genetic elements. Mutations result from damage to DNA which is not repaired or to RNA genomes (typically caused by radiation or chemical mutagens), errors in the process of replication, or from the insertion or deletion of segments of DNA by mobile genetic elements. Mutations may or may not produce discernible changes in the observable characteristics (phenotype) of an organism. Mutations play a part in both normal and abnormal biological processes including: evolution, cancer, and the development of the immune system, including junctional diversity.Mutation can result in several different types of change in sequences. Mutations in genes can either have no effect, alter the product of a gene, or prevent the gene from functioning properly or completely. Mutations can also occur in nongenic regions. One study on genetic variations between different species of Drosophila suggests that, if a mutation changes a protein produced by a gene, the result is likely to be harmful, with an estimated 70 percent of amino acid polymorphisms that have damaging effects, and the remainder being either neutral or weakly beneficial. Due to the damaging effects that mutations can have on genes, organisms have mechanisms such as DNA repair to prevent or correct mutations by reverting the mutated sequence back to its original state.