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VL Molded Case Circuit Breakers
VL Molded Case Circuit Breakers

... fault current that will cause the breaker to trip. Model 545 Electronic Trip Units act on the residual current to sense ground current. The Model 576 Electronic Trip Unit is programmable and allows the user to select either the residual current method or direct detection (via a separate current tran ...
Diesel-Electric Propulsion Systems
Diesel-Electric Propulsion Systems

... torque and direction of rotation with feed back of the reverse power to the main alternators and to the mains respectively to braking resistors in case of reversing manoeuvre and n Continuous speed control from 0 to 100 % of rated speed All operation requirements are achieved automatical ...
Homework 6: Printed Circuit Board Layout Design
Homework 6: Printed Circuit Board Layout Design

... other and with a clear area between the components to reduce trace length and via usage. Traces run from the image sensor header to the FIFO and from the FIFO to the microcontroller. The microcontroller also sends signals to the RS232 transmitter. Orientation of each component is chosen carefully to ...
CG34503507
CG34503507

... supply voltage and f is the frequency of operation. The first term in equation (1) corresponds to the power involved in charging and discharging circuit nodes. C represents the node capacitance and N is the switching activity i.e., the number of gate output transitions per clock cycle(also known as ...
Generator Stator Protection, under/over voltage, under /over
Generator Stator Protection, under/over voltage, under /over

... 2.5 Stator ground fault protection: The method of grounding effect the degree of protection which is employed by the differential protection. High impedance reduces the fault current and thus it is very difficult to detect the high impedance faults. So the differential protection does not work for t ...
Polarity - SparkFun Learn
Polarity - SparkFun Learn

... function the way it’s supposed to function. A symmetric component rarely has more than two terminals, and every terminal on the component is equivalent. You can connect a non-polarized component in any direction, and it’ll function just the same. A polarized component – a part with polarity – can on ...
Transmission System Supply Reliability and Quality Regulation
Transmission System Supply Reliability and Quality Regulation

... order to restrict phase-earth fault currents. In addition, under some specific conditions, neutral earthing transformer is installed at the distribution busbar. The neutral points of the primary and secondary windings of 380 kV and 154 kV star-star-connected autotransformers are earthed directly and ...
UNIVERSAL DIGITAL VOLTMETER
UNIVERSAL DIGITAL VOLTMETER

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GOOD GROUNDING PRACTICES

Click Here to Download(PPT)
Click Here to Download(PPT)

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download

... system operational awareness and provides basic monitoring for the controlled elements. This level of monitoring is typically required at airports capable of operating in VFR or Category I conditions. The minimum Type B monitoring design criteria is as follows: All monitoring requirements of the Typ ...
Trouble Code: P0010 (2.4L L4 VIN B Auto)
Trouble Code: P0010 (2.4L L4 VIN B Auto)

UL 2560 - TekTone
UL 2560 - TekTone

... control station must be cancelled by an action separate from simply terminating communication. UL 2560 does not have this requirement. • “Orphan call” routing—UL 1069 requires that call points monitored by a portable nurse control station must also be monitored by a primary nurse control station to ...
Technical information VDE 0530
Technical information VDE 0530

Generator circuit breakers have special requirements for
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... An "embedded system" is any computer system or computing device that performs a dedicated function or is designed for use with a specific embedded software application. Embedded systems may use a ROM-based operating system or they may use a disk-based system, like a PC. But an embedded system is not ...
Wafer Level Reliability Testing – A Critical Device and Process
Wafer Level Reliability Testing – A Critical Device and Process

... phase will experience different amounts of relaxation. The degradation of the last device to be measured may be only a fraction of that for the first one. This measurement challenge requires switch-less stress and measure for multiple devices in parallel as well as a new technique to estimate Vt deg ...
tutorial program - Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata
tutorial program - Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata

... Maintaining the tradition of the conference, the three-day technical program of the joint conference on January 3-5, 2005 will feature keynote and plenary talks from world leaders, highquality technical paper presentations that reflect the state-of-the-art in VLSI Design and Embedded Systems. It als ...
AN-680 Dynamic Threshold for Advanced CMOS Logic
AN-680 Dynamic Threshold for Advanced CMOS Logic

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Evaluates: MAX1966/MAX1967 MAX1966 Evaluation Kit General Description Features

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PSS15S92F6-AG
PSS15S92F6-AG

... It is recommended to insert a Zener diode D1(24V/1W) between each pair of control supply terminals to prevent surge destruction. To prevent surge destruction, the wiring between the smoothing capacitor and the P, N1 terminals should be as short as possible. Generally a 0.1-0.22μF snubber capacitor C ...
POWERLOGIC® Circuit Monitor — Series 2000
POWERLOGIC® Circuit Monitor — Series 2000

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W‑ST Wall‑mount Multi‑candela Strobes

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Out-of-Step Protection System Testing by Means of

DRAFT REGULATORY GUIDE DG-1077
DRAFT REGULATORY GUIDE DG-1077

... electric wire carrying a current above 4000 Amps), electromigration becomes a significant problem. Reliability tests by VLSI manufacturers typically address this problem by stressing devices at both high temperature and high current density. Synergistic effects of other parameters may precipitate ot ...
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Fault tolerance



Fault tolerance is the property that enables a system to continue operating properly in the event of the failure of (or one or more faults within) some of its components. If its operating quality decreases at all, the decrease is proportional to the severity of the failure, as compared to a naively designed system in which even a small failure can cause total breakdown. Fault tolerance is particularly sought after in high-availability or life-critical systems.A fault-tolerant design enables a system to continue its intended operation, possibly at a reduced level, rather than failing completely, when some part of the system fails. The term is most commonly used to describe computer systems designed to continue more or less fully operational with, perhaps, a reduction in throughput or an increase in response time in the event of some partial failure. That is, the system as a whole is not stopped due to problems either in the hardware or the software. An example in another field is a motor vehicle designed so it will continue to be drivable if one of the tires is punctured. A structure is able to retain its integrity in the presence of damage due to causes such as fatigue, corrosion, manufacturing flaws, or impact.Within the scope of an individual system, fault tolerance can be achieved by anticipating exceptional conditions and building the system to cope with them, and, in general, aiming for self-stabilization so that the system converges towards an error-free state. However, if the consequences of a system failure are catastrophic, or the cost of making it sufficiently reliable is very high, a better solution may be to use some form of duplication. In any case, if the consequence of a system failure is so catastrophic, the system must be able to use reversion to fall back to a safe mode. This is similar to roll-back recovery but can be a human action if humans are present in the loop.
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