benzo pdf version
... Motor - muscle spasms, stiffness, pain Gastrointestinal Cognitive impairment ...
... Motor - muscle spasms, stiffness, pain Gastrointestinal Cognitive impairment ...
PREMEDICATION DRUGS
... Hydroxy-midazolam- active metabolite – 1 hrclinically important only after prolonged infusion in renal failure ...
... Hydroxy-midazolam- active metabolite – 1 hrclinically important only after prolonged infusion in renal failure ...
Sedative- Hypnotic Drugs
... diazepam, lorazepam, and midazolam a persistent postanesthetic respiratory depression reversible with flumazenil ...
... diazepam, lorazepam, and midazolam a persistent postanesthetic respiratory depression reversible with flumazenil ...
Sedative - Hypnotics
... • extensive protein binding: benzodiazepines: 60 – 90% • chloral hydrate displaces warfarin from plasma protein binding site anticoagulant effect of warfarin ...
... • extensive protein binding: benzodiazepines: 60 – 90% • chloral hydrate displaces warfarin from plasma protein binding site anticoagulant effect of warfarin ...
Local anesthetics
... Adverse effect • drug hangover: tiredness after awakes • tolerance: induce P-450 system • addiction: abrupt withdrawal may cause tremor, anxiety, weakness, restlessness, nausea and vomiting • respiratory depression • allergy ...
... Adverse effect • drug hangover: tiredness after awakes • tolerance: induce P-450 system • addiction: abrupt withdrawal may cause tremor, anxiety, weakness, restlessness, nausea and vomiting • respiratory depression • allergy ...
ANXIOLYTICS AND HYPNOTICS
... In preanesthetic doses, all benzodiazepines decrease blood pressure and increase heart rate ...
... In preanesthetic doses, all benzodiazepines decrease blood pressure and increase heart rate ...
Chapter 14 Sedative
... GABAA receptor has a structure comprised of multiple subunits( alpha, beta,gamma, etc). Combinations of the three major subunits appear to be essential for normal physiologic and pharmacologic function of the macromolecule. GABA binds to receptor sites on the beta subunits and that this interaction ...
... GABAA receptor has a structure comprised of multiple subunits( alpha, beta,gamma, etc). Combinations of the three major subunits appear to be essential for normal physiologic and pharmacologic function of the macromolecule. GABA binds to receptor sites on the beta subunits and that this interaction ...
anti-anxiety medications
... driving or operating machinery dangerous. When combined with certain cold and allergy remedies, benzodiazepines can produce a dangerous level of sedation. Some benzodiazepines are metabolized and eliminated slowly from the body, causing a build-up. Elderly persons are particularly sensitive to the e ...
... driving or operating machinery dangerous. When combined with certain cold and allergy remedies, benzodiazepines can produce a dangerous level of sedation. Some benzodiazepines are metabolized and eliminated slowly from the body, causing a build-up. Elderly persons are particularly sensitive to the e ...
Benzodiazepines and risk behaviour
... • Unlicensed versions illicitly made or legitimately made abroad but quality does not meet UK standards. • Fakes- many originate from India, Pakistan, Thailand. ...
... • Unlicensed versions illicitly made or legitimately made abroad but quality does not meet UK standards. • Fakes- many originate from India, Pakistan, Thailand. ...
Diazepam
Diazepam, first marketed as Valium, is a medication of the benzodiazepine type that alters the function of the brain. It is commonly used to treat a range of conditions including anxiety, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome, muscle spasms, seizures, trouble sleeping, and restless legs syndrome. It may also be used to cause memory loss during certain medical procedures. It can be taken by mouth, inserted into the rectum, injected into muscle, or injected into a vein. When given into a vein, effects begin in one to five minutes and last up to an hour. By mouth, effects may take 40 minutes to begin.Common side effects include sleepiness and trouble with coordination. Serious side effects are rare. They include suicide, decreased breathing, and an increased risk of seizures if used too frequently in those with epilepsy. Occasionally excitement or agitation may occur. Long term use can result in tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal upon dose reduction. Abrupt stopping after long term use can be potentially dangerous. After stopping cognitive problems may persist for six months or longer. They are not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Its mechanism of action is by increasing the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA).Diazepam was first synthesized by Leo Sternbach, and was first manufactured by Hoffmann-La Roche. It has been one of the most frequently prescribed medications in the world since its launch in 1963. In the United States it was the highest selling medication between 1968 and 1982, selling more than two billion tablets in 1978 alone. In 1985 the patent ended, and there are now more than 500 brands available on the market. Diazepam is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system.